The family of Albini (Aubigny) was from Saint-Martin-d'Aubigny in the present day French département of Manche. After the Norman conquest, the castle of Arundel was first possessed by Roger de Montgommery, who was created an earl in 1067 and is generally recognised as Earl of Shrewsbury. His son, Robert de Bellême Comte d'Alençon and Earl of Shrewsbury lost his English honours and estates after his attainder in 1102. Arundel castle was retained by the crown until it was settled on William de Albini on his marriage to Queen Adelisa, widow of King Henry I, in [1138/39]. He was created Earl of Arundel by King Stephen in [1142], although he is also referred to as Earl of Chichester and Earl of Sussex. On the death without male heirs of Hugh de Albini Earl of Arundel in 1243, the title reverted to the crown. The castle and honour of Arundel were inherited by Hugh’s nephew John FitzAlan, the son of his older sister Isabel. The FitzAlan family did not use the title Earl of Arundel until it was awarded to John's grandson, Richard FitzAlan, in 1289 by King Edward I. After the attainder of Edmund FitzAlan Earl of Arundel in 1326, the title was given to Edmund Earl of Kent, son of Edward I King of England, but it was forfeited once more after the attainder of Earl Edmund in 1330. Richard FitzAlan, son of his predecessor, was fully restored to his honours by King Edward III in 1331. Yet another interval in the tenure of the FitzAlan family followed the attainder of Richard FitzAlan in 1397, after which John de Holand Duke of Exeter was granted the castle and honour of Arundel. It is not clear whether he was ever created Earl of Arundel but, whatever the case, all his honours were forfeited after his own attainder in 1400. After helping King Henry IV to the throne, Thomas FitzAlan was fully restored to his father's honours in 1400 and thereby became Earl of Arundel. The supremacy of the earldom over all other earldoms was confirmed in 1446 after this precedence was challenged by Thomas Courtenay Earl of Devon[1]. The earldom passed to the Howard family after the death in 1580 of Henry FitzAlan Earl of Arundel, the late earl being succeeded by his grandson Philip Howard Earl of Surrey.

A. EARLS of ARUNDEL [1138/39]-1243 (ALBINI)

WILLIAM d'Aubigny, son of GUILLAUME d'Aubigny "Pincerna" & his wife Matilda le Bigod (after 1100-Waverley Abbey 12 Oct 1176, bur Wymondham, Norfolk). A memorandum of the foundation of Wymondham Priory records that “Willielmus de Albaneio, pincerna regis Henrici” had “unum filium Willielmum comitem Arundeliæ”[2]. “Willielmus de Albeneyo, pincerna Henrici regis Anglorum” donated property to Wymondham priory, assisted by “uxoris suæ Matilidis filiæ…Rogeri Bigot” by undated charter, witnessed by “filii…eiusdem Willielmi, Nigellus et Oliverus”[3]. "Willelmus de Albiniaco" donated “ecclesias de villa...Ham” to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [1132/51], witnessed by “...Olivarius frater Willelmi de Albiniaco et Radulfus de Haia et Engerannus de Sai...”[4]. He acquired the castle and honour of Arundel through his marriage. He was created Earl of Lincoln in [1139], but lost this earldom to William de Roumare, and was created Earl of Arundel or Sussex in [1141]. "W comes Cicestrie…et regina Adelide" granted land at Wymondham, Norfolk to the church of St Lazarus of Jerusalem by charter dated to [1150], witnessed by "Rogero de Albineio…"[5]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1177 of "Willermus de Albineio…comitem d'Arundel"[6]. Ralph de Diceto records the death "IV Id Oct…apud Waverleie", in 1176 from the context, of "Willelmus de Aubini comes de Arundel" and his burial "apud Wimundeham XIV Kal Nov"[7].

m ([1136/Sep 1139]) as her second husband, ADELISA de Louvain, widow of HENRY I King of England, daughter of GODEFROI V "le Barbu" Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Comte de Louvain & his first wife Ida de Chiny Ctss de Namur ([1103/06]-Afflighem Abbey 23/24 Mar or 23 Apr 1151, bur Afflighem Abbey). The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names (in order) "Alaida…Anglorum regina…comitissa de Cleves Ida…[et] Clarissia virgo" as the three daughters of "Godefridus Cum-barba"[8]. The Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon records the marriage of "Henricus rex Anglorum" and "Athelam filiam Godefridi ducis Lotharingie" in 1121[9]. Orderic Vitalis names her and her father[10]. The castle and honour of Arundel was settled on Queen Adelisa after her first husband died. Robert of Torigny records that "Willermi de Albinaio quem vocant comitem de Arundel" married "Aelizam reginam relictam Henrici senioris regis Anglorum"[11]. In another passage, Robert of Torigny confirms that she was the mother of her husband's four sons[12]. Adelisa became a nun at Affleghem Abbey, near Aalst in Brabant in 1149/50. The Annals of Margan record the death in 1151 of “Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis”[13]. The Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis records that “Godefridus cum barba Dux Lotharingiæ…filia…Aleidis” married “Regi Angliæ” in 1121, died “IX Kal Mai” and was buried at Afflighem after the death of her second husband[14]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "25 Mar" of "Adelicia regina"[15].

Earl William & his wife had eight children:

1. [AGNES ([1139/41]-). Domesday Descendants records that William Earl of Arundel donated property to Boxgrove Priory for the soul of Agnes, wife of Radulf FitzSavaric, by charter dated [1173] which does not specify the relationship between the two[16]. Considering that she gave birth to a daughter before her husband's death before 1157, Agnes was probably the first child of her parents, assuming that William first Earl of Arundel was her father. m RADULF FitzSavaric, son of SAVARY FitzCana de Beaumont & his wife Muriel de Bohun (-before 1157).]

2. WILLIAM (-24 Dec 1193, bur Wymondham Priory). Robert of Torigny names "Guillermum primogenitum suum et Godefridum et…comitissam uxorem Johannis comitis Aucensis" as children of "Willermi de Albinaio quem vocant comitem de Arundel" & his wife[17]. He succeeded his father in 1176, generally known as Earl of Sussex as the castle of Arundel was retained by the crown on his father's death. They were restored to Earl William in 27 Jun 1190, after which he was referred to as Earl of Arundel[18]. The Annals of Waverley record the death “in vigilia Natalis Domini” in 1193 of “Willelmus comes junior de Arundel”[19]. m (after 1173) as her second husband, MATILDA de Saint-Hilaire, widow of ROGER de Clare Earl of Hertford, daughter and heiress of JAMES de Saint-Hilaire & his wife Aveline ---. Robert of Torigny records that "Willermus de Albineio…comitem d'Arundel…[filium] Guillermum de Albineio primogenito" and "relictam Rogerii comitis de Clara filiam Jacobi de Sancto Hilario"[20]. Her name is confirmed by the undated charter which records that “Wilielmus comes Sussexiæ” confirmed donations to Boxgrove Priory by his predecessors “Rogerus de Albineio, et Willelmus Pincerna…et Willielmi patris mei filii reginæ Aeliz, et Matildis matris meæ”[21]. Earl William & his wife had [two] children:

a) WILLIAM (-Cainell, near Rome before 30 Mar 1221[22], bur Wymondham Priory). “Wilielmus comes Sussexiæ” confirmed donations to Boxgrove Priory by his predecessors “Rogerus de Albineio, et Willelmus Pincerna…et Willielmi patris mei filii reginæ Aeliz, et Matildis matris meæ” to Boxgrove Priory by undated charter, which names “domina Avicia, uxor Rogeri de Albineio…et filiorum suorum Willielmi et Nigelli”[23]. He succeeded his father in 1193 as Earl of Arundel.

- see below.

b) [AGNES . A manuscript record of the Mowbray family (many of the details in which relating to the early generations of the family are inconsistent with other sources) states that the wife of “Willihelmus…primogenitus et hæres Nigelli de Molbray” married “[filiam] comitis de Arundel…Agnetem” who was mother of his two sons[24]. The identification of this person has not been corroborated from other sources. m WILLIAM de Mowbray, son of NELE de Mowbray & his wife Mabel --- (-Axholme before 25 Mar 1224, bur Neufbourg).]

3. RENIER (-after [1200]). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1177 of "Willermus de Albineio…comitem d'Arundel" and specifies that he left four sons, without naming the youngest three[25]. “Willelmus comes tertius Sussexiæ” confirmed the donation of "terram de Snergate, quæ est de feodo de Bilsentone" made to Robert’s Bridge Abbey by “Adeliciæ comitissæ de Augo amitæ meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Renerio de Aubenio, Willielmo de Albineio filio comitis…”[26]. An inspeximus dated 28 Oct 1317 confirmed, among other documents, an undated charter (dated to [1176/90?] of “William, earl of Sussex” donating property to “the church of St. James of Bucham”, witnessed by “Reiner, the grantor’s brother...”[27]. The primary source which suggests his date of death has not been identified.

4. HENRY . Robert of Torigny records the death in 1177 of "Willermus de Albineio…comitem d'Arundel" and specifies that he left four sons, without naming the youngest three[28]. The primary source which confirms his name has not been identified.

5. GODEFROI . Robert of Torigny names "Guillermum primogenitum suum et Godefridum et…comitissam uxorem Johannis comitis Aucensis" as children of "Willermi de Albinaio quem vocant comitem de Arundel" & his wife[29]. “Godfridus filius comitis” witnessed the undated charter under which “Wilielmus comes Arundelli” donated property “Bessesola..[et] Winkingas” to Boxgrove Priory, for the souls of “Adelizæ reginæ…Olivæ sororis meæ, et Olyvæ filiæ meæ, et Agathæ, quæ ibi iacent”[30]. “Alizia comitissa Augi” donated "terram meam de Snergate, infra wallum et extra" to Robert’s Bridge Abbey, for the souls of “Willielmi comitis Arundeliæ patris mei et Aliziæ reginæ matris meæ et…domini mei J. comitis Augi et Godefridi fratris mei et Matildis et Margaretæ filiarum mearum”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Henrico comite Augi, Roberto fratre eius, Aluredo de Sancto Martino…”[31].

6. ALICE ([1140/45?]-11 Sep [1188], bur Fécamp). Robert of Torigny names "Guillermum primogenitum suum et Godefridum et…comitissam uxorem Johannis comitis Aucensis" as children of "Willermi de Albinaio quem vocant comitem de Arundel" & his wife[32]. "Johannes comes Augi" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport by a charter dated [1169/70], witnessed by "Henricus et Robertus filii comitis et A[elicia] comitissa Augi"[33]. "Alizia comitissa Augi" donated property to the abbey of Robert's Bridge for the soul of "Willielmi comitis Arundelie patris mei et Alizie regine matris mee et…domini mei J. comitis Augi et Godefridi fratris mei et Matildis et Margarete filiarum mearum" by undated charter witnessed by "Henrico comite Augi, Roberto fratris eius"[34]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. It is suggested by a charter of King Edward III dated 5 Nov 1337 which confirms various donations to Robert’s Bridge Abbey in Sussex founded by “Aluredus de Sancto Martino”, including “terram de Swergate et pasturam infra Wallam et extra” donated by “Aliciæ comitissæ de Augo et Henrici filii eius comitis Augi”[35]. “Alizia comitissa Augi” donated "terram meam de Snergate, infra wallam et extra" to Robert’s Bridge Abbey, for the souls of “Willielmi comitis Arundeliæ patris mei et Aliziæ reginæ matris meæ et…domini mei J. comitis Augi et Godefridi fratris mei et Matildis et Margaretæ filiarum mearum”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Henrico comite Augi, Roberto fratre eius, Aluredo de Sancto Martino…”[36]. m firstly ([1155/60?]) JEAN [I] Comte d'Eu Lord of Hastings, son of HENRI Comte d'Eu & his third wife Marguerite de Sully (-Fécamp 26 Jun 1170, bur Fécamp). m secondly as his second wife, ALURED de Saint-Martin, son of --- (-after 20 Nov 1189[37]).

7. OLIVIA (-young, bur Boxgrove Priory). “Wilielmus comes Arundelli” donated property “Bessesola..[et] Winkingas” to Boxgrove Priory, for the souls of “Adelizæ reginæ…Olivæ sororis meæ, et Olyvæ filiæ meæ, et Agathæ, quæ ibi iacent”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Godfridus filius comitis”[38].

8. [AGATHA (-young, bur Boxgrove Priory). “Wilielmus comes Arundelli” donated property “Bessesola..[et] Winkingas” to Boxgrove Priory, for the souls of “Adelizæ reginæ…Olivæ sororis meæ, et Olyvæ filiæ meæ, et Agathæ, quæ ibi iacent”, by undated charter[39]. The document does not specify the relationship between Agatha and the donor, but the wording suggests that she was another of his daughters.]

The relationship, if any, between the following person and the Albini family has not been established:

1. ROGER de Albini (-after [1150]). "W comes Cicestrie…et regina Adelide" granted land at Wymondham, Norfolk to the church of St Lazarus of Jerusalem by charter dated to [1150], witnessed by "Rogero de Albineio…"[40].

WILLIAM d’Albini, son of WILLIAM Earl of Arundel & his wife Matilda de Saint-Hilaire (-Cainell, near Rome before 30 Mar 1221[41], bur Wymondham Priory). “Wilielmus comes Sussexiæ” confirmed donations to Boxgrove Priory by his predecessors “Rogerus de Albineio, et Willelmus Pincerna…et Willielmi patris mei filii reginæ Aeliz, et Matildis matris meæ” to Boxgrove Priory by undated charter, which names “domina Avicia, uxor Rogeri de Albineio…et filiorum suorum Willielmi et Nigelli”[42]. He succeeded his father in 1193 as Earl of Arundel. “Willelmus comes tertius Sussexiæ” confirmed the donation of "terram de Snergate, quæ est de feodo de Bilsentone" made to Robert’s Bridge Abbey by “Adeliciæ comitissæ de Augo amitæ meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Renerio de Aubenio, Willielmo de Albineio filio comitis…”[43]. Matthew Paris records the death in 1221 “in partibus transmarinis, a Damata rediens” of “Willelmus de Albineio comes de Harundelle”, the transport of his body back to England by “Thomam monachum de Sancto Albino”, and his burial “apud Wimundham Sancti Albani prioratum”[44]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1221 of "Willelmus de Albineio comes de Arundel…de Terra Sancta rediens" and his burial "apud Wymundham"[45]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comes Arundel” died in 1221 in Italy and his body brought back for burial at “apud Wimundeham”[46].

m MABEL of Chester, daughter of HUGH "le Meschin" Earl of Chester & his wife Bertrade de Montfort (-after 1232). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "secunda…Mabillia" married "comiti Arundelle"[47]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "comes Cestrie" gave land "in Calswah" in Lincolnshire to "comiti de Arundell in maritagium cum sorore sua"[48].

Earl William & his wife had six children:

1. WILLIAM ([1200][49]-[before 7] Aug 1224, bur Wymondham Priory). “Willelmus comes tertius Sussexiæ” confirmed the donation of "terram de Snergate, quæ est de feodo de Bilsentone" made to Robert’s Bridge Abbey by “Adeliciæ comitissæ de Augo amitæ meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Renerio de Aubenio, Willielmo de Albineio filio comitis…”[50]. He succeeded his father in 1221 as Earl of Arundel. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comes de Arundel” died in 1224[51].

2. MATILDA [Mabilia] . The Annales Londonienses name "Mabiliam, Nicholaam, Ceciliam et Isabellam" as the four daughters of "secunda…Mabillia…uxor comitis de Arundelle", specifying that "Mabiliam" married "Roberto de Tateshale"[52]. m as his first wife, ROBERT de Tattershall, son of WILLIAM de Tattershall & his wife Isolda Pantolf (-16 Jul 1249). Robert & his wife had one child:

3. ISABEL (-before 1240). The Annales Londonienses name "Mabiliam, Nicholaam, Ceciliam et Isabellam" as the four daughters of "secunda…Mabillia…uxor comitis de Arundelle", specifying that "Isabella" married "Johanni filio Alani"[53]. m as his first wife, JOHN FitzAlan, son of WILLIAM FitzAlan Lord of Clun and Oswestry, Shropshire & his wife --- (-1240).

4. HUGH ([1213/15]-7 May 1243, bur Wymondham Priory[54]). He succeeded his brother in 1224 as Earl of Arundel, coming of age 10 May 1235. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1243 of “Hugo comes de Arundel”[55]. On his death, the earldom of Sussex reverted to the crown, while his estates were divided between his four sisters. m (1234) ISABEL de Warenne, daughter of WILLIAM [IV] de Warenne Earl of Surrey & his second wife Matilda Marshal of Pembroke (-before 23 Nov 1282, bur Marham, Norfolk). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Johannes de Garren comes de Garren et Isabella de Aubeni soror eius et comitissa de Arundel” as the children of “Johanni de Garrene comiti de Surrey” and his wife Matilda Marshal of the Earls of Pembroke[56]. She is named "Ysabella comitissa Harundolliæ quondam Hugonis comitis Harundelliæ uxor" when Matthew Paris records her foundation of the nunnery of Marham near Lymm[57].

5. NICOLE . The Annales Londonienses name "Mabiliam, Nicholaam, Ceciliam et Isabellam" as the four daughters of "secunda…Mabillia…uxor comitis de Arundelle", specifying that "Nicholaa" married "Rogeri de Someri" and had "filium Radulphum qui mortuus erat ante patrem suum et quatuor filias, Margaretam, Johannam, Elizabetham et Matildam, Margareta nupsit Radulpho de Basset juniori, Johanna nupsit Johanni Lestrange, Elizabetha Waltero de Souli, Matillda Henrico de Erdyntoune"[58]. m as his first wife, ROGER [IV] de Somery of Dudley, Worcestershire, son of RALPH [II] de Somery & his wife Margaret Crassus (-26 Aug 1273 or before). He inherited the manor of Barrow-on-Sour, Leicestershire, on the death of his brother-in-law.

6. CECILY . The Annales Londonienses name "Mabiliam, Nicholaam, Ceciliam et Isabellam" as the four daughters of "secunda…Mabillia…uxor comitis de Arundelle", specifying that "Cecilia" married "Rogero de Monte Alto"[59]. m ROGER de Mohaut [Montalt], son of --- (-28 Jun 1260). He inherited the manor of Kenninghall, Castle of Rising, Norfolk, on the death of his brother-in-law.

B. EARLS of ARUNDEL 1289-1580 (FITZALAN)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

WILLIAM FitzAlan, son of ALAN FitzFlaald & his [second] wife Adeline [Aveline] d'Hesdin (-1160). He founded the Augustinian priory of Haughmond in Shropshire in [1130/38], which became an abbey in 1155[60]. The Gesta Stephani Regis names "Willelmus filius Alani" among the supporters of Empress Matilda in the English civil war[61]. "William Fitz Alan" donated the fishery of Upton-upon-Severn to Haughmond abbey by undated charter, witnessed by "Walter his brother, Christiana his wife…"[62]. A charter of Henry II King of England, dated 1176, recites donations to Haughmond abbey including that of "Willielmus filius Alani" of "terram de Piperinges" previously enjoyed by "Aveline matris ipsius Willielmi filius Alani"[63]. He was Sheriff of Shropshire in 1138[64] and in [1155/56]. The 1156 Pipe Roll records "Wills fili Alani. Redd Comp." in Shropshire[65]. “Ric comes de Arundell et dom de Albo” confirmed donations of property by “bonæ memoriæ Wil. filii Alani antecessoris nostri” to Shrewsbury Abbey by charter dated “die Martiis in festo Annunciationis beatæ Mariæ anno regni regis Edwardi vicesimo”[66]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Willelmo filio Alani i m" in Warwickshire, Leicestershire in [1161/62][67].

m firstly CHRISTIANA, niece of ROBERT FitzRoy Earl of Gloucester, daughter of ---. Orderic Vitalis records that "William fitz Alan castellan and vicecomes of Shrewsbury" married "a niece of Robert Earl of Gloucester"[68]. "William Fitz Alan" donated the fishery of Upton-upon-Severn to Haughmond abbey by undated charter, witnessed by "Walter his brother, Christiana his wife…"[69].

m secondly ([1153/54]) as her first husband, ISABEL de Say, daughter of ELIAS de Say Lord of Clun, Shropshire & his wife --- ([1135/40?]-[1199][70]). A charter of Henry II King of England, dated 1176, recites donations to Haughmond abbey including that of "Willielmus filius Alani" of the church of Stokes with the consent of "Isabelle uxoris sue"[71]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Heiress of the honour of Clun. She married secondly ([1160/66]) as his second wife, Geoffrey de Vere, and thirdly ([1171]) as his first wife, William Boterel [II] of Cornwall. Follow her hyperlink for documents which confirm her three marriages.

William & his first wife had one child:

1. ALAN (-bur Haughmond Abbey). "William Fitz Alan with his wife Dame Christiana" donated land at Hales to Haughmond abbey, for the soul of "their son Alan…[buried] there", by undated charter[72].

William & his [first/second] wife had one child:

2. CHRISTIANA . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by reading several documents together: firstly, under a charter dated [3 Mar/24 Jun] 1170, Henry II King of England authorised deduction from the FitzAlan estates of revenue from the manor of Badminton "which the king had assigned as the marriage portion of William fitz Alan’s daughter"; secondly, Hugh Pantulf donated his rights in the church of Badminton to Lilleshall abbey by charter dated to [1215/18]; thirdly, Hugh Pantulf names his wife "Christiana" in a donation to Shrewsbury abbey[73]. It is assumed that Christiana was William’s daughter by his first marriage because of her name, but this is not beyond all doubt. m (before [3 Mar/24 Jun] 1170) HUGH Pantulf of Wem, son of IVO Pantulf & his [first wife ---] (-before 28 Dec 1224).

William & his second wife had one child:

3. WILLIAM FitzAlan ([1154]-[1210]). Domesday Descendants records that he came of age in 1175[74]. Eyton records that William FitzAlan “had livery of his Shropshire Barony about Midsummer 1175” and, in another book, “had livery of his inheritance in June 1175”[75]. The date suggests that William was his father’s son by his second marriage. This suggestion is confirmed by Eyton indicating that Isabel de Say’s barony of Clun “passed from her to her descendants by the first William fitz Alan”[76]. It is also confirmed by the following document: “Ysabella de Sai, domina de Cluna” donated “ecclesiam Sancti Georgii de Cluna, quæ est de proprio feodo meo et de donatione mea cum omnibus Capellis ad eam pertinentibus [six chapels listed]…cum jure patronatus predictæ ecclesiæ” to Wenlock priory, for the salvation of “domini Willielmi filii Alani [her living son] et mei, et pro anima patris mei et matris meæ”, by undated charter[77]. The same donation was confirmed by charter dated [1205/10] by “Willelmus filius Alani...ex inspectione cartæ...matris meæ Ysabelæ de Say”, witnessed by “Willielmo filio meo, et Johanne fratre ejus...Willielmo de Botterell, et Roberto nepote ejus...”[78]. “Willielmus filius Willielmi filii Alani” donated “villam…Parva Buldewas” to Buildwas Abbey, Shropshire by undated charter, witnessed by “Johannes Extraneus et Wido frater eius, Johannes filius Johannis Extranei, Wido et Hamo filii Widonis Extranei, Thomas filius Roberti filii Noelli…”[79]. A register of Dunstable priory records the death in 1210 of William FitzAlan[80]. Eyton records that Isabel was succeeded in the barony of Clun by her son by her first marriage “William fitz Alan (II)...for about eleven years (1199-1210), which intervened between his mother’s and his own death” and that in 1214 “Clun was in the King’s hands by reason of the minority of William fitz Alan (III)”[81]. m --- de Lacy, daughter of HUGH de Lacy of Ludlow and Ewyas [later Lord of Meath] & his first wife Rohese ---. Her parentage and marriage are referred to by Eyton but he cites no primary source on which this is based[82]. William & his wife had four children:

a) WILLIAM (-[Apr] [1215]). “Willelmus filius Alani...ex inspectione cartæ...matris meæ Ysabelæ de Say” by charter dated [1205/10], witnessed by “Willielmo filio meo, et Johanne fratre ejus...Willielmo de Botterell, et Roberto nepote ejus...”[83]. "William, son of William Fitz Alan" confirmed donations of land at Downton to Haughmond abbey by charter dated to [1210][84]. An undated writ reports the death of "William Fitz Alan" is reported at "Clun in company with his brother John…at Easter last", dated to [1215][85]. m (betrothed Jul 1214) MARY de Erdington, daughter of THOMAS de Erdington & his wife ---. "Thomas de Erdington" purchased the wardship of the FitzAlan estates in early Jul 1214, the marriage of his daughter to the elder son of "the late William FitzAlan" being agreed at the same time[86]. A writ of King Henry III dated 13 Oct 1217 ordered the sheriff of Oxfordshire to give seizing to Thomas de Erdington of the manor of Nortun "which was the dower of his daughter Mary out of the lands of William fitz Alan, late her husband"[87].

b) JOHN FitzAlan (-before 15 Mar 1240). “Willelmus filius Alani...ex inspectione cartæ...matris meæ Ysabelæ de Say” by charter dated [1205/10], witnessed by “Willielmo filio meo, et Johanne fratre ejus...Willielmo de Botterell, et Roberto nepote ejus...”[88]. "William, son of William Fitz Alan" confirmed donations of land at Downton to Haughmond abbey by charter dated to [1210][89]. An undated writ reports the death of "William Fitz Alan" is reported at "Clun in company with his brother John…at Easter last", dated to [1215][90]. m firstly ISABEL d'Aubigny, daughter of WILLIAM Earl of Arundel & his wife Mabel of Chester (-before 1240). The Annales Londonienses name "Mabiliam, Nicholaam, Ceciliam et Isabellam" as the four daughters of "secunda…Mabillia…uxor comitis de Arundelle", specifying that "Isabella" married "Johanni filio Alani"[91]. m secondly HAWISE de Blancminster, daughter of --- (-before 19 Sep 1242). Writs-Close were addressed to the sheriffs of Sussex and elsewhere relative to the assignment of the dower of "Hawyse de Albo Monasterio, widow of John fitz Alan" 15 Mar 1240[92]. Her dower devolved to the estate of her stepson John FitzAlan 19 Sep 1242[93]. John & his first wife had one child:

i) JOHN ([May 1223]-1267 before 10 Nov). The Annales Londonienses name "Johannem" as the son of "Johanni filio Alani" & his wife[94]. He succeeded his father in 1240 as Lord of Clun and Oswestry. The castle of Arundel was awarded to him 27 Nov 1243 as part of the inheritance of his maternal uncle Hugh de Albini Earl of Arundel, but he was never known by the title of Earl of Arundel[95]. m (before 10 Oct 1242) as her first husband, MATILDA de Verdun, daughter of --- (-27 Nov 1283). Two contradictory sources record Matilda’s parentage. The earlier document indicates that she was the daughter of Rohese, daughter of Nicholas de Verdun: “Roes de Verdun” paid the king to avoid demands for money from the executors of the will of “Johis fil Alani”, relating to money owed to “Johi fil pfati Johis qui duxit in ux fil pfate Roes”, dated 10 Oct 1242[96]. If this first document is correct, she was Matilda de Verdun, daughter of Theobald Butler [Le Botiller] & his second wife Rohese de Verdun ([1226/30]-[1243] or 27 Nov 1283. Secondly, a later document names Clementia, wife of Nicholas, as her mother: an undated inquisition (other related inquisitions are dated Feb 1273) after the death of "Robert Waleraund" which records that the deceased held "Stupellaunton [Steeple Lavington, otherwise Market Lavington, Wiltshire]...of the gift of Lady Maud de Albo Monasterio [=“Oswaldestre, which is called Blancmostre”, as recorded in the inquisitions of her son John, see below] sometime the wife of Sir John son of Alan, who had the land in free marriage from Lady Clemence de Verdun her mother"[97]. The original conveyance is recorded in an abstract of the 1269 fine by “Maud Whitechurch” to “Robert Walrond”[98]. If that second document is correct, she was Matilda de Verdun, daughter of Nicholas de Verdun & his wife Clementia le Botiler ([1220/25?]-27 Nov 1283). No document has been found which clarifies which of these two documents is correct, although no primary source has been identified which excludes the possibility of two different persons named Matilda de Verdun, whom John FitzAlan married successively. In that case, the requirement for a Papal dispensation for affinity for the second marriage could have been waived if the earlier commitment was a betrothal which was terminated by death before the marriage was completed. She married secondly ([[1269?]/18 Mar 1272]) Richard de Amundeville. Inquisitions after the death of [her son] "John son of Alan”, who died “Friday before the Annunciation, 56 Hen. III”, record in Sussex “Swaneburn mills in Arundel...Richard de Mandeville and Maud his wife hold ¹/₃ of the mills as dower of the said Maud”[99]. Matilda’s family origin and second marriage are confirmed by Inquisitions "Wednesday after Epiphany 12 Edw I", after the death of "Maud (late) the wife of Richard de Amundevyl alias Lady Maud de Verdun”, which name “Richard son of John (son) of the said Alan age unknown is her next heir...Richard son of Alan aged 18 at the feast of St. Michael last is her next heir”, found that she died “on Saturday after St. Katherine 12 Edw I”[100]. John & his wife had one child:

(a) JOHN (14 Sep 1245-18 Mar 1272, bur Haughmond Abbey, Shropshire). He succeeded his father in 1267 as Lord of Clun and Oswestry, and as owner of the title and honour of the castle of Arundel. Inquisitions after the death of "John son of Alan”, who died “Friday before the Annunciation, 56 Hen. III”, record “Richard son of John of Alan, aged 5 on the day of St. Blaise in the same year, is his heir”, and his numerous properties (including “Oswaldestre, which is called Blancmostre”)[101]. m (before 14 May 1260) as her first husband, ISABEL de Mortimer, daughter of ROGER [IV] de Mortimer of Wigmore & his wife Matilda de Briouse (-after 1300). Hearings following the death of "John son of Alan of Arundel", dated “2 Edw I”, record that "Isabel late the wife of the said John" claimed her dower, naming “Roger de Mortuomari guardian of the said John’s heir”[102]. She married secondly (before 1273) Ralph d'Arderne, and thirdly (Poling, Sussex 2 Sep 1285) Robert de Hastang. John & his wife had two children:

(1) RICHARD (3 Feb 1267-9 Mar 1302, bur Haughmond Abbey, Shropshire). Inquisitions after the death of "John son of Alan”, who died “Friday before the Annunciation, 56 Hen. III”, record “Richard son of John of Alan, aged 5 on the day of St. Blaise in the same year, is his heir”[103]. He was created Earl of Arundel [Sussex] in 1289.

- see below.

(2) MATILDA (-before [1330]). The licence for “Matilda late the wife of Philip Burnel tenant in chief” to marry “Robert de Brus lord of Annandale” is dated 19 Sep 1295[104]. An order dated 13 Oct 1296 relates to a claim by "Robert de Brus earl of Carrick and lord of Annandale and Matill[idis] his wife in a plea of dower"[105]. “Matilda formerly the wife of Philip Burnel” sued “Ralph Springehose” and others for land in Wolverhampton and 26 named tenants in Wolverhampton for a third of their holdings “in that vill as her dower” dated [6 May/1 Jun] 1299[106]. Her third marriage is confirmed by an agreement dated “Saturday before Midsummer 8 Edw II” between “Hugh le Despenser and John de Haudlo” and “Simon Criketot” relating to covenants between Hugh and John and “Dame Maud Burnell now wife of the said Simon” on the marriage of “the said John and Dame Maud Lovel daughter of the said Dame Maud Burnel”[107]. “John de Handlo [Haudlo] and Maud his wife” petitioned for lands, dated to [1330], stating that “Philip Burnel, father of Maud de Handlo, and Maud his wife” were seised of tenements “given in free marriage by Richard Fitz Alan Earl of Arundel, Maud’s brother”, after the death of Maud senior[108]. m firstly PHILIP Burnell of Condover, Holgate, Acton Burnell (Shropshire) and Little Rissington (Gloucestershire)[109], son of --- (-1294, before 3 Jun). He and his wife were ancestors of the Lords Burnell[110]. m secondly (licence 19 Sep 1295, divorced [Oct 1296/May 1299]) as his second wife, ROBERT [VI] de Brus [Lord Brus] Lord of Annandale, son of ROBERT [V] de Brus Lord of Annandale & his first wife Isabel de Clare (Jul 1243-shortly before 4 Apr 1304, bur Abbey of Holm Cultram). m thirdly (before 19 Jun 1316) SIMON Criketot, son of ---.

c) AGNES . King John ordered “Johi Marasc” to value land and income from the estate pf “Willi fil Alani”, for the purposes of revenue which he had granted to “Philipp fil Sim de Kim...i maritag cum Agn filia sua”, dated 23 Nov 1213[111]. “Philippus de Kima” confirmed donations to Bullington priory, Lincolnshire by "avus meus Philippus de Kima", for the soul of "Agnetis sponæ meæ", by undated charter[112]. m ([23 Nov 1213]) PHILIP de Kyme, son of SIMON de Kyme & his wife Rohese --- (-1242).

d) PETRONILLA . Her parentage, marriage and descendants are referred to by Eyton[113]. m (before Apr 1213) WALTER de Dunstanville of Idsall, son of WALTER [III] de Dunstanville & his [second] wife --- (-before 21 Aug 1241).

RICHARD FitzAlan, son of JOHN FitzAlan Lord of Clun and Oswestry & his wife Isabel de Mortimer (3 Feb 1267-9 Mar 1302, bur Haughmond Abbey, Shropshire). Inquisitions after the death of "John son of Alan”, who died “Friday before the Annunciation, 56 Hen. III”, record “Richard son of John of Alan, aged 5 on the day of St. Blaise in the same year, is his heir”[114]. Inquisitions "Wednesday after Epiphany 12 Edw I", after the death of "Maud (late) the wife of Richard de Amundevyl alias Lady Maud de verdun”, name “Richard son of John (son) of the said Alan [no Alan previously mentioned] age unknown is her next heir...Richard son of Alan aged 18 at the feast of St. Michael last is her next heir”[115]. He succeeded his father in 1272 as Lord of Clun and Oswestry, and as owner of the title and honour of the castle of Arundel, and had seisin of his lands 8 Dec 1287. He was created Earl of Arundel [Sussex] in 1289, although this is the last time that the old title Earl of Sussex is heard of[116]. “Ric comes de Arundell et dom de Albo” confirmed donations of property by “bonæ memoriæ Wil. filii Alani antecessoris nostri” to Shrewsbury Abbey by charter dated “die Martiis in festo Annunciationis beatæ Mariæ anno regni regis Edwardi vicesimo”[117].

m (before 1285) ALASIA di Saluzzo, daughter of TOMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Aloisia di Ceva (-25 Sep 1292).

Earl Richard & his wife had three children:

1. EDMUND (1 May 1285-executed Hereford 17 Nov 1326). He succeeded his father in 1302 as Earl of Arundel. He was loyal to King Edward II but was captured in Shropshire by supporters of Queen Isabelle and beheaded without trial, and subsequently attainted whereupon his honours were forfeited[118]. m (1305) ALICE de Warenne, daughter of WILLIAM de Warenne & his wife Joan de Vere of Oxford ([May/Jul 1287]-before 23 May 1338). Earl Edmund & his wife had four children:

a) RICHARD ([1313]-Arundel 24 Jan 1376, bur Lewes Priory, Sussex). He was restored as Earl of Arundel in 1331.

- see below.

b) ALICE (-bur Walden Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Alicia Arundell” as the wife of “Johannes de Boon, comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ” and records that she was buried at Walden[119]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the marriage of “Johannes de Bohun comes”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and “Aliciam filiam domini Edmundi comitis Arundeliæ” after the death of his father, and her burial at Walden[120]. m (Papal dispensation Feb 1325) as his first wife, JOHN de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex & his wife Elizabeth of England (St Clements 23 Nov 1306-Kirkby Thore, co. Westmoreland 20 Jan 1336, bur Stratford Abbey near London).

c) ALINE (-20 Jan 1386). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[121]. m (1338 or before) ROGER Le Strange, son of ROGER Le Strange Lord Strange (of Knokyn) & his first wife Matilda --- ([1326/27]-Keneyleswode [Kenwick’s Wood, Ellesmere parish, Shropshire?] 23 Aug 1382). He succeeded his father in 1349 as Lord Strange (of Knokyn)[122].

d) KATHERINE (-before 23 May 1376, bur Lewes Priory). The will of "Katherine wife of Andrw Peverell Knight", dated 21 Oct 1375, chose burial “in the monastery of Lewes”, and bequeathed property to “Andrew Peverell cousin to my lord...the Earl of Arundel my brother...Richard his son my nephew” and names “Henry Huse late my husband”[123]. m firstly (before 16 Oct 1347) as his second wife, HENRY Husee Lord Husee, son of HENRY Husee Lord Husee & his wife Isabel --- ([1301/02]-1 Jul 1349). m secondly (after 6 Aug 1350) ANDREW Peverell, son of --- (-before 1375).

2. JOHN de Arundel (-after 5 Dec 1375). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[124].

3. ALICE [Alasia] (-7 Feb 1340). Her existence is proved by (1) Inquisitions post mortem which states that the wardship of two parts of a messuage in Upton, Shropshire was "in the hands of Alesia the said Earl's daughter by his gift"[125] and (2) the registers of Chaucombe Priory which note that Alice's brother Edmund Earl of Arundel settled property on her and her husband Stephen de Segrave and also give Alice's date of death[126]. m STEPHEN de Segrave, son of JOHN de Segrave Lord Segrave & his wife Christiane de Plessis (-before 12 Dec 1325, bur Chautcombe Priory). He succeeded his father in [1325] as Lord Segrave.

RICHARD FitzAlan, son of EDMUND FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Alice de Warenne ([1313]-Arundel 24 Jan 1376, bur Lewes Priory, Sussex). His father's assets having been forfeited following his execution in 1326 (for supporting King Edward II against the Queen and Mortimer), Richard FitzAlan's inheritance was restored in 1330 and he succeeded as Earl of Arundel, known as "Copped Hat". He succeeded in 1347 to the estates of the Warenne family, on the death of his uncle John de Warenne Earl of Surrey, although he only assumed the title Earl of Surrey after the death of the deceased Earl's widow Joan in 1361[127]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, chose burial “in...the priory of Lewes near to the tomb of Eleanor of Lancaster my wife” and bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[128]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1375 IX Kal Feb” of “Ricardus comes Arundell”[129].

m firstly (1321, annulled 1344) ISABEL Le Despencer, daughter of HUGH Le Despencer the younger, Lord Le Despencer & his wife Eleanor de Clare of Gloucester ([1312]-). The Chronicle of Lanercost records that "comes Arundeliæ" married "filiam domini Hugonis, junioris"[130].

m secondly (Ditton Church, Stoke Poges, Bucks 5 Feb 1345, Papal dispensation 4 Mar 1345) as her second husband, ELEANOR of Lancaster, widow of JOHN de Beaumont Lord Beaumont, daughter of HENRY Earl of Lancaster & his wife Matilda Chaworth ([1318]-Arundel Castle, Sussex 11 Jan 1372, bur Lewes Priory, Sussex). While her first husband was still alive, and before Earl Richard's annulment of his first marriage, she lived with her future second husband. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, chose burial “in...the priory of Lewes near to the tomb of Eleanor of Lancaster my wife”[131].

Earl Richard & his first wife had two children (bastardised in 1344 on the annulment of their parents’ marriage[132]):

1. EDMUND de Arundel ([1327]-after 1377). m (before Jul 1349) SIBYL de Montagu, daughter WILLIAM de Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his wife Katharine de Grandison . Edmund & his wife had two children:

a) ALICE de Arundel . m LEONARD Carew, son of --- (1342-1370). Ancestors of the Earls of Totnes[133].

b) [134]PHILIPPA de Arundel (-13 Sep 1399). m firstly RICHARD Sergeaux, son of --- (-30 Sep 1393). m secondly ([1396/20 Apr 1399]) as his first wife, JOHN Cornwall, son of JOHN Cornwall & his wife --- [niece of the Duke of Brittany] (born at sea in St Michael's Mount Bay, Cornwall-Ampthill 10/11 Dec 1443, bur Ludgate, cemetery of the Black Friars).

2. MARY [Isabel] (-29 Aug 1396). m JOHN Le Strange Lord Strange (of Blackmere), son of JOHN Le Strange Lord Strange (of Blackmere) & his wife Ankaret Boteler of Wem, Shropshire (Whitchurch [Easter] 1332-12 May 1361).

Earl Richard & his second wife had eight children:

3. EDMUND ([1346]-[1366]).

4. RICHARD (1346-beheaded Cheapside 21 Sep 1397, bur Church of the Augustine Friars, Bread Street, London). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[135]. He succeeded his father 1376 as Earl of Arundel. A member of the Council of Regency on the accession of King Richard II. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, chose burial “in the priory of Lewes”, that “my...wife E...to be conveyed from her present tomb to the said place”, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[136]. He took an active part against the king with the Duke of Gloucester. Despite obtaining a pardon for his political offences in 1394, he was arrested 12 Jul 1397 and found guilty of treason[137]. All his honours were forfeited. m firstly (contract 28 Sep 1359, Papal dispensation Sep 1359) ELIZABETH de Bohun, daughter of WILLIAM de Bohun Earl of Northampton & his wife Elizabeth de Badlesmere (-3 Apr 1385, bur Lewes). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus undecimus et una filia…Elizabetha” as the children of “Willielmus de Bohun”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and his wife “Elizabetham filiam domini Bartholomei de Badlesmere”, adding that Elizabeth married “Richardo filio et hærede [Richardi] comitis Arundeliæ”[138]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, chose burial “in the priory of Lewes”, that “my...wife E...to be conveyed from her present tomb to the said place”[139]. m secondly (15 Aug 1390) as her second husband, PHILIPPA Mortimer, widow of JOHN Hastings Earl of Pembroke, daughter of EDMUND [III] Mortimer Earl of March & his wife Philippa of Clarence (Ludlow Castle, Shropshire 21 Nov 1375-Halnaker, Sussex 24 Sep 1401, bur Boxgrove Priory, near Lewes, Sussex). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey names “Philippa” as daughter of “Edmundo comite Marchiæ et Philippa consorte sua”, adding that she was born “apud Loddelowe XXI Nov 1375”, married “domino Radulpho Hastynges comiti Pembrochiæ, postea Ricardo comiti Arundelliæ et ultimo --- domino St John”[140]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[141]. She married thirdly ([Apr 1398/24 Nov 1399]) as his second wife, Thomas de Poynings Lord St John of Basing. Her third marriage is confirmed by the will of "Thomas Poynings Lord St John", dated 6 Mar 1428, which chose burial “within the quire of the priory of Boxgrave in Sussex on the north part of the tomb of Lady Philippa sometime Countess of Arundel my wife”[142]. Earl Richard & his first wife had seven children:

a) ELEANOR (-1375). m ([28 Oct 1371]) ROBERT de Ufford, son of WILLIAM de Ufford Earl of Suffolk & his first wife Joan Baroness Montagu (-[1 Aug 1375]).

b) ALICE . The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[143]. She is said to have been the mother of Cardinal Beaufort’s supposed illegitimate daughter shown below[144]. If this is correct, the chronology suggests that he would have been considerably younger than her. m (before Mar 1392) JOHN Cherleton Lord Cherleton, son of JOHN Cherleton Lord Cherleton & his wife Joan de Stafford of the Earls of Stafford (25 Apr 1362-Pool Castle 19 Oct 1401). [Mistress of HENRY Beaufort Bishop of Lincoln, son of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his third wife Katharine Swynford née Roët (-Wolvesey Palace, Winchester 11 Apr 1447, bur Winchester Cathedral).]

c) ELIZABETH (before 1375-8 Jul 1425). A manuscript record of the Mowbray family states that “Thomas Mowbray…ducem de Norfolk” married “filiam comitis de Arundell…Elizabetham”[145]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[146]. m firstly (before Dec 1378) WILLIAM de Montagu, son of WILLIAM de Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his second wife Matilda Mohun (-Windsor 6 Aug 1382). m secondly (Jul 1384) as his second wife, THOMAS Mowbray Earl of Nottingham Lord Mowbray, son of JOHN Mowbray Lord Mowbray & his wife Elizabeth de Segrave (22 Mar 1366-Venice 22 Sep 1399, bur Venice, abbey of St George). He was created Duke of Norfolk 29 Sep 1397, and succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk in 1399 on the death of his maternal grandmother. m thirdly (before 19 Aug 1401) ROBERT Goushill of Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire, son of ---. m fourthly (before 3 Jul 1414) GERARD Usflete, son of ---.

d) JOAN (1375-14 Nov 1435, bur Hereford, Black Friars). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[147]. The will of "Joane Beauchamp Lady of Bergavenny", dated 10 Jan 1434, chose burial “in the choir of the Friar Preachers of Hereford in a new tomb by my...sometime husband William Beauchamp”, provided for singing for “...my son Richard Earl of Worcester, Hugh Burnell Knt”, bequeathed property to “James son and heir to the Earl of Osmond...John of Ormond his brother...Thomas Ormond his brother...Elizabeth his sister...”[148]. m WILLIAM Beauchamp Lord of Abergavenny, son of THOMAS de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick & his wife Catherine de Mortimer (-8 May 1411, bur Hereford, Black Friars).

e) RICHARD (-after 4 Mar 1392). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[149].

f) THOMAS (13 Oct 1381-Arundel 13 Oct 1415, bur Arundel). After the death of his father he was the ward of John Holand Duke of Exeter, who had been awarded the castle and honour of Arundel. He was treated badly but escaped to his uncle Thomas, the deposed Archbishop of Canterbury, to Utrecht where they lived in poverty. He helped King Henry IV to acquire the throne in 1400 and was awarded with the restoration of his honours in Oct 1400 when he became Earl of Arundel. The will of "Thomas Earl of Arundel", dated 10 Oct 1415, chose burial “in the quire of the collegitate church of the Holy Trinity at Arundel”[150]. He died of dysentery contracted at the siege of Harfleur[151]. His three surviving sisters, Elizabeth, Joan and Margaret, were his co-heiresses to the estates of the Earldom of Surrey. m (by proxy Lambeth 26 Nov 1405, in person London Apr 1411) as her first husband, dona BRITES de Portugal, illegitimate daughter of dom JOÃO I King of Portugal & his mistress dona Inez Perez Esteves ([1386]-Bordeaux 23 Oct 1439, bur Arundel). She was naturalised in England in 1421 to settle a dispute about her dower[152]. She married secondly (licence 20 Jan 1433) John Holand Earl of Huntingdon, later Duke of Exeter.

g) MARGARET (1382-). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[153]. m ROWLAND Lenthall of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, son of ---.

Earl Richard & his second wife had one child:

h) JOHN ([1394]-after 1397).

5. JOAN ([1347]- 7 Apr 1419, bur Walden Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the marriage of “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” and “dominam Joannam filiam comitis Arundellæ”[154]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus undecimus” married “Johannam filiam Richardi comitis Arundeliæ et de Surreia”[155]. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford, of Essex and of Northampton and Constable of England", dated 12 Dec 1372, proved 15 May 1373, chose burial “in the church of the abbey of Walden”, appointed among his executors “...Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Johanna my...wife...”[156]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[157]. The will of "John de Arundel Knt", dated 26 Nov 1379, bequeathed property to “Eleanor my wife...Joane my daughter...each of my sons and daughters...my brother the Earl of Arundel...the Countess of Hereford my sister”[158]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[159]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “VII Id Apr 1419” of “Johanna filia comitis Arundel” and her burial with her husband at Walden[160]. m (after 9 Sep 1359) HUMPHREY [X] de Bohun, son of WILLIAM de Bohun Earl of Northampton & his wife Elizabeth de Badlesmere (25 Mar 1342-16 Jan 1373, bur Walden Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1360 as Earl of Northampton. He succeeded his uncle in 1361 as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England.

6. ALICE ([1350]-17 Mar 1416). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[161]. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[162]. The will of "Thomas of Holand Earl of Kent and Lord Wake", proved 10 May 1397, bequeathed property to “Alice my wife...Thomas my son”[163]. The will of "Elizabeth Juliers Countess of Kent", dated 20 Apr 1411, proved 29 Jun 1411, chose burial “in the church of the Friars Minors in the city of Winchester in the tomb of John late Earl of Kent late my husband”, bequeathed property to “my...sister Alice Countess of Kent...Joan Countess of Kent”[164]. [165]Betrothed (1354) to EDMUND [III] Mortimer, son of ROGER [VI] Mortimer Earl of March & his wife Philippa de Montagu of Salisbury (Llangoed, Llyswen, Breconshire 1 Feb 1352-Cork, Dominican Friary 27 Dec 1381, bur Cork, Dominican Friary, later transferred to Wigmore). He succeeded his father in 1360 as Earl of March. m (after 10 Apr 1364) THOMAS de Holand Earl of Kent, son of THOMAS de Holand of Broughton, Buckinghamshire & his wife Joan Ctss of Kent ([1350]-25 Apr 1397, bur Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire).

7. JOHN d'Arundel ([1351]-at sea 15/16 Dec 1379, bur Lewes Priory). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[166]. He was summoned to parliament in 1377, whereby he is held to have become Lord Arundel. He was Marshal of England in 1377, and 9 Apr 1378. The will of "John de Arundel Knt", dated 26 Nov 1379, chose burial “in the priory of Lewes”, bequeathed property to “Eleanor my wife...Joane my daughter...each of my sons and daughters...my brother the Earl of Arundel...the Countess of Hereford my sister”[167]. He was drowned in the Irish Sea, having been shipwrecked after defeating the French fleet off the coast of Cornwall[168]. m (17 Feb 1359) as her first husband, ELEANOR Baroness Mautravers, daughter of JOHN Mautravers & his wife Gwenthlian --- ([1345]-10 Jan 1405, bur [Lewes Priory]). She was declared co-heiress (eventually sole heiress) of her grandfather Lord Mautravers 16 Feb 1365. The will of "John de Arundel Knt", dated 26 Nov 1379, bequeathed property to “Eleanor my wife...Joane my daughter...each of my sons and daughters...my brother the Earl of Arundel...the Countess of Hereford my sister”[169]. She married secondly (dispensation 9 Sep 1384) as his second wife, Reynold Cobham Lord Cobham. John & his wife had six children:

a) JOHN d'Arundel (30 Nov 1364-14 Aug 1390, bur Missenden Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1379 as Lord Arundel, but was never summoned to parliament[170]. m (before 1387) as her first husband, ELIZABETH Le Despencer, daughter of EDWARD Le Despencer Lord Despencer & his wife Elizabeth Burghersh (-10/11 Apr 1408, bur Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Cecilia…Elizabeth…Annam…et Margaretam” as the four daughters of “Edwardus…secundus, filius…Edwardi” and his wife, born after their two older brothers, adding that Elizabeth was “dominam de la Sowch et relictam domini Johannis de Arundell”[171]. She married secondly William La Zouche Lord Zouche of Haryngworth. The will of "Elizabeth Lady Zouche", dated 4 Apr 1408, chose burial “in the abbey of Tewkesbury where the bodies of my brothers are buried”, bequeathed property to “Edmund and Thomas my sons”[172]. John & his wife had three children:

i) JOHN d'Arundel (Ditton Manor, Stoke Pogis, Buckinghamshire 1 Aug 1385-21 Apr 1421, bur Arundel). He succeeded his paternal grandmother in 1405 as Lord Mautravers. He succeeded in 1415 as Earl of Arundel.

- see below.

ii) EDMUND .

iii) THOMAS FitzAlan of Beechwood . m ---. The name of Thomas’s wife is not known. Thomas & his wife had one child:

(a) ELEANOR . m THOMAS Browne, son of ---. Treasurer of the household of King Henry V.

b) WILLIAM (-after 5 Dec 1375). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[173].

c) HENRY (-after 5 Dec 1375). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[174].

d) EDWARD (-after 5 Dec 1375). The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[175].

e) MARGARET (-3 Jul 1438). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Rievall Abbey records that “Willielmus de Roos” married “Margaretam filiam domini Johannis de Arundell”, by whom he was father of “Johannem, Willielmum, Thomam, Robertum et Ricardum, Beatricem, Aliciam, Margaretam et Elizabetham”, and that he died “apud Belverum 1 Sep 1414” where he was buried[176]. m (licence 9 Oct 1394) WILLIAM de Ros Lord Ros, son of THOMAS de Ros Lord Ros & his wife Beatrice de Stafford of the Earls of Stafford ([1368/69]-Belvoir 1 Sep 1414, bur Belvoir Priory).

f) JOAN (-after 26 Nov 1379). The will of "John de Arundel Knt", dated 26 Nov 1379, bequeathed property to “Eleanor my wife...Joane my daughter...each of my sons and daughters...my brother the Earl of Arundel...the Countess of Hereford my sister”[177].

8. THOMAS (1353-1414). Bishop of Ely 1373. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 5 Dec 1375, bequeathed property to “Richard my son...my son Thomas Bishop of Ely...John my son...Joane my daughter [...Countess of Hereford]...Alice my daughter...the eldest daughter of my said son John...Henry and Edward the younger sons of my said son John...William another son of my said son John...my nephews and nieces sons and daughters of Roger le Strange and to my sister Dame Alaine le Strange wife to the said Roger...my...uncle John Arundell”[178]. Chancellor 1386-1388 and 1391-1396. Archbishop of York 1388. The will of "Richard Earl of Arundel and Surrey", dated 4 Mar 1392, bequeathed property to “my...wife Philippa...hangings of the hall...with the arms of my sons the Earl Marshal, Lord Charlton and Monsr William Beauchamp...my sons Richard and Thomas...my daughter Charlton...my daughter Elizabeth...my daughter Mareschal...my daughter Margaret...my brother the Archbishop of York...my...sister of Hereford...my...sister of Kent...my mother of Norfolk...my...niece of Gloucester”[179]. Archbishop of Canterbury 1396.

9. MARY .

10. ELEANOR ([1354/56]-before 1366).

JOHN d'Arundel, son of JOHN d'Arundel & his wife Elizabeth le Despencer (Ditton Manor, Stoke Pogis, Buckinghamshire 1 Aug 1385-21 Apr 1421, bur Arundel). He succeeded his paternal grandmother in 1405 as Lord Mautravers. He succeeded in 1415 as Earl of Arundel, and was summoned to parliament as such 3 Sep 1416 though not thereafter, probably because of the opposition of the Mowbray family who shared the inheritance of the late Earl through his older sister Elizabeth, widow of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk[180].

m (before 1407) as her first husband, ELEANOR Berkeley, daughter of JOHN Berkeley of Beverstone, Gloucestershire & his first wife Elizabeth Betteshorne of Betteshorne in Sopley, Hampshire (-Aug 1455, bur Arundel). She married secondly ([1423]) Richard Poynings, and thirdly (before 8 May 1439) Walter Hungerford Lord Hungerford. The will of "Eleanor Countess of Arundel and Lady Maltravers", dated 20 Jul 1455, proved 23 Aug 1455, chose burial “with my late husband John Earl of Arundel”, bequeathed property to “William Earl of Arundel my son...Joane Countess of Arundel...Lady Eleanor Percy my daughter...a bason of silver with the arms of the Lord Poynings and of John Berkley Knight my father...Lady Dudley my sister...Lady Margaret the wife of Lord Hungerford...Robert Hungerford Knight, Lord Molins, now a prisoner in France...Morice Berkley Knight my brother...Ann wife of the said Maurice...Edward Berkley another of the sons of my said brother Maurice...William Gurney and Agnes his wife”[181].

Earl John & his wife had two children:

1. JOHN d'Arundel (Lytchett Mautravers, Dorset 14 Feb 1408-Beauvais 12 Jun 1435, bur Beauvais, Grey Friars, transferred 15 Feb 1436 to Arundel). His claim to the earldom of Arundel was not recognised, but he was summoned to parliament 12 Jul 1429 whereby he is held to have become Lord Arundel. His petition for recognition as Earl of Arundel, by tenure of the castle of Arundel, was allowed in Nov 1433 but he was never afterwards summoned to parliament either as Earl or as Lord Arundel. He was created Duc de Touraine in 1434 by John Duke of Bedford, Regent of France. He died after the siege of Gerberoy near Beauvais[182]. [183]m firstly CONSTANCE Cornwall, daughter of JOHN Cornwall Lord Fanhope & his second wife Elizabeth of Lancaster (after 1401-before 1429). m secondly (before 1429) as her second husband, MATILDA Lovell, widow of RICHARD Stafford, daughter of ROBERT Lovell & his wife Elizabeth de Bryene (-19 May 1436, bur Abbotsbury Abbey). The will of "Maud wife of John late Earl of Arundel", dated 11 May 1436, proved 25 Oct 1436, chose burial “in the chapel of St anne within the abbey of Abbotsbury”, bequeathed property to “Humphrey my son...Amicia my daughter” and appointed “Elizabeth Lovell my mother and Humphrey Stafford my father” as executors[184]. Earl John & his second wife had one child:

a) HUMPHREY FitzAlan (30 Jan 1429-24 Apr 1438). He succeeded his father in 1435 as Earl of Arundel, Duc de Touraine. The will of "Maud wife of John late Earl of Arundel", dated 11 May 1436, proved 25 Oct 1436, bequeathed property to “Humphrey my son...Amicia my daughter”[185].

2. WILLIAM FitzAlan (23 Nov 1417-1487, bur Arundel). He succeeded his nephew in 1438 as Earl of Arundel, and was summoned to parliament as such 3 Dec 1441. The will of "Eleanor Countess of Arundel and Lady Maltravers", dated 20 Jul 1455, proved 23 Aug 1455, bequeathed property to “William Earl of Arundel my son...Joane Countess of Arundel...Lady Eleanor Percy my daughter...a bason of silver with the arms of the Lord Poynings and of John Berkley Knight my father...Lady Dudley my sister...Lady Margaret the wife of Lord Hungerford...Robert Hungerford Knight, Lord Molins, now a prisoner in France...Morice Berkley Knight my brother...Ann wife of the said Maurice...Edward Berkley another of the sons of my said brother Maurice...William Gurney and Agnes his wife”[186]. m (after 17 Aug 1438) JOAN Neville, daughter of RICHARD Neville Earl of Salisbury & his wife Alice Ctss of Salisbury (-before 9 Sep 1462, bur Arundel). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Jane C’tess of Arundel" as daughter of "Richard Earl of Salisbury" and mother of "Thos. Earl of Arundel that now is, John of Arundel Knt"[187]. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[188]. Earl William & his wife had five children:

a) THOMAS FitzAlan (1450-Downly Park, Singleton, Sussex 25 Oct 1524, bur Arundel). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Jane C’tess of Arundel" as daughter of "Richard Earl of Salisbury" and mother of "Thos. Earl of Arundel that now is, John of Arundel Knt"[189]. He was summoned to parliament in 1471 as Lord Mautravers, and in 1482 as Lord Arundel de Mautravers[190]. He succeeded his father in 1487 as Earl of Arundel. m (Reading Oct 1464) MARGARET Wydeville, daughter of RICHARD Wydeville Earl Rivers & his wife Jacqueline de Luxembourg ([1439]-before 6 Mar 1491, bur Arundel). The Annales of William Wyrcester record the marriage Oct 1464 “apud Radingiam” of “dominum Matreves filium et hæredum comitis Arundelliæ” and “Margaretam sororem reginæ Elizabethæ”[191]. Earl Thomas & his wife had four children:

i) WILLIAM FitzAlan ([1475/76]-23 Jan 1544, bur Arundel). He succeeded his father in 1524 as Earl of Arundel. m firstly ELIZABETH Willoughby, daughter of ROBERT Willoughby Lord Willoughby de Broke. m secondly (15 Feb 1511) ANNE Percy, daughter of HENRY Percy Earl of Northumberland & his wife Matilda Herbert of Pembroke (before 27 Jul 1485-[4 Mar/14 Dec] 1552). Earl William & his first wife had two children:

(a) MARGARET .

(b) ELIZABETH .

Earl William & his second wife had three children:

(c) HENRY FitzAlan (23 Apr 1512-Arundel House, Strand, London 24 Feb 1580, bur Arundel). He was summoned to parliament 5 Feb 1533 as Lord Mautravers. He succeeded his father in 1544 as Earl of Arundel. He was imprisoned in the Tower from 8 Nov 1551 to 3 Dec 1552 through the hostility of the Duke of Northumberland, but after his release he took his revenge by arresting the Duke after betraying to Queen Mary the plot to install Lady Jane Grey as Queen. He resigned all his offices in 1564 after failing in his plan to marry Queen Elizabeth[192]. m firstly CATHERINE Grey, daughter of THOMAS Grey Marquess of Dorset & his second wife Margaret Medley née Wotton (-1 May 1542). m secondly (licence 6 Sep 1545, 19 Dec 1545) as her second husband, MARY Arundell, widow of ROBERT Radclyffe Earl of Sussex, daughter of JOHN Arundell of Lanherne, Cornwall & his second wife Katherine Grenville of Stow, Devon (-Arundel House, Strand, London 20 Oct 1557, bur London, St Clement Danes). Earl Henry & his first wife had three children:

(1) JANE (-1576). m as his first wife, JOHN Lumley Baron Lumley, son of GEORGE Lumley & his wife Jane Knightley of Upton, Northants ([1533]-St Olave’s, Hart Street, Tower Hill 11 Apr 1609, bur Cheam).

(2) HENRY FitzAlan (1538-Brussels 30 Jun 1556, bur Brussels Cathedral). He was styled Lord Mautravers. He was ambassador to the king of Bohemia in 1556, where he caught a fever[193]. m (licence 12 Apr 1555) as her second husband, ANN Wentworth, widow of HUGH Rich, daughter of JOHN Wentworth of Gosfield, Essex (-bur 10 Jan 1581 Gosfield, Essex). She married thirdly ([1573/80]) as his first wife, William Deane.

(3) MARY (1540-Arundel House, Strand, London 25 Aug 1557, bur London, St Clement Danes). m as his first wife, THOMAS Howard Duke of Norfolk, son of HENRY Howard Earl of Sussex & his wife Frances Vere of Oxford (10 Mar 1538-executed Tower Hill 2 Jun 1572, bur The Tower chapel).

(d) KATHERINE (-after 1552). m (before 1530, repudiated before May 1533) as his first wife, HENRY Grey, son of THOMAS Grey Marquess of Dorset & his second wife Margaret Medley née Wotton (17 Jan 1517-executed Tower Hill 23 Feb 1554, bur Royal Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London). He succeeded his father in 1530 as Marquess of Dorset. He was created Duke of Suffolk in 1551. He was attainted for treason for his involvement in Wyatt’s rebellion against Queen Mary I and forfeited his titles and estates.

(e) daughter .

ii) EDWARD .

iii) MARGARET (-after 1493). m JOHN de la Pole Earl of Lincoln, son of JOHN de la Pole Duke of Suffolk & his second wife Elizabeth of York ([1462]-killed in battle Stoke 16 Jun 1487).

iv) JOAN (-14 Nov ----). m as his first wife, GEORGE Neville Lord Abergavenny, son of GEORGE Neville Lord Abergavenny & his first wife Margaret Fenne of Sculton Burdeleys, Norfolk ([1473/74]-1535, bur Birling).

b) WILLIAM .

c) GEORGE .

d) JOHN . A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Jane C’tess of Arundel" as daughter of "Richard Earl of Salisbury" and mother of "Thos. Earl of Arundel that now is, John of Arundel Knt"[194].

e) MARY .

Chapter 2. EARLS of CORNWALL

Renaud, illegitimate son of King Henry I, was created Earl of Cornwall by his half-sister Empress Matilda in 1141. His title was later fully recognised by King Stephen. On the death of his son John after 1175, the title was not inherited by the families of any of his sisters but reverted to the crown. The title was revived in 1227 in favour of Richard, younger brother of King Henry III, but became extinct on the death in 1300 of his son Edmund Earl of Cornwall. King Edward II appointed his favourite Piers Gaveston as Earl of Cornwall in 1307, but the title reverted to the crown once more when he was executed in 1312. Thereafter, the title was used exclusively by members of the royal family, and since 1399 has been used exclusively by the oldest son of the monarch.

A. EARL of CORNWALL 1141-1175

RENAUD [de Dunstanville], illegitimate son of HENRY I King of England & his mistress Sibyl Corbet ([1110/15]-Chertsey, Surrey 1 Jul [1175], bur Reading Abbey). He is named as son of King Henry by Orderic Vitalis[195]. The Chronicle of Gervase names "fratre suo Reginaldo comite Cornubiæ" as one of the main supporters of Matilda[196]. The Complete Peerage deduces his mother’s identity from the charter under which "Reginaldus, Henrici Regis filius, comes Cornubiæ" granted property to "Willielmo de Boterell, filio Aliziæ Corbet, materteræ meæ" which he had granted to "Willielmo de Boterells in Cornubia, patri…predicti Willielmi" on his marriage, witnessed by "Nicholao filio meo…Herberto filio Herberti, Baldwino et Ricardo nepotibus meis, Willelmo de Vernun, Willielmo fratre meo…Hugone de Dunstanvill…"[197]. His birth date range is estimated on the basis of his marriage in [1141]. According to Domesday Descendants[198], the label "de Dunstanville" was attributed to him only by Orderic Vitalis. He inherited large areas of land in Cornwall, by right of his wife, on his marriage and was created Earl of Cornwall in [Apr 1141] by his half-sister Empress Matilda, after successfully leading a rebellion in her favour in the West Country[199]. The title was later fully recognised by King Stephen. Earl Renaud was a witness to the treaty between King Stephen and Henry Plantagenet in 1153[200]. Sheriff of Devon 1173-1175. "Reginaldus, Henrici Regis filius, comes Cornubiæ" granted property to "Willielmo de Boterell, filio Aliziæ Corbet, materteræ meæ" which he had granted to "Willielmo de Boterells in Cornubia, patri…predicti Willielmi" on his marriage, by charter dated to [1163/75], witnessed by "Nicholao filio meo…Herberto filio Herberti, Baldwino et Ricardo nepotibus meis, Willelmo de Vernun, Willielmo fratre meo…Hugone de Dunstanvill…"[201]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the death "mense Decembrio 1175" of "Reginaldus comes Cornubiæ regi Henrici secundi avunculus" and his burial at Reading[202]. Benedict of Peterborough records the death "Paulo ante Natale Domini" of "Reginaldus comes Cornubiæ avunculus regis Angliæ" at "Certesam" and his burial at "Rediggas"[203]. It is uncertain whether the year is accurate as the 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "comes Reginaldus…de militibus suis de Cornubia et Deuonia" in Devonshire[204].

m ([1141]) BEATRICE FitzWilliam, daughter & heiress of WILLIAM FitzRichard FitzTurold Lord of Cardinham, Cornwall & his wife ---. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Willelmus filius Ricardi…[in] comitatus Cornubiensis" rebelled against King Stephen and married "filiam suam" to "Reinaldo filio regis Henrici", dated to [1140/42][205]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. She is called Mabilia in Domesday Descendants[206].

Mistress (1): BEATRICE de Valle, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and relationship with Earl Renaud has not been identified. The Complete Peerage states that Dugdale "calls her Beatrice de Valle, says she was the mistress of Rainald Earl of Cornwall" and later the wife of William de Briwere, but does not cite a primary source on which this information is based[207]. The chronology does not appear to favour the subsequent marriage of the mistress of Earl Renaud to William de Briwere. The marriages of the latter’s children are recorded in the first decade of the 13th century, their births being therefore estimated to [1180/1195]. Even if Earl Renaud’s mistress gave birth to the earl’s illegitimate son in the last decade of his life (when he would have been in his sixties), it is unlikely that she could have continued bearing children into the mid-1190s.

Renaud Earl of Cornwall & his wife had [seven] children:

1. NICHOLAS of Cornwall (-1175 before 1 Jul). "Nicholao filio meo…" witnessed the charter dated to [1163/75] by which "Reginaldus, Henrici Regis filius, comes Cornubiæ" granted property to "Willielmo de Boterell, filio Aliziæ Corbet, materteræ meæ"[208].

2. JOHN of Cornwall (-after 1 Jul 1175). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1175 of "Raginaldus comes Cornubiæ prioris Henrici regis filius naturalis" and the succession of "Johannis filii sui iunioris"[209]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Cornwall. Presumably he died soon after succeeding as no other reference to him has so far been found. On his death, the earldom reverted to the crown.

3. EMMA of Cornwall (-1208 or after, bur Abbaye de Clermont). "Guido Lavallensis dominus" relinquished the parish of la Gravelle to Marmoutier, with the advice of "fratris mei Hamonis, et uxoris mee Agathe et filiorum meorum Guidonis atque Sicilie", by charter dated to [1142/85][210]. "Agathe" in this document is an error for "Emma", as shown by the charter dated 1208 under which "Guido sextus dominus Lavallensis" ratified a donation by "patris mei" to the canons of "castellilo Lavallensi", witnessed by "…Emma matre mea, Hayoisia uxore mea…"[211]. "…Emme uxoris mee" consented to the donation by "Guido de Lavalle" to Sainte-Trinité de Fougères by charter dated 1180[212]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. m GUY [IV] Seigneur de Laval, son of GUY [III] Seigneur de Laval & his wife Emma --- (-[18 Dec 1180/1185], bur Abbaye de Clermont).

4. DENISE of Cornwall (-after Apr 1162, bur Christ Church, Twynham). Robert of Torigny records the wife of "Richardus de Revers dominus insula Vectæ in Anglia" as "filia Rainaldi comitis Cornubiæ" but does not name her[213]. “Ricardus comes Devoniæ” donated property to Exeter St James, for the soul of “uxoris meæ Dionisiæ…”, by charter dated 1157[214]. m ([1150]) RICHARD de Reviers, son of BALDWIN de Reviers Earl of Devon & his wife Adelise --- ([1115/30]-21 or 27 Apr 1162, bur Christ Church, Twynham). He succeeded his father in 1155 as Earl of Devon, Lord of the Isle of Wight.

5. MATILDA of Cornwall (-[1216/12 Feb 1221]). Robert of Torigny records the marriage of "filius eius [Gualeranni comitis Mellenti] Robertus" and "filiam Rainaldi comitis Cornubiensis" but does not name her[215]. Letters dated 25 Oct 1212 record that King John ordered a pension payable to “Matildis comtesse de Meulan”[216]. Stapleton says that Matilda "survived through the whole reign of King John and held, of the inheritance of her father...two manors in [Cornwall]...St. Clement’s, otherwise Moris, and Rillaton in the parish of Stoke Climsland", which after her death were granted by King Henry III to "his favourite Falcasius de Breauté" 12 Feb 1221[217]. m ([1165]) ROBERT [II] Comte de Meulan, son of WALERAN de Beaumont[-le-Roger] Comte de Meulan [previously Earl of Worcester] & his wife Agnes de Montfort ([1142/43?]-[16 Aug or 20 Sep] 1208, bur Préaux).

6. SARAH of Cornwall (-1216, bur Saint-Yrieux de la Perche). The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that Henry II King of England arranged the marriage of "Ademarum" and "consanguineam suam Sarram filiam Roberti Comitis de Glocestria"[218], although it is difficult chronologically for Sarah to have been the daughter of Earl Robert. Her paternity is clarified in a later passage of the Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis which records that Henry II King of England returned his territories to Adémar and arranged his marriage to "Sara una ex tribus filiabus Rainaldi Comitis de Cornouailla"[219]. King John ordered the bishop of Winchester to grant “medietate manerii de Thiwernehy...in Cornub, sic eam habuit tempre H Reg patris nostro de dono suo in maritagium cum Vic Limovic” to “Sarre matris Vicecom Limovic filie Com Regin de Cornub”, dated 27 Aug 1214[220]. The Chronicon Bernardi Iterii records the death in 1216 of "Sarra vicecomitissa"[221]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the death "anno 1216" of "Sara" and her burial "in festo S. Columbani…apud S. Aredium"[222]. m (Bordeaux [1154/56]) ADEMAR [V] Vicomte de Limoges, son of ADEMAR [IV] Vicomte de Limoges & his wife Marguerite de Turenne (-1199 after Jul).

7. [URSULA . Her parentage and marriage are included in a manuscript pedigree of Dunstanville, probably dated to [1461/1509], based on an alleged mandate of King John which asserts that in [1196/97] "Reginald late Earl of Cornwall…acknowledged that a moiety of the manor of Colern and a third part of the manor of Addersley" in Wiltshire "were the right of Walter de Dunstanville and Ursula his wife, daughter of the said earl, father and mother of Walter de Dunstanville now living"[223]. Eyton highlights that the document does not exist on any of the surviving rolls of King John and describes it as "a detestable forgery", pointing out that Renaud Earl of Cornwall died in 1175. m [as his first wife,] WALTER [II] de Dunstanville, son of ALAN [II] de Dunstanville & his wife --- (-[1195]).]

Renaud Earl of Cornwall had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

8. HENRY FitzCount (-on crusade 1222). The 1194/95 Pipe Roll records "Henrico f comitis…in Cassewelle et Depeford" in Devonshire[224]. Constable of Totnes Castle 1209, Governor of Porchester Castle 1211. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Henricus filius comitis" holding one half of one knight’s fee in Cornwall, and one in Devonshire and 16 "de honore Braynes" in Devonshire, in [1210/12][225]. Sheriff of Cornwall, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stannaries 1215. He was granted the county of Cornwall by King John in 1215, but not the title of Earl. Henry III King of England granted land in Cornwall held by "Reginaldus comes Cornubie pater suus" to "Henrico filio Comitis" dated 7 Feb 1217[226]. He resigned the county in 1220 when he left on crusade[227].

Renaud Earl of Cornwall had [one illegitimate child] by an unknown mistress:

9. [NICHOLAS (-after 1194). The 1194/95 Pipe Roll records "Nicholaus f comitis" in Dorset & Somerset[228]. The fact that Renaud Earl of Cornwall had a legitimate son named Nicholas suggests that "comitis" who was the father of this Nicholas may also have been Earl Renaud.]

B. EARLS of CORNWALL 1227-1300

RICHARD, son of JOHN King of England & his second wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (Winchester Castle 5 Jan 1209-Berkhamstead Castle, Herts 2 Apr 1272, bur Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire). The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the birth in 1209 of "Ricardus secundus filius regis"[229]. Matthew Paris records that "Isabel Anglorum regina" gave birth in 1208 to “Johanni regi filium legitimum...Ricardum”[230]. He was designated Comte de Ponthieu before 14 Aug 1225. Created Earl of Cornwall 30 May 1227. In 1236, he was suggested as intermediary to negotiate an Anglo/imperial alliance proposed by Emperor Friedrich II but did not take up the post[231]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "Ricardus comes Cornubiæ frater Henrici regis Angliæ" went to Jerusalem in [1239][232]. Implementing a crusading vow taken in 1236, Richard arrived at Acre in Palestine 11 Oct 1240, re-established some order in the kingdom of Jerusalem, and left in May 1241[233]. He renounced the county of Ponthieu in Dec 1243. Richard was one of the proposed candidates to replace Heinrich Raspe as anti-king of Germany in 1247, and in 1250 may have been offered the Sicilian crown by Pope Innocent IV[234]. According to Matthew Paris, he refused the kingdom of Sicily on the Pope's terms, after which the Pope offered it to King Henry who accepted it on behalf of his son Edmund[235]. In Dec 1256, Richard was offered the German crown by the archbishops of Köln and Mainz to whom promises of payment of 8,000 marks had each been made, supported by Ludwig II Duke of Bavaria, who was betrothed to the daughter of King Henry III with a dowry of 12,000 marks, and subsequently by Otakar II King of Bohemia[236]. Richard accepted the offer before the English parliament, and sailed for Germany. The offer was confirmed by a limited election outside Frankfurt 13 Jan 1257, entry into the city being barred by Arnold Archbishop of Trier[237]. He was crowned RICHARD King of Germany on 17 May 1257 at Aachen Cathedral with his wife[238]. Although his rival Alfonso X King of Castile had initially enjoyed the support of France and the Pope, King Henry III's peaceful settlement with Louis IX King of France in Jan 1257 provided the basis for Pope Alexander IV to modify his own position and on 30 Apr 1259 he secretly invited Richard to Rome for his imperial coronation, although Richard was unable to leave England because of the deteriorating relations with the barons[239]. He was elected Roman senator in Apr 1261, with the support particularly of cardinals John of Toledo and Ottobono Fieschi[240]. Pope Urban IV was less sympathetic to his cause, obtaining a more powerful military ally to protect his position in Italy in Charles Comte d'Anjou. The dispute was unresolved by the Papal Bull Qui Cœlum dated 27 Aug 1263 which found that both candidates for the German throne were king-elect. However, in 1266 Pope Clement IV appears to have favoured Richard's candidacy over a possible election of Konradin. After the latter's execution in 1268, Friedrich von Meissen emerged as a new possible candidate for the German throne and Richard renewed his efforts to increase his authority in Germany, in particular by his third marriage to a relative of Engelbert Archbishop of Köln[241]. Richard suffered an apoplectic stroke in [Oct] 1271 which paralysed his left side and affected the balance of his mind[242]. The Annales Halesiensibus record the death "1272 Berhamstede IV Non Apr" of "rex Ricardus Alemanie" and his burial "apud Heles"[243]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "IV Non Apr apud Berhamstede" [1272] of "Ricardus Alemannia rex" and his burial "apud monasterium de Hayles" which he had founded[244]. A writ dated 5 Apr "56 Hen III", after the death of "Richard king of Almain", records "Edmund his son, aged 22 on the day of St Stephen last, is his heir"[245].

m firstly (Fawley, Buckinghamshire 13 or 30 Mar 1231) as her second husband, ISABEL Marshal, widow of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, daughter of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabella de Clare (Pembroke Castle 9 Oct 1200-Berkhamstead Castle, Hertfordshire 15 or 17 Jan 1240, bur Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “III Kal Apr…apud Falle juxta Merlawe” in 1231 of “Ysabel comitissa Gloucestriæ” and “Ricardo comiti Cornubiæ, fratri Henrici regis Angliæ”[246]. Her (second) marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who names her "Ysabellam comitissam Gloverniæ" sister of William Marshall Earl of Pembroke, specifying that the marriage took place in April[247]. The Annales Cambriæ record the marriage in 1231 of "Ricardus comes Cornubiæ" and "Isabellam cometissam Gloucestriæ"[248]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1231 of "Ricardus frater regis" and "Isabellam comitissam Gloverniæ, relictam Gileberti de Clare"[249]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1240 of "comitissa Gloverniæ uxor comitis Ricardi" in childbirth[250]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “XVI Kal Feb…apud Berkhamstede” in 1239 of “Isabella comitissa Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ, Cornubiæ et Pictaviæ” and her burial “apud Bellum Locum Cisterciensis ordinis”[251]. Matthew Paris records that she died of jaundice contracted in childbirth[252].

m secondly (Contract 17 Jul 1242, Westminster Abbey 23 Nov 1243) SANCHA de Provence, daughter of RAYMOND BERENGER IV Comte de Provence & his wife Béatrice de Savoie (Aix-en-Provence [1225]-Berkhamstead Castle, Buckinghamshire 5 or 9 Nov 1261, bur Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire). "Petrus de Sabaudia" acted as proxy for the marriage of "Richardo comite Cornubie" and "Sanccie filie…Raimundi Berengarii comitis provincie", recorded in a charter dated 17 Jul 1242[253]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "die Sanctæ Ciciliæ" in 1243 of "Ricardus frater regis" and "Beatrix uxor comitis Provinciæ…filiam suam Cyntiam"[254]. The marriage is recorded and dated by Matthew Paris, who confirms the bride’s parentage [255]. She was crowned Queen of Germany with her husband 17 May 1257 at Aachen Cathedral[256]. The Annales Halesiensibus record the death "1261 V Id Nov…apud Berhamstede" of "Sanchia regina Alemannie" and her burial "apud Heiles"[257]. The Annals of Osney record the death “die Mercurii proximo ante festum beati Martini apud Berchamstede” in 1261 of “Schenchia regina Alemanniæ, soror Elianoræ reginæ Angliæ” and her burial “ad domum de Hayles”[258].

m thirdly (Kaiserslauten Stiftskirche 16 Jun 1269) BEATRIX [van Valkenburg], daughter of [DIRK [II] Heer van Valkenburg & his first wife Bertha van Limburg] (-17 Oct 1277, bur Oxford, church of the Franciscan Friars Minor). The Annales Halesiensibus record the marriage in 1267 of "rex Riccardus Alemannie" and "Beatricem cuius avunculus fuit archiepiscopus Colonie"[259]. The same relationship is hinted by the charter dated 13 Sep 1271 in which "Richardus…romanorum rex" refers to "E. Coloniensi archiepiscopi" as "affinis nostri"[260]. The primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has not been identified, although the reference to "Falkestan" (presumably in error for Valkenburg/Falkenburg) in the record of her death quoted below suggests that she must have been the daughter of Dietrich [II] von Valkenburg if Engelbert Archbishop of Köln was her uncle. If this is correct, the date of her marriage suggests that she was the daughter of Dietrich [II]’s first wife, but this is not without doubt as other primary sources show marriages celebrated when the bride was aged 12 at that time. This marriage was arranged to bolster Richard's support in Germany, through the bride's influential uncle Engelbert Archbishop of Köln[261]. The Annals of Osney record the death “in vigilia Sancti Lucæ Evangelistæ” in 1277 of “Beatrix de Falkestan, regina Alemanniæ, uxor regis Ricardi” and her burial “in ecclesia fratrum Minorum Oxoniæ”[262].

Mistress (1): [JOANNA [de Vautort], daughter of ---. Joanna is named in many secondary sources as Richard’s mistress, but the primary source which confirms the information has not been identified. It may be based on the following passage from Collections towards a description of the county of Devon, written by Sir William Pole (an early 17th century antiquary) which indicates (“(as it is probable)”, he says) that Joanna ---, widow of Ralph [IV] de Vautort, daughter of --- was his mistress (presumably between the death of her first husband and her second marriage, if the indication is correct): Pole records that “Sr Roger de Valletort [Roger [IV] de Vautort, see below]” conveyed “Modbiry […Ermington Hundred]” to “Sr Alexander de Okeston, which had married Jone, the widowe of Raph de Valletort, which woman (as it is probable) was the concubine of Richard Erle of Cornwall”, adding that “they [=Joanna and Alexander] had issue Sr. James de Okeston, which died without issue; with commandement of King Ed. 2, [hee, i.e. James] conveyed Modbiry, & all other lands formerly granted unto his father by Roger de Valletort unto Sr Richard Chambernon, which was sonne of Richard Champernon, & Jone, daughter of Jone before mentioned, whom Edmond Erle of Cornwall [Edmund, son of Richard Earl of Cornwall] calleth by the name of his sister, in a grant made by hym unto the said Richard & Jone…dated anno 12 of Kinge Edw I [20 Nov 1283/19 Nov 1284]” (no source citations)[263]. If Pole’s report is factually correct, the simplest explanation for Earl Edmund calling the younger Joanna “his sister” is that her mother, the older Joanna, had been his father’s mistress. However, no earlier source has been identified which confirms the information: in particular, the supposed 1283/84 grant has not been found (if it ever existed). Until more information comes to light, Pole’s report should be treated with some caution.]

[Mistress (2): ---. The name of Earl Richard’s second possible mistress is not known.]

Mistress (2): ---. The name of Earl Richard’s second mistress is not known.

Earl Richard & his first wife had four children:

1. JOHN (Marlow, Buckinghamshire 31 Jan 1232-Marlow, Buckinghamshire 22/23 Sep 1232, bur Reading Abbey). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “II Kal Feb” in 1231 of “Ricardo comiti Cornubiæ filius…Johannes”, and in a later passage his death “apud Merlawe X Kal Oct” in 1232 and burial “apud Radinges”[264]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Johannes filius Ricardi comitis Cornubiæ” was born and died in 1232[265].

2. ISABELLA (Marlow, Buckinghamshire [8] Sep 1233-Marlow, Buckinghamshire 6 Oct 1234, bur Reading Abbey). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “circa Nativitatem beatæ Virginis” in 1233 of “filia Ricardo comiti Cornubiæ…Isabel”, and in a later passage her death “circa festum Sanctæ Fidis” and burial “juxta fratrem suum apud Radinges”[266].

3. HENRY (Haughley Castle, Suffolk 2, 4 or 12 Nov 1235-murdered Viterbo, Italy 13 Mar 1271, bur 21 May 1271 Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “V Non Nov” in 1235 of “filius Ricardo comiti Cornubiæ…Henricus”[267]. His parentage is recorded by Matthew Paris when he reports that he was knighted in 1257[268]. His father hoped that Henry would inherit his rights to the throne of Germany. Henry visited Rome in 1270 on his journey back from the crusade[269]. The Continuator of William of Tyre records that he was murdered by his cousins Guy and Simon de Montfort at Viterbo[270], either in the Church of San Lorenzo or the Church of San Silvestro or the Cathedral of St Niccolo. The Annales Londonienses record that "Henricus filius regis Alemanniæ" was murdered "a Simone et Guidone filiis Simonis de Monteforti apud Biterbe, in Quadragesima"[271]. The Annals of Osney record the burial “XII Kal Jun” in 1271 of “domini Henrici filii regis Ricardi Alemanniæ…in abbatia de Hayles”[272]. m (Windsor Castle 5 or 15 May 1269, repudiated 1270) as her second husband, CONSTANCE de Moncada Ctss de Bigorre Vicomtesse de Marsan, widow of Infante don ALFONSO de Aragón, daughter of GASTON [VII] de Moncada Vicomte de Béarn & his wife Mathe Ctss de Bigorre ([1245/50]-26 Apr 1310). The marriage contract between “Gastonem vicecomitem Bearnensem dominum Montis-Cathani et Castriveteris...primogenitam nostram dominam Constantiam” and “Henrico regis Alemanniæ primogenito” is dated 1268, and names “domina Matha coniuge nostra”[273]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1269 of "Ricardus rex Alemanniæ…Henricus eiusdem regis filius" and "filiam Gastuni de Byerne"[274]. The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records that “Romanorum regis primogenitus…Henricus” repudiated “uxore sua…filia…Gastonis de Bierna” in 1270[275]. She married thirdly ([Jun/Aug] 1279) as his second wife, Aimon Comte de Genève. Edward I King of England recorded the marriage contract between “sa chere cosyne...Constance jadis femme de...Henri de Alemaine nostre cosyne” and “Edmun Genenue neuuz le esveke de Lengris et nostre cosyn” by charter dated 1279[276].

4. NICHOLAS (b and d Berkhamstead Castle, Buckinghamshire 17 Jan 1240, bur Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

Earl Richard & his second wife had [three] children:

5. [daughter (-after 25 Nov 1256). "L…comes palatinus Rheni, dux Bawarie" confirmed his betrothal "cum filia fratris…regis Anglie", or in case of impossibility "cum filia sororis eiusdem", by charter dated 25 Nov 1256[277]. This betrothal was arranged to confirm Duke Ludwig's agreement to support the candidature of Richard Earl of Cornwall as king of Germany, her dowry being 12,000 marks[278]. Duke Ludwig’s support for Earl Richard is confirmed in a charter dated 26 Nov 1256[279]. It is assumed that this daughter, concerning whom no other record has yet been found, was born from her father’s second marriage, as daughters from his first marriage would probably have been considered to old for betrothal at that date. Betrothed (Bacharach 26 Nov 1256) to LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Duke of Bavaria, son of OTTO II "dem Erlauchten" Duke of Bavaria & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig (Heidelberg 13 Apr 1229-Heidelberg 2 Feb 1294, bur Kloster Fürstenfeld).]

6. RICHARD (Wallingford Castle, Berkshire Jul 1246-Wallingford Castle, Berkshire 15 Aug 1246, bur Grove Mile). His birth and death are recorded by Matthew Paris, although he does not name him or give the places or precise dates of the events[280]. The primary source which confirms his name has not been identified.

7. EDMUND (Berkhamstead Castle, Buckinghamshire 26 Dec 1249-Ashridge Abbey, Herts 24/25 Sep or 1 Oct 1300, bur Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire). His parentage is recorded by Matthew Paris who records his birth[281]. A writ dated 5 Apr "56 Hen III", after the death of "Richard king of Almain", records "Edmund his son, aged 22 on the day of St Stephen last, is his heir"[282]. He succeeded his father 1272 as Earl of Cornwall, invested 13 Oct 1272. “Edmundus filius quondam Ricardi regis Alemanniæ et comitis Cornubiæ” donated property to Wallingford Church, Berkshire[283]. The Annals of Worcester record the death “Kal Oct” in 1300 of “Edmundus comes Cornubiæ”[284]. m (Ruislip Chapel, Middlesex 6 Oct 1272, divorced 1293/94) MARGARET de Clare, daughter of RICHARD de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford & his wife Matilda de Lacy ([1249/50]-either before 16 Sep 1312 or Feb 1313, bur Chertsey Abbey, Surrey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Isabella primogenita, Margareta et Roysea” as the three daughters of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[285]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "in crastine Sanctæ Fidis" 6 Oct [1272] of "Eadmundus de Alemannia comes Cornubiæ" and "Margaretam sororem Gileberti comitis Gloverniæ"[286].

Earl Richard had [one possible illegitimate child by Mistress (1)]:

8. [JOAN [de Cornwall] . Her possible parentage is indicated by the passage from Sir William Pole, quoted above under her supposed mother. The same passage also confirms her marriage. William Pole also records her descendants (no sources cited)[287]. As noted above, none of Pole’s information concerning Joanna and her supposed mother has been verified. m RICHARD [I] Champernon, son of HENRY Champernon of Clyst Champernon & his wife ---.]

Earl Richard had one illegitimate child by [Mistress (1)/Mistress (2)]:

9. RICHARD de Cornwall (-killed siege of Berwick [31 Mar] 1296). The primary source which confirms his parentage, in particular the identity of his mother, has not been found.

- see below.

Earl Richard had one illegitimate son by Mistress (3):

10. WALTER de Cornwall (-1313). Kennett records that Edmund Earl of Cornwall “gave lands to Walter de Cornwall his base brother” (undated)[288]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

RICHARD de Cornwall, illegitimate son of RICHARD Earl of Cornwall & his mistress [Joanna de Vautort/---] (-killed siege of Berwick [31 Mar] 1296). The primary source which confirms his parentage, in particular the identity of his mother, has not been found. Secondary sources name Joanna de Vautort as Richard’s mother, but no primary source has been found which confirms that this information is correct. See above under Joanna [de Vautort] for the source which indicates that she had been the mistress of Richard’s father. Eyton confirms that Richard was illegitimate (no source cited), without naming his mother; he notes that "Sir Thomas Cornwall, provincially known as the ‘Great Baron’, who was descended from Geoffrey, a younger son of Richard de Cornwall", in objecting to a reference to Richard’s illegitimacy by "Thomas Milles, in his Catalogue of Honour (first published in 1610)", offered “proofs for Richard de Cornwall’s legitimacy [which] seem to be that Edmund Earl of Cornwall called one of the said Richard’s sons ‘Nephew’; and King Edward II called another son ‘Cousin’ – which are no proofs at all”; Eyton also refers to “Mr. Blakeway, who states the whole question fully, quotes a curious and angry letter on the subject, by Sir Thomas Cornwall, to Augustine Vincent, dated Oct. 25, 1623” (no citation reference: the reference has not been found in Blakeway’s works listed in Google Books)[289]. A chart in Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica states that Richard “Had the manor of Thonock, co. Lincoln, from Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, 8 Edw. I., 1280” (no source cited)[290]: the corresponding primary source has not been found. “Edmundus claræ memoriæ Richardi Regis Almaniæ filius et Comes Cornumbiæ” donated property to the Knights Hospitallers by charter dated 29 Aug 1293, witnessed by “Dominis Ricardo de Cornubia fratre nostro…”[291]. The Annals of Worcester record the death of “Ricardi fratris comitis de Cornubia” at the siege of Berwick 31 Mar 1296[292]. Weir names this Richard as a possible legitimate son of Richard Earl of Cornwall, but comments that he may have been confused with the earl’s illegitimate son of the same name[293].

m JOAN, daughter of ---. The primary source which records her marriage (including the date) has not been identified. Secondary sources are contradictory regarding her parentage. The Visitation of Shropshire 1623 names “Joane da. to J. Fitz Allen [Fitz Alan] Lo. of Clunn” as Richard’s wife (no source cited)[294]. A chart in Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica names “Joan, da. of Lord St. Owen” as Richard’s wife (no source cited)[295]. Burke records her as “Joan, dau. of John, Lord St. Owen” (no source cited)[296]. The primary source which confirms any of this information has not been found.

Richard & his wife had three children (The following descent was copied from secondary sources, including the Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica chart (which cites some charter material, but without citation references) and Burke’s Dormant and Extinct Peerages (no sources cited) which are cited above. No obviously reliable and comprehensive study of this family has yet been found against which the information could be checked. It is suggested that this reconstruction should be approached with some caution. The family is evidently one which merits further research.):

1. GEOFFREY de Cornwall (-before Jun 1335). A chart in Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica states that Geoffrey “Had the manor of Ever, Bucks, from Edmund, Earl of Cornwall” (no source cited)[297]: the corresponding primary source has not been found. m (1309 or before) as her first husband, MARGARET de Mortimer, daughter and co-heiress of HUGH de Mortimer of Richard’s Castle, Herefordshire & his wife Matilda --- (14 Sep 1295-[Dec 1345]). She married secondly William de Evereys. Geoffrey & his wife had three children:

a) GEOFFREY de Cornwall . He granted the manor of Kingsnewton, Devonshire and lands in Northamptonshire to his nephew Geoffrey.

b) RICHARD de Cornwall . Baron of Burford. m ---. The name of Richard’s wife has not been verified. Richard & his wife had --- children:

- BARONS of BURFORD[298].

c) JOHN de Cornwall . m ---. According to the Complete Peerage, the wife of John was "niece of the Duke of Brittany"[299], although it is not certain which duke of Brittany is referred to. John & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN Cornwall (born at sea in St Michael's Mount Bay, Cornwall-Ampthill 10/11 Dec 1443, bur Ludgate, cemetery of the Black Friars). He fought in the French wars, at Agincourt in 1415 and at the siege of Rouen 1418. Created Baron of Fanhope, in Herefordshire, 17 Jul 1432, and Baron of Milbroke, in Bedfordshire, 30 Jan 1441/2. m firstly ([1396/20 Apr 1399]) as her second husband, PHILIPPA de Arundel, widow of RICHARD Sergeaux, daughter and co-heiress of EDMUND de Arundel & his wife Sibyl de Montagu (-13 Sep 1399). m secondly (before 12 Dec 1400) as her third husband, ELIZABETH of Lancaster, former wife firstly of JOHN Hastings Earl of Pembroke, widow secondly of JOHN Holand Duke of Exeter, daughter of JOHN of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster & his first wife Blanche of Lancaster (Burford, Shropshire before 21 Feb 1363-24 Nov 1425, bur Burford Church, Shropshire). John & his second wife had [two] children:

(a) CONSTANCE (after 1401-before 1429). [300]m as his first wife, JOHN d'Arundel, son of JOHN Earl of Arundel & his wife Eleanor Berkeley (Lytchett Mautravers, Dorset 14 Feb 1408-Beauvais 12 Jun 1435, bur Beauvais, Grey Friars, transferred 15 Feb 1436 to Arundel). He was summoned to parliament 12 Jul 1429, whereby he is held to have become Lord Arundel. He was recognised as Earl of Arundel in Nov 1433.

(b) [JOHN Cornwall (1404-killed in battle Meaux 1421). He was killed at the siege of Meaux. [see illegitimate child below]

John had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

(d) THOMAS Cornwall .

2. EDMUND de Cornwall of Kinlet . m ELIZABETH de Brampton, daughter and co-heiress of BRIEN de Brampton of Brampton Brian, Herefordshire & his wife --- ([1306/07]-). A writ after the death of "Beatrice late the wife of Peter Corbet of Caus", dated "30 Aug 21 Edw III", names "Thomas Corbet…from whom issued Peter, Alice the elder daughter and Emma the younger", that "from Emma issued one Walter" who "had issue one Brian…and from him issued Margaret his firstborn and Elizabeth the younger", that "Margaret is espoused to Robert de Harleys and…Elizabeth to Edmund de Cornubia", adding that "Elizabeth wife of the aforesaid Edmund aged 42 years" was one of the heirs[301]. Edmund & his wife had three children:

a) EDMUND de Cornwall of Kentwell, Suffolk . m ISABEL, daughter of ---. Edmund & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN de Cornwall .

b) BRIAN de Cornwall . m MATILDA, daughter of [JOHN Lestrange] Lord Strange of Blackmere & his wife [Ankaret Boteler of Wem, Shropshire]. Brian & his wife had [three or more] children:

i) JOHN de Cornwall of Kinlet (-1415). m --- Wastneys, daughter of JOHN Wastneys of Tixall, Staffordshire & his wife ---. John & his wife had three children:

(a) ELIZABETH . m ROGER Corbet of Morton Corbett, Shropshire, son of ---.

(b) MATILDA . m JOHN Wode, son of ---.

ii) others[302].

c) PETER de Cornwall (-10 Jul 1387). m --- Hanley, daughter of ROGER de Hanley & his wife ---. Peter & his wife had one child:

i) EDMUND de Cornwall . m ---. Edmund & his wife had one child:

(a) THOMAS Cornwall .

3. JOAN de Cornwall . m JOHN Howard, son of ---.

C. EARL of CORNWALL (GAVESTON) 1307-1312

According to Hamilton’s biography of Piers Gaveston, Gabaston was situated in the vicomté de Béarn (in the present-day canton Morlaas, arrondissement Pau, département Pyrénées-Atlantique), the village taking its name from the river Gabas along which it is situated[303]. References to members of this family are recorded from [1040], but on the basis of the sources currently available it is not possible to reconstruct any descent from the first recorded member to Piers Gaveston Earl of Cornwall.

1. GARSIA Arnaud de Gabaston (-after [1040]). Marca’s Histoire de Béarn records that “Garsiarnaud de Gauaston avec son fils Arnaud” donated the churches of “S. Domnin d’Arefa...S. Iulian de Lanelogue et...S. André de Beyrie” to Lescar by charter dated to [1040][304]. It is likely that “Arnaud” was a patronymic. “...Garsia de Gauaston...” subscribed an undated charter which records the settlement of a dispute involving the church of Lascar[305]. m ---. The name of Garsia’s wife is not known. Garsia Arnaud & his wife had one child:

a) ARNAUD de Gabaston . Marca’s Histoire de Béarn records that “Garsiarnaud de Gauaston avec son fils Arnaud” donated the churches of “S. Domnin d’Arefa...S. Iulian de Lanelogue et...S. André de Beyrie” to Lescar by charter dated to [1040][306].

2. RAYMOND Garsia de Gabaston (-after 1114). “...Raimundus Garsias de Gauaston...” witnessed the charter dated 1114 under which “Gasto vicecomes Bearnensis” [Gaston [IV] Vicomte de Béarn] donated “locum...Medium Faget” to the Hospital (presumably the Knights Hospitallers)[307]. It is likely that “Garsia” was a patronymic.

1. ARNAUD de Gabaston (-before 18 May 1302, bur Winchester). “Dominus Arnaldus de Gavastone” acknowledged holding “castrum de Rupe forti, de Lobinher, de Monte Galardi, de Haxetman...racione uxoris [sue] Clarmonde in Marciano...” from King Edward I, by undated charter dated to the early 1270s[308]. He and his wife ceded the château de Louvigny to the seneschal of Gascony 30 Jun 1273[309]. King Edward granted money to “Arnaldum de Gavastone militem”, for the affection shown by “Claremunda dicta domina Marciani, quondam uxor sua” while she lived, for the marriage of his daughter (“ad maritandam filiam suam”), by charter dated 2 Aug 1289[310]. An order dated 6 May 1297 records that “Arnaldus de Gavaston miles” notified King Edward I that “possessio castrorum et terrarum castri de Loubeny, de monte Gayllardi, Sancti Lebedii et de Ffajetmau...heredum communium dicti Arnaldi et Clarmunde domine de Marciano quondam uxoris sue” had fallen unlawfully to “Ffortenarium dominum de Lescune”, when Arnaud was a prisoner of the French, and requested their return to him, which was ordered by the king[311]. King Edward I was present in Guildford church 18 May 1302 for a mass celebrated for the soul of Arnold Gavaston[312]. m as her second husband, CLARMONDE de Marsan, widow of --- de Lescun, daughter of ARNAUD GUILLAUME de Marsan Vicomte de Louvigny & his wife --- (-before 2 Aug 1289). The Complete Peerage states that Piers de Gavaston was “possibly s. of Arnaud de Gavaston (who d. May 1302), a Gascon knight of Béarn, by Clarmonde de Marsan de Louvigny”[313]. Her first marriage is indicated by the petition sent to King Edward II by her supposed son Fortaner, presumed to be born from her first husband (see the document GASCONY). The primary source which confirms the name of her first husband has not been identified. “Dominus Arnaldus de Gavastone” acknowledged holding “castrum de Rupe forti, de Lobinher, de Monte Galardi, de Haxetman...racione uxoris [sue] Clarmonde in Marciano...” from King Edward I, by undated charter dated to the early 1270s[314]. King Edward granted money to “Arnaldum de Gavastone militem”, for the affection shown by “Claremunda dicta domina Marciani, quondam uxor sua” while she lived, for the marriage of his daughter (“ad maritandam filiam suam”), by charter dated 2 Aug 1289[315]. Arnaud & his wife had [three] children:

a) ARNAUD GUILLAUME de Marsan (-after 1307). The Complete Peerage states that “Arnaud Guillaume de Marsan”, son of Arnaud de Gavaston and his wife, “is named in the Gascon Rolls and held Saint-Sever in the Landes for the English king in 1296”[316]. An order dated 28 Mar 1305 records that “Arnaldus Guillelmi de Marsan” requested relief for debts of “Arnaldo de Gabastona milite quondam patre suo” relating to “castro et castellania de Gavaretto”[317]. Fortaner’s correct parentage is indicated by the undated petition addressed to King Edward II (therefore dated to 1307/27) by “Arnald Guilhem de Marsans et Fortaners de Lescun freres” petitioned King Edward II, requesting restoration of arrears from lands “leritage de lour mere”, which had been subject of a disagreement as a result of which “sire Arnand de Gavaston” had put into the hands of King Edward I, undated but dateable to 1307/27[318].

b) [PIERRE [Piers] de Gavaston [Gaveston] ([1284]-beheaded Gaversich near Warwick or Scarborough 19 Jan 1312, bur 2 Jan 1314 King’s Langley, Hertfordshire). The Complete Peerage states that “no actual proof can be given of the paternity of Piers de Gaveston” but that he was “possibly s. of Arnaud de Gavaston (who d. May 1302), a Gascon knight of Béarn, by Clarmonde de Marsan de Louvigny”[319]. He was granted the county of Cornwall 6 Aug 1307 and was summoned to Parliament as Earl of Cornwall 19 Jan 1308. The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records that Edward II King of England recalled “Petrus de Gavestone” from exile, gave him “comitatum Cornubie”, and married him to “filiam sororis sue...domine Iohanne de Acres comitisse de Gloucestre”, dated to after the king’s coronation in Feb 1308 from the context[320]. King Edward II granted “manerium de Brustwyk”, which had belonged to “Isabellæ de Fortibus quondam comitissæ Albemarl”, to “Petrus de Gavaston...et Margaretæ uxori eius nepti nostræ” dated 7 Jun 1308[321]. The Annals of Bermondsey record the beheading 19 Jan 1312 “apud Gaversiche juxta Warwik” of “Petrus de Gavestone” whom King Edward made “ducem Cornubiæ” against the wishes of all the barons[322]. m (before 7 Jun 1308) as her first husband, MARGARET de Clare, daughter of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford & his second wife Joan of England ([1293]-9 Apr 1342, bur Queenhithe). The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records that Edward II King of England recalled “Petrus de Gavestone” from exile, gave him “comitatum Cornubie”, and married him to “filiam sororis sue...domine Iohanne de Acres comitisse de Gloucestre”, dated to after the king’s coronation in Feb 1308 from the context[323]. King Edward II granted “manerium de Brustwyk”, which had belonged to “Isabellæ de Fortibus quondam comitissæ Albemarl”, to “Petrus de Gavaston...et Margaretæ uxori eius nepti nostræ” dated 7 Jun 1308[324]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Elianoram, Elizabetham, et Margaretam” as the three daughters of “Gilbertus secundus” and his wife “Johanna de Acres, filia regis Edwardi primi”, adding in a later passage that “domina Isabella [error for Margareta] tertia filia Gilberti secundi” married “domino Hugoni de Audley”[325]. She married secondly (28 Apr 1317) Hugh de Audley, who was summoned to Parliament 30 Nov 1317 whereby he is held to have become Lord Audley. Earl of Gloucester 16 Mar 1337. Piers & his wife had one child:

i) JOAN de Gavaston ([1310]-Amesbury Priory 14 Jan 1325). A charter dated 9 Oct 1316 records that King Edward II had accorded “maritagium Thomæ Wake filii et hæredis Johannis Wake dudum defuncti” to “Petro de Gavaston tunc comitis Cornubiæ” and that after the death of the latter the marriage was arranged between “eidem Thomæ infra ætatem existenti” and “Johannam filiam præfati comitis” but that the proposed bridegroom had married elsewhere without the king’s licence[326]. The marriage contract between “monsieur Thomas de Multon Seignur de Egremond...Johan einez filz et heir le dit monsieur Thomas” and “Johane la feile monsieur Piers de Gavaston jadys counte de Cornwall” is dated 25 May 1317 and provides for the marriage “si tost come les ditz enfauntz venuz a age convenable”[327]. The Complete Peerage states that Joan died “aged 15 in Amesbury Priory14 Jan 1325”[328]. Betrothed (before 1312, contract broken before 1316) to THOMAS Wake Lord Wake, son of JOHN Wake Lord Wake & his wife Joan --- ([20 Mar] 1298-30/31 May 1349, bur Haltemprice Priory, Yorkshire). Betrothed (25 May 1317) to JOHN de Multon, son of THOMAS de Multon Lord Multon (of Egremont) & his wife Eleanor de Burgh of the Earls of Ulster (Oct 1308-[19 Jul 1333/23 Nov 1334]).

c) daughter (-after 2 Aug 1289). King Edward granted money to “Arnaldum de Gavastone militem”, for the affection shown by “Claremunda dicta domina Marciani, quondam uxor sua” while she lived, for the marriage of his daughter (“ad maritandam filiam suam”), by charter dated 2 Aug 1289[329]. It is not known whether this marriage took place. [m (after 2 Aug 1289) ---.]

Chapter 3. DERBY

The Ferrers family received grants of estates in Derbyshire after the Norman conquest. Robert de Ferrers was created Earl of Derby in 1138 as a reward for his services fighting the Scots at the battle of the Standard, although he and his immediate successors are referred to in contemporary charters as "comes de Ferrariis"[330]. The earliest reference to "Earl of Derby" among the charters quoted in the Complete Peerage, relating to the first four Earls, refers to William de Ferrers Earl of Derby who succeeded in 1190. The Earldom of Derby was forfeited by Robert Earl of Derby in 1266, and was granted to Edmund "Crouchback" Earl of Lancaster, son of King Henry III, who did not use the title[331]. Edmund's grandson, Henry of Lancaster (who succeeded his father as Earl of Lancaster in 1345), was created Earl of Derby 16 Mar 1337. His estates in Derbyshire were inherited by his older daughter Blanche who married (as his first wife) John "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster, son of King Edward III. They were merged with the crown when John's son succeeded as King Henry IV in 1399. King Henry VII revived the earldom in 1485 in favour of Thomas Stanley, his stepfather. The earldom remained in the Stanley family until the present day.

A. EARLS of DERBY 1138-1266 (FERRERS)

ROBERT de Ferrers, son of HENRI Seigneur de Ferrières et de Chambrais & his wife Bertha --- (-1139). “Henricus de Ferrariis” founded a church “apud castellum meum Tuttesbury”, for the souls of “…uxoris mee Berte et filiorum meorum Engenulphi W, Roberti ac filiarum mearum…”[332]. He succeeded his father in 1101 in the greater part of his English possessions. “Robertus comes de Ferrariis” donated property to Tutbury Priory by undated charter after succeeding “in hereditatem bonæ memoriæ Henrici patris mei”[333]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Robt de Ferrar" in Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire in respect of "Werchesworda" and in Staffordshire[334]. He was created Earl of Derby by King Stephen: Richard Prior of Hexham’s De Gestis Regis Stephani et de Bello Standardii records that King Stephen created "Robertum de Ferrers" as "in Derbiensi-scyra [comes]" after the battle of the Standard in Aug 1138[335].

m HAWISE, daughter of ---. “Robertus junior comes de Notingham” donated property to Tutbury Priory by charter dated 1141 which names “Hauwisiæ matris meæ”[336]. The Complete Peerage identifies her as Hawise de Vitré, daughter of André [I] Seigneur de Vitré & his wife Agnès de Mortain, but cites no supporting evidence[337]. Europäische Stammtafeln[338] identifies her as Hawise de Laval, daughter of Guy [II] Seigneur de Laval & his [third] wife Cecilia ---, although the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. According to Domesday Descendants[339], "there is no convincing evidence as to her identity".

Earl Robert & his wife had two children:

1. ROBERT (-before 1160, bur Merevale Abbey). “Robertus comes junior de Ferariis” confirmed donations to Tutbury by “avus meus Henricus…Egenulfus patruus meus…Robertus pater meus”, naming “Nigellus de Albiniaco et Amicia filia avi mei”[340]. He succeeded his father in 1139 as Earl [of Derby]. [Earl of Nottingham]: “Robertus junior comes de Notingham” donated property to Tutbury Priory by charter dated 1141 which names “Hauwisiæ matris meæ”[341]. He founded the abbey of Merevale, Warwickshire, where he was buried[342]. m (before 1139) MARGARET, daughter of [WILLIAM Peveril of Nottingham & his first wife Oddona ---] ([1123/26]-)]. “Robertus comes de Ferrariis” granted property “in Stebbingis…per Margaretam comitissam uxorem meam” to Morice FitzGeoffrey by charter dated “VI Kal Oct IV anno imperii Regis Stephani” (1139)[343]. Her parentage is suggested by the charter of John King of England which names “Willelmo de Ferrariis comiti” as heir to territories of “Willelmi Peverell”[344]. If this parentage is correct, Margaret is unlikely to have been born outside the narrow date range estimated above, which would also indicate that her marriage took place only shortly before the date of this charter. Earl Robert & his wife had [three] children:

a) WILLIAM (-killed in battle Acre 1190 before 21 Oct). “Willielmus comes de Ferrariis” donated property to Tutbury Priory, for the soul of “uxoris meæ Sibillæ et liberorum meorum”, by charter which names “antecessores mei…Henricus de Ferrariis et Engenulphus et Robertus avus meus et Robertus comes pater meus”[345]. He succeeded his father [before 1160) as Earl [of Derby]. “Robertus [mistake for Willielmus] comes de Ferrariis” donated property to Dore Abbey, for the souls of “Sibilla de Braosa, uxoris meæ matris W. filii mei et sua, et…Bertæ (fuit filia Milonis comitis Herefordiæ) matris uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[346]. He participated in the Third Crusade and died during the siege of Acre[347]. The Annals of Margan record the death in 1190 of “Willelmus comes Ferrariis”[348]. Matthew Paris records the death at Acre in 1191 of "comes de Ferariis"[349]. A letter dated 21 Oct 1190, recording the arrival of the archbishop of Canterbury at Tyre, names “...comes de Ferreres...” among those who had died [in Palestine][350]. m [as her first husband,] SIBYL de Briouse, daughter of WILLIAM [II] de Briouse Lord of Bramber & his wife Bertha of Hereford (-after 5 Feb 1228). “Willielmus comes de Ferrariis” donated property to Tutbury Priory, for the soul of “uxoris meæ Sibillæ et liberorum meorum”, by charter which names “antecessores mei…Henricus de Ferrariis et Engenulphus et Robertus avus meus et Robertus comes pater meus”[351]. “Robertus [mistake for Willielmus] comes de Ferrariis” donated property to Dore Abbey, for the souls of “Sibilla de Braosa, uxoris meæ matris W. filii mei et sua, et…Bertæ (fuit filia Milonis comitis Herefordiæ) matris uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[352]. The Complete Peerage states that this charter is considered to be a fabrication, and that there is no other proof of the parentage of William’s wife[353]. However, another document indicates Sibyl’s parentage: a charter of John King of England relating to Briouse properties, dated 1212, recites the history of the king’s turbulent relationship with the family and includes a record that “Willielmus de Breosa...Matildis de Heya uxor sua et W. comes de Ferar. nepos suus et Adam de Porter qui sororem suam habuit in uxorem” petitioned the king (presumably in [1209/10])[354]. While confirming that the mother of William de Ferrers Earl of Derby was the sister of William [III] de Briouse, this document does not state that she was the same daughter of William [II] de Briouse who married Adam de Port. Confirmation of this fact awaits the emergence of a primary source which records that Adam’s second wife was named Sibyl. [Sibyl may have married secondly as his second wife, Adam de Port.] Earl William & his wife had [four] children:

i) WILLIAM (-22 Sep 1247). “Willielmus comes de Ferrariis, filius Willielmi comitis de Ferrariis” donated property to Tutbury Priory, for the soul of “Agnetis uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[355]. He succeeded his father in 1190 as Earl of Derby.

- see below.

ii) [MILLICENT . A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Milesaunt filia --- comitis Derbeyæ” was the first wife of “domini Rogeri”[356]. This has not been corroborated from other primary sources, but, if it is correct, her father must have been William 3rd Earl of Derby. m as his first wife, ROGER [III] de Mortimer, son of HUGH [II] de Mortimer & his wife Matilda de Rumilly (-before 19 Aug 1214, bur Wigmore).]

iii) PETRONILLA de Ferrers (-after her husband, bur Stone). "---" [name omitted] made a fine "de voluntate et assensu Milisente q fuit ux Hervei Bagot", the order specifying that "ipsa Milisenta" donated "in vita sua tercia parte toci terre sue…cum Petronilla sorore com de Ferrar" whom "Herveus de Stafford" married, dated 1214[357]. m (1214 or before) HERVEY Bagot of Stafford, son of HERVEY Bagot & his wife Millicent de Stafford (-[Nov 1236/12 May 1237], bur Stone).

iv) [ROBERT de Ferrers (-4 Dec 1225). A writ ordered pardon of a fine that "Robert de Ferrers had made…with the king’s father" for marrying "Joan daughter of William of Buckland", dated 9 May 1221[358]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Robertus de Ferrariis” died in 1225[359]. His precise relationship with the family of the Earls of Derby has not been ascertained. However, from a chronological point of view it is possible that he was the son of Earl William. m as her first husband, JOANNA de Bocland, daughter of WILLIAM de Bocland & his wife Matilda de Say (-before 16 Nov 1251). "Robertus de Ferrariis" paid a fine for marrying "Johanna filia Willelmi de Boclaund cum terris…que fuerunt eiusdem Willelmi", with saving for "matri ipsius Johanne q fuit ux predicti Willelmi…dote et maritagio suo", dated [Apr] 1216[360]. Bracton lists a claim by "Willelmus de Aurenches et Matillis uxor eius, Johannes de Bouilla et Hauissia uxor eius" against "Robertum de Ferrariis et Johannam uxorem eius", dated 1218, for "hereditate Willelmi de Boclonde patris earum", noting that "Matillis et Cecilia [error for Hawisia] sunt sorores sororis [error for uxoris] sue [=predicti Willelmi]"[361]. A writ ordered pardon of a fine that "Robert de Ferrers had made…with the king’s father" for marrying "Joan daughter of William of Buckland", dated 9 May 1221[362]. She married secondly Simon d’Avranches. A table in The Complete Peerage shows that she married secondly Geoffrey d’Avranches[363]. This is incorrect, her actual second husband being Geoffrey’s brother Simon d’Avranches, as shown by documents shown in Avranches chapter of the document UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY. A writ dated 16 Nov "37 Hen III", after the death of "Joan de Ferres alias de Ferrers", names as her heir "John de Everenges alias de Averenges her son aged 23"[364].]

b) MATILDA de Ferrers . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Hagger discusses the circumstances in which this marriage was agreed[365]. m BERTRAM [IV] de Verdun, son of NORMAN de Verdun & his wife Lesceline de Clinton (-[1191]).

c) [ISOLDE de Ferrers (-after 1185). The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “in Bernewelle…de feodo comitis” held by “Ysowda, que fuit uxor Stephani de Bello-Campo, et filia comitis de Ferrariis”, adding that she has “i filium et v filias”[366]. It is assumed that Isolde was the daughter of Robert Earl of Derby (died before 1160) but it is not impossible that she was the daughter of Robert’s father. m as his second wife, STEPHEN de Beauchamp, son of RICHARD de Beauchamp & his wife --- (-before 1185).]

2. ISABEL de Ferrers . Her parentage and marriage are recorded in Domesday Descendants[367]. m ROBERT [I] de Cauz, son of --- (-after 1130).

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

WILLIAM de Ferrers, son of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his wife Sibyl de Briouse (-22 Sep 1247). “Willielmus comes de Ferrariis, filius Willielmi comitis de Ferrariis” donated property to Tutbury Priory, for the soul of “Agnetis uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[368]. He succeeded his father in 1190 as Earl of Derby. “Willielmus de Ferrariis comes Derbiæ” confirmed donations to Derley Priory, for the soul of “uxoris meæ Agnetis”, by undated charter[369]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1246 of "Willelmus comes de Ferreres"[370]. The Annals of Burton record the death “X Kal Oct” in 1247 of “Willelmus de Ferrariis…comes Derbeiæ”[371].

m (1192) AGNES [Alice] of Chester, daughter of HUGH Earl of Chester & his wife Bertrade de Montfort (-2 Nov 1247). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "tertia…Agnes" married "comiti de Ferrariis, id est Derby, Willelmo seniori"[372]. “Willielmus comes de Ferrariis, filius Willielmi comitis de Ferrariis” donated property to Tutbury Priory, for the soul of “Agnetis uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[373]. Lady of Chartley, Staffordshire, and Bugbrooke, Northamptonshire, following her brother's death in 1232[374]. “Willielmus de Ferrariis comes Derbiæ” confirmed donations to Derley Priory, for the soul of “uxoris meæ Agnetis”, by undated charter[375]. The Annals of Burton record the death “X Kal Oct” in 1247 of “Willelmus de Ferrariis…comes Derbeiæ” and “IV Non Nov” of “Agnes comitissa uxor eius”[376].

Earl William & his wife had four children:

1. WILLIAM (-Evington, near Leicester 28 Mar 1254, bur Merevale Abbey). The Annales Londonienses name "Willelmum juniorem qui fuit comes de Ferrariis" as the son of "Willelmo seniore" & his wife[377]. He succeeded his father in 1247 as Earl of Derby. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1254 of “comes de Ferrers”[378]. The Annals of Burton record the death “V Kal Apr apud Eventonam” in 1254 of “Willelmus comes de Ferrariis comes Derbeiæ” and his burial “in capitulo de Mirevalle II Kal Apr”[379]. m firstly (before 14 May 1219) SIBYL Marshal, daughter of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabel Ctss of Pembroke (-before 1238). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla" married "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ"[380]. m secondly (1238) MARGARET de Quincy, daughter of ROGER de Quincy Earl of Winchester & his first wife Helen of Galloway (-before 12 Mar 1281). The Annales Londonienses name "Margarete countesse de Ferreres et Eleyne la Zusche et la countesse de Bougham" as the three daughters of "Eleyn countesse de Wynton"[381]. A charter dated 3 Dec 1274 records the homage of "Margaret de Ferariis countess of Derby, eldest daughter and one of the heirs of Roger de Quency eael of Wynton" for her part of the lands "lately held in dower by Alianora de Vaux late countess of Wynton widow of the said Roger"[382]. Inquisitions after a writ "9 Edw I" following the death 15 Apr of "Margaret de Ferrariis countess of Derbeye" name her son “William de Ferrariis...”[383]. Earl William & his first wife had seven children:

a) AGNES (-11 May 1295, bur Scarborough, Greyfriars). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Agnes, secunda Isabella, tertia Matilda, quarta Sibilla, quinta Johanna, sexta Alianora, septima Agatha" as the seven daughters of "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ" and his wife "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla", adding that Agnes married "Willielmo de Vescy"[384]. The Annals of Ireland record that “Sibilla comitissa de Ferreys” had seven daughters (in order) “prima, Agnes de Vescy, mater domini Johannis et Domini Willelmi de Vescy…”[385]. A manuscript concerning the founders of Watton priory records that “Willielmum de Vescy secundum” married “Agnete filia comitis de Ferrariis”[386]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[387]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[388]. A manuscript of Malton Priory records the death “1295 V Id Mai” of “domina Agnes de Vescy, mater eiusdem” (referring to “Johannes de Vesey”)[389]. m (before 1244) as his second wife, WILLIAM de Vescy of Alnwick and Malton, son of EUSTACE de Vescy & his wife Margaret of Scotland (-Gascony before 7 Oct 1253, bur Watton Priory, Yorkshire).

b) ISABEL (-before 26 Nov 1260). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Agnes, secunda Isabella, tertia Matilda, quarta Sibilla, quinta Johanna, sexta Alianora, septima Agatha" as the seven daughters of "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ" and his wife "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla", adding that Isabel married "Reginaldo de Monteminori", by whom she was mother of "Willihelmus de Monte" who died childless, "filiam…Alianore" who married "Johanni filio Nicholai de Carrew", "Margareta soror eius" who died childless, and "Maria soror eius" who married "Johanni Meriot" but died childless[390]. The Annals of Ireland record that “Sibilla comitissa de Ferreys” had seven daughters (in order) “secunda, Isabella Basset…”[391]. A charter dated 18 Jun 1240 records that "the town of Greywell" was given "as a marriage portion to Gilbert Basset with Isabel daughter of William de Ferrariis, the earl’s [G. Marshal Earl of Pembroke] niece"[392]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[393]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[394]. A manuscript records the death “III Kal Feb” 1257 of “dominus Reginaldus de Mohun fundator” and in 1260 of “Isabella Basset uxor Reginaldi prædicti”[395]. A writ dated 26 Nov "45 Hen III", after the death of "Isabel Basset" names "William son of Reginald de Moun and the said Isabel, age variously stated as 6 and 7, is her heir"[396]. m firstly (before 18 Jun 1240) GILBERT Basset [II] of Wycombe, son of ALAN Basset & his [first wife Alice de Grey/second wife Aline de Gai] (-31 Jul 1241). m secondly ([end 1242/1243?]) as his second wife, REYNOLD [II] de Mohun of Dunster, son of REYNOLD [I] de Mohun & his wife Alice Briwere ([1200/05?]-Tor Mohun, Devon 20 Jan 1258, bur Newenham).

c) MATILDA (-11 Mar 1299). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Agnes, secunda Isabella, tertia Matilda, quarta Sibilla, quinta Johanna, sexta Alianora, septima Agatha" as the seven daughters of "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ" and his wife "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla", adding that the third daughter "Matilda de Kyme" married "Almarico de Rupe Edwardi" by whom she was mother of "Johanna de Vynon, Cecilia de Bellocampo, Sibilla nupta Almarico de Archiaks in Piganra"[397], although these named children were born from her second marriage which is not mentioned in this source. The Annals of Ireland record that “Sibilla comitissa de Ferreys” had seven daughters (in order) “septima, Matildis de Kyme, domina de Carbry…”[398]. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family records that “Symon de Kyma”, son of “Philippus de Kyma [et] Agnetem Waleys”, married "Matildam de Ferrars"[399]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[400]. Her first marriage is confirmed, and her second marriage, suggested by the 30 Jul 1248 grant by Henry III King of England to "William de Fortibus, son of Hugh de Vivona" of the marriage of "Matilda late the wife of Simon de Kyma"[401]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[402]. "Messire Simon de Rochechouart, doyen de Saint-Antregil du château de Bourges" notified the marriage contract of "Aimery vicomte de Rochechouart son neveu" and "noble dame Matilde veuve de noble homme messire Guillaume le Fort" and the agreement for "des deux fils du dit vicomte" to marry "les deux filles de ladite dame veuve", with "Aimery fils aîné" marrying "la fille aînée...[avec] son manoir de Carlion" and "Guy autre fils du dit vicomte" marrying "la seconde fille [avec] la terre de Mortemar", by charter dated "du lundi après la Saint-Georges 1264", which also records that "les dits deux fils du vicomte" would inherit two thirds of their father’s inheritance, the remaining one third to be divided between "ses autres filles et fils"[403]. m firstly SIMON de Kyme of Kyme, son of PHILIP de Kyme & his wife Agnes FitzAlan (-10 Jul 1248). m secondly ([30 Jul 1248/26 May 1250]) GUILLAUME de Vivonne "de Fortibus", son of HUGUES de Vivonne & his wife Mabel Malet (-22 May 1259). m thirdly (contract 28 Apr 1264) as his second wife, AIMERY [XI] Vicomte de Rochechouart, son of AIMERY [X] Vicomte de Rochechouart & his wife Marguerite de Limoges (after [1225/28]-[Apr 1284/Dec 1288], bur Terzay).

d) SIBYL . The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Agnes, secunda Isabella, tertia Matilda, quarta Sibilla, quinta Johanna, sexta Alianora, septima Agatha" as the seven daughters of "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ" and his wife "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla", adding that "Sibilla de Bohun quarta filia" was mother of "Johanne, Johannes"[404]. The Annals of Ireland record that “Sibilla comitissa de Ferreys” had seven daughters (in order) “quarta, Sibilla de Bohun, uxor domini Francisci de Bohun, domini de Midhurst…”[405]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[406]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[407]. m as his first wife, FRANCIS de Bohun of Midhurst, Sussex, son of SAVARY de Bohun of Midhurst, Ford & Huntington, Sussex & his wife --- of the Earls of Essex (-14 Sep 1273).

e) ELEANOR (-before 25 Oct 1274, bur Leeds Priory). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Agnes, secunda Isabella, tertia Matilda, quarta Sibilla, quinta Johanna, sexta Alianora, septima Agatha" as the seven daughters of "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ" and his wife "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla", adding that "Alianora sexta filia" was "comitissa de Wintonia" and died childless[408]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[409]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[410]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Annals of Ireland which record that “Sibilla comitissa de Ferreys” had seven daughters (in order) “quinta, Elianora de Varis, quæ fuit uxor comitis Wintonie…”[411]. Matthew Paris records her (second) husband's remarriage soon after the death of his second wife, but does not name his third wife[412]. King Edward I ordered the the escheator of Ireland to take all the lands of the deceased "Alianora widow of Roger de Quency earl of Winchester" into the hands of the king by charter dated 25 Oct 1274[413]. m firstly WILLIAM de Vaux of Tharston and Wisset, son of --- (-before 14 Sep 1252). The executors of the will of "William de Vallibus formerly husband of Alienor de Ferrers, one of the heirs of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke" requested restoration of his part of the inheritance by charter dated 9 May 1251[414]. m secondly (before 5 Dec 1252) as his third wife, ROGER de Quincy Earl of Winchester, son of SAHER de Quincy Earl of Winchester & his wife Margaret of Leicester (-25 Apr 1264, bur [Brackley]). m thirdly (before 8 Sep 1267) as his second wife, ROGER de Leyburn of Elham, son of ROGER de Leyburn & his wife Eleanor de Thurnham (-[Oct] 1271).

f) JOAN (-[Oct 1267]). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Agnes, secunda Isabella, tertia Matilda, quarta Sibilla, quinta Johanna, sexta Alianora, septima Agatha" as the seven daughters of "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ" and his wife "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla", adding that "Johanna quinta filia" married "Johanni de Mohun", by whom she was mother of "Johannes de Mohun, de quo Johannes, de eo Johannes"[415]. The Annals of Ireland record that “Sibilla comitissa de Ferreys” had seven daughters (in order) “tertia, Johanna Mohun, uxor domini Johannis de Mohun, filii domini Reginaldi…”[416]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[417]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[418]. m firstly JOHN [I] de Mohun of Dunster, son of REYNOLD [II] de Mohun & his first wife Hawise de Mandeville (-Gascony [29 Jul 1253/1254], bur Bruton). m secondly (Aug 1256 or before) as his first wife, ROBERT Aguillon of Watton and Perching, son of --- (-15 Feb 1286). Inquisitions following a writ dated 17 Feb "14 Edw I", after the death of "Robert Aguylun, alias de Aguylon, Agyloun, Aguillon", note that he died “on 15 Feb. 14 Edw. I”, name "Lady Isabel his daughter, whom Hugh Bardolf married, aged 28 at the feast of the Annunciation […at the Purification last past], in the said year […aged 24 and more], is his next heir" and notes “Schedule of manors and rents assigned to Margaret de Ripariis, late the wife of Robert de Aguillon, in dower…”[419].

g) AGATHA (-21 May 1306). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Agnes, secunda Isabella, tertia Matilda, quarta Sibilla, quinta Johanna, sexta Alianora, septima Agatha" as the seven daughters of "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ" and his wife "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla", adding that "Agatha septima filia" married "Hugoni de Mortuomari domino de Chelmershe, qui fuit filius Rodulphi de Mortuo-mari domini de Wigmor"[420]. The Annals of Ireland record that “Sibilla comitissa de Ferreys” had seven daughters (in order) “sexta, Agatha de Mortimer, uxor domini Hugonis de Mortimer…”[421]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[422]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[423]. Inquisitions following a writ dated 12 Jun "34 Edw I" [1306], after the death of "Agatha de Mortuo Mari", name “Henry de Mortuo Mari her son, aged 40 […aged 30 and more], is her next heir”, and records her manors in Bedford, Dorset, and property in Ireland[424]. The Complete Peerage shows her date of death (no source cited), and an outline pedigree of her descendants[425]. m (after 26 May 1250) HUGH de Mortimer of Chelmarsh, son of RALPH [II] de Mortimer & his wife Gwladdus "Ddu/Dark-eyed" of Wales (-before Jun 1275).

Earl William & his second wife had four children:

h) ROBERT ([1239]-1279 before 29 Apr, bur [Stafford, Priory of St Thomas]). The Annales Londonienses name "Robertum heredem suum generalem" as son of "Willelmum juniorem qui fuit comes de Ferrariis"[426]. He succeeded his father in 1254 as Earl of Derby. He rebelled against King Henry III in 1263, defeating the royal forces at Chester in Nov 1264. He was sent to the Tower but pardoned 5 Dec 1265 only to rebel again within a few months. He was captured at Chesterfield 15 May 1266 and kept in Windsor Castle for nearly three years, his lands and honours being forfeited[427]. m firstly (contract 26 Jul 1249, Westminster 1249) MARIE de Lusignan, daughter of HUGUES [XII] "le Brun" Comte de la Marche et d'Angoulême, Seigneur de Lusignan & his wife Yolande de Bretagne ([1242]-after 11 Jul 1266). The Annals of Burton record the marriage “apud Westmonasterium” in 1249 of “Robertus de Ferrariis puer ix annorum, filius Willelmi de Ferrariis comitis Derbeiæ” and “Mariam vii annorum puellulam, neptem Regis Henrici, filiam fratris sui comitis Engolismi et Marchiæ”[428]. m secondly (26 Jun 1269) ELEANOR de Bohun, daughter of HUMPHREY de Bohun & his first wife Eleanor de Briouse (-20 Feb 1314, bur Walden Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1313 X Kal Mar” of “Elianora comitissa Derbi” and her burial at Walden[429]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Earl Robert & his second wife had two children:

i) ELEANOR Ferrers (-before May 1308, bur Dunmow Priory). A manuscript history of the foundation of Dunmow Priory records the marriage in 1289 of “Robertus filius Walteri” and “Alienoram filiam comitis de Ferrariis, sororem comitis de Ferrers” in the King’s Chapel, Westminster[430]. m (King’s Chapel, Westminster 1289) as his second wife, ROBERT FitzWalter of Woodham Walter, Essex, son of WALTER FitzRobert & his wife Ida de Longespee of the Earls of Salisbury (Henham 1247-18 Jan 1326).

ii) JOHN Ferrers of Chartley, Staffordshire (Cardiff 20 Jun 1271-Gascony [Aug] 1312). He was summoned to Parliament in 1299, whereby he is held to have become Lord Ferrers.

- see below.

i) WILLIAM de Ferrers of Groby, Leicestershire ([1240]-before 20 Dec 1287). His parentage is confirmed by John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) which records the marriage in 1270 of "Willelmus Ferreris, filius comitissæ de Ferreris quæ fuit filia Rogeri de Quinci constabularii Scotiæ" and "relictam Colbani nuper defuncti" and adding that he received "dignitatem constabulariæ" at the same time[431].

- LORDS FERRERS of GROBY.

j) JOAN (-19 Mar 1310, bur Bristol St Augustine’s). Lady of Coston and Eynesbury. m (1267) THOMAS de Berkeley of Berkeley, son of MAURICE de Berkeley & his wife Isabel [FitzRoy] (Berkeley 1245-Berkeley 23 Jul 1321). He was summoned to parliament in 1295, whereby he is held to have become Lord Berkeley.

k) ELIZABETH (-1297). The Annals of Dunstable state that “David germanus Leulini principis Walliæ” married “filia comitis de Ferares” when recording that she was captured in 1283 with her husband and son[432]. m firstly WILLIAM Marshall, son of JOHN Marshall & his wife Aline de Rye (-1265). m secondly DAFYDD ap Gruffydd, son of GRUFFYDD ap Llywelyn of Wales & his wife Senena --- ([1235]-beheaded Shrewsbury 29 Sep 1283). He succeeded his brother in 1282 as DAFYDD III Prince of Wales.

2. THOMAS Ferrers of Chartley (-after 1266).

3. HUGH Ferrers of Bugbrooke (-[1257]). “Hugo de Ferrariis, filius Willielmi de Ferrariis comitis Derbiæ” confirmed donations to Derley Priory by “Robertus de Ferrariis et Willielmus de Ferrrariis pater meus, comites Derbiæ…et Willielmus avus meus”, by undated charter[433]. m --- de Mohaut, daughter of ROGER de Mohaut, steward of Chester & his wife ---. Hugh & his wife had one child:

a) CECILY (-1290). m firstly JOHN de Oddingsale, son of --- (-1257). m secondly as his first wife, GODFREY de Beaumont of Drayton and Scarning, Norfolk, son of ---.

4. SIBYL . Prescott records her parentage and marriage (no source cited)[434]. “Johannes de Veteri-ponte” donated wood “in bosco meo de Winfel in Westmerlandia” to Wetherhal, for the souls of “meæ et Sibillæ uxoris meæ necnon...Roberti de Veteri-ponte patris mei”, by undated charter [dated to 1230/41][435]. m JOHN de Vipont, son of ROBERT [I] de Vipont & his wife Idonea de Builly (-1241).

JOHN Ferrers of Chartley, Staffordshire, son of ROBERT de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his second wife Alianore de Bohun (Cardiff 20 Jun 1271-Gascony [Aug] 1312). He was summoned to Parliament in 1299, whereby he is held to have become Lord Ferrers.

m (licence 1300[436]) as her second husband, HAWISE de Muscegros, widow of WILLIAM de Mortimer of Bridgewater, daughter and heiress of ROBERT de Muscegros of Stowell, Somerset & his wife Agnes --- (21 Dec 1276-[1340/50]). She married thirdly John de Bures.

John & his wife had four children:

1. JOHN de Ferrers (-before 23 Jul 1324).

2. ROBERT de Ferrers (25 Mar 1309-28 Aug 1350). m firstly ([21 Nov 1324/20 Oct 1330]) MARGARET, daughter of --- (-after Aug 1331). m secondly [as her second husband,] JOAN de la Mote of Willisham, Suffolk, [widow of EDMUND de la Mote,] daughter of --- (-London 29 Jun 1375). Robert & his first wife had one child:

a) JOHN Ferrers (Southoe [10 Aug] 1331-killed in battle Najera 3 Apr 1367).

- see below.

Robert & his second wife had one child:

b) ROBERT Ferrers of Willisham (before 1350-[1380/81]). He was summoned to Parliament in [1375/79] whereby he is held to have become Lord Le Botiller[437]. m ([1369/72]) as her first husband, ELIZABETH le Botiller, daughter and heiress of WILLIAM le Botiller of Wem and Oversley, Shropshire & his wife --- ([1344/45]-1411). She married secondly John Say, and thirdly (1398) Thomas Molinton. Robert & his wife had one child:

i) ROBERT Ferrers of Willisham ([1373]-before 29 Nov 1396). m (before 30 Sep 1394) as her first husband, JOAN Beaufort, daughter of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his third wife Katharine Swynford née de Roët ([1379]-Howden, Yorkshire 13 Nov 1440, bur Lincoln Cathedral). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Joan, wife firstly of Ferrers Baron of Ousley, and secondly of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland" as daughter of "John Duke of Lancaster" and mother (by her first husband) of "Baroness of Greystoke" and (by her second husband of "Cecily Duchess of York"[438]. She married secondly ([Jul/29 Nov] 1396) as his second wife, Ralph Neville Lord Neville, who was created Earl of Westmoreland in 1397. Robert & his wife had two children:

(a) ELIZABETH ([1393]-after 10 Jul 1434, bur York Church of the Black Friars). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Joan, wife firstly of Ferrers Baron of Ousley, and secondly of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland" as daughter of "John Duke of Lancaster" and mother (by her first husband) of "Baroness of Greystoke" (together with two generations of her descendants) and (by her second husband of "Cecily Duchess of York"[439]. Lady of Wem. The will of "John Lord Greystock", dated 10 Jul 1434, bequeathed property to “Ralph my son and heir...Elizabeth my wife...my other sons Thomas, Richard and William...”[440]. A manuscript narrating donations to Newminster records the death in 1434 of “domina Elizabetha baronissa de Grastoke” and her burial “in ecclesia fratrum prædicatorum Eboraci”[441]. m (contract 28 Oct 1407) JOHN de Greystoke, son of RALPH de Greystoke Lord Greystoke & his wife Katherine de Clifford ([1388/89]-8 Aug 1436). He succeeded his father in 1418 as Lord Greystoke.

(b) MARY ([1394]-1458). Lady of Oversley. m RALPH Neville, son of RALPH Neville Lord Neville [later Earl of Westmoreland] & his first wife Margaret Stafford (-1458).

3. PERONELLE . m RICHARD Monemuthe of Rowley Regis, son of --- (-killed in battle 1330).

4. ELEANOR . m ([1329]) THOMAS de Lathum, son of --- ([1300/01]-1370).

JOHN Ferrers, son of ROBERT Ferrers & his first wife Margaret --- (Southoe [10 Aug] 1331-killed in battle Najera 3 Apr 1367).

m (1349) as her second husband, ELIZABETH de Stafford, widow of FULK Le Strange Lord Strange, daughter of RALPH de Stafford Earl of Stafford & his second wife Margaret de Audley (-1375). She married thirdly as his first wife, Reginald de Cobham Lord Cobham of Sterborough.

John & his wife had one child:

1. ROBERT Ferrers (Staffordshire 31 Oct 1357 or 1359-12/13 Mar 1413, bur Merevale Abbey). m firstly ([16 Sep 1376/Jan 1378]) ELIZABETH, daughter of ---. m secondly MARGARET le Despencer, daughter of EDWARD le Despencer Lord Le Despencer & his wife Elizabeth de Burghersh (-3 Nov 1415, bur Merivale Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Cecilia…Elizabeth…Annam…et Margaretam” as the four daughters of “Edwardus…secundus, filius…Edwardi” and his wife, born after their two older brothers, adding that Margaret married “domino Roberto de Ferrers” and died “III Non Nov 1415” and was buried “apud Merivale”[442]. The will of "Elizabeth de Burghersh Lady Despenser", dated 4 Jul 1409, bequeathed property to “the Lady Morley my daughter...the Lady Margaret Ferrers my daughter...Philippa my daughter...Elizabeth daughter to the aforesaid Margaret”[443]. Robert & his second wife had five children:

a) EDMUND Ferrers ([1386]-17 Dec 1435). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “domini Thomæ, Edmundi et Edwardi de Ferrers” as the children of “domino Roberto de Ferrers” and his wife Margaret[444]. m as her first husband, ELLEN Roche, daughter and co-heiress of THOMAS Roche of Castle Bromwich, Warwickshire & his wife Elizabeth Birmingeham (-4 Nov 1440). She married secondly (before 3 May 1438) as his first wife, Philip Chetewynd of Ingestre, Staffordshire. Edmund & his wife had six children:

i) WILLIAM ([1412]-9 Jun 1450). m ELIZABETH Bealknap, daughter of HAMON Bealknap of St Mary Cray, Kent & his wife Joan Boteler of Sudeley, Gloucestershire (-28 May 1471). William & his wife had one child:

(a) ANNE (1438-9 Jan 1469). m (before 26 Nov 1446) as his first wife, WALTER Devereux of Weobley and Bodenham, Herefordshire, son of WALTER Devereux & his wife Elizabeth Merbury ([1432]-killed in battle Bosworth 22 Aug 1485). He was knighted in 1461 and created Lord Ferrers in 1461.

ii) EDMUND . m ---. The name of Edmund’s wife is not known. Edmund & his wife had three children:

(a) MARTIN of Taynton (-1484).

(b) HENRY of Taynton ([1430]-1486).

(1) ELIZABETH ([1494]-).

iii) HENRY .

iv) RICHARD .

v) EDWARD .

vi) JOAN . m (1431) as his first wife, JOHN de Clinton Lord Clinton, son of WILLIAM de Clinton Lord Clinton & his second wife Alice or Anne FitzWarin née Botreaux (1410-24 Sep 1464).

b) THOMAS . The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “domini Thomæ, Edmundi et Edwardi de Ferrers” as the children of “domino Roberto de Ferrers” and his wife Margaret[445].

c) EDWARD (-1415). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “domini Thomæ, Edmundi et Edwardi de Ferrers” as the children of “domino Roberto de Ferrers” and his wife Margaret[446].

d) ELIZABETH (-after 4 Jul 1409). The will of "Elizabeth de Burghersh Lady Despenser", dated 4 Jul 1409, bequeathed property to “the Lady Morley my daughter...the Lady Margaret Ferrers my daughter...Philippa my daughter...Elizabeth daughter to the aforesaid Margaret”[447].

e) PHILIPPA . m THOMAS Grene of Grene Norton, son of --- (1400-1462).

B. LORDS FERRERS of GROBY

WILLIAM de Ferrers of Groby, Leicestershire, son of WILLIAM Ferrers Earl of Derby & his second wife Margaret de Quincy of Winchester ([1240]-before 20 Dec 1287). His parentage is confirmed by John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) which records the marriage in 1270 of "Willelmus Ferreris, filius comitissæ de Ferreris quæ fuit filia Rogeri de Quinci constabularii Scotiæ" and "relictam Colbani nuper defuncti" and adding that he received "dignitatem constabulariæ" at the same time[448]. Inquisitions after a writ "9 Edw I" following the death 15 Apr of "Margaret de Ferrariis countess of Derbeye" name her son “William de Ferrariis...”[449].

m firstly (1270) as her second husband, ANNE, widow of COLBAN Earl of Fife, daughter of ---. John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) records the marriage in 1270 of "Willelmus Ferreris, filius comitissæ de Ferreris quæ fuit filia Rogeri de Quinci constabularii Scotiæ" and "relictam Colbani nuper defuncti et dignitatem constabulariæ"[450].

m secondly as her first husband, ELEANOR de Lovaine, daughter of MATTHEW de Lovaine & his wife Muriel --- (-after 3 May 1326, bur Dunmow Priory). She married secondly (before 28 Jan 1289) as his [second] wife, William [III] Douglas of Douglas "le Hardi". Edward I King of England wrote to the Guardians of Scotland 27 Mar 1289 regarding "Alianora quæ fuit uxor Willelmi de Ferariis" who was abducted by "Willelmus ‘de’ Duglas" after the death of her husband from "manerio…Elenæ la Zusche, de Travernant"[451]. She married thirdly (before 6 Oct 1305) William Bagot.

William & his first wife had children:

1. WILLIAM de Ferrers of Groby (Yoxall, Staffordshire 30 Jan 1272-20 Mar 1325). He was summoned to Parliament from 1299 whereby he is held to have become Lord Ferrers [of Groby]. m ELLEN, daughter of --- (-after 9 Feb 1317). William & his wife had children:

a) HENRY de Ferrers ([1302/03]-Groby 15 Sep 1343, bur Ulverscroft Priory). He succeeded his father as Lord Ferrers [of Groby]. m (before 20 Feb 1331) ISABEL de Verdun, daughter of THEOBALD de Verdun Lord Verdun & his second wife Elizabeth de Clare (Amesbury, Wiltshire 21 Mar 1317-25 Jul 1349). Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the will of "Elizabeth de Burg Lady of Clare", dated 25 Sep 1355, proved 3 Dec 1360, which bequeathed property to “dame Elizabeth countess of Ulster, the debt which my son, her father, owed me at his death...my daughter Bardolf...Monsr John Bardolf and to my said daughter his wife...my joesne fille Isabel Bardolf to her marriage, Agnes her sister to her marriage...Monsieur William de Ferrers...Monsr Thomas Furnival...my daughter Countess of Athol...”[452]. Henry & his wife had children:

i) WILLIAM de Ferrers (Newbold Verdon, Leicestershire 28 Feb 1333-Stebbing 8 Jan 1371). He succeeded his father as Lord Ferrers [of Groby].

- see below.

ii) PHILIPPA de Ferrers (-before 10 Aug 1384). The will of "William Ferrers Lord of Groby", dated 1 Jun 1368, proved 19 Jul 1372, chose burial “in the Conventual Church of our Lady at Ulvescroft”, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my daughter a nun at the Minories, London...Margaret my wife...Philippa de Beauchamp my sister...Elizabeth d’Assells my sister...”[453]. The will of "Guy de Beauchamp Knt", dated 26 Sep 1359, bequeathed property to “the Earl my father...the Countess my mother, Philippa my wife...Katherine my daughter a nun at Shouldham...Margaret my daughter...”[454]. m (before 1353) GUY de Beauchamp, son of THOMAS Beauchamp Earl of Warwick & his wife Katherine de Mortimer (-France 28 Apr 1360, bur Vendôme).

iii) ELIZABETH de Ferrers . The will of "William Ferrers Lord of Groby", dated 1 Jun 1368, proved 19 Jul 1372, chose burial “in the Conventual Church of our Lady at Ulvescroft”, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my daughter a nun at the Minories, London...Margaret my wife...Philippa de Beauchamp my sister...Elizabeth d’Assells my sister...”[455].

b) RALPH de Ferrers (-after 6 Nov 1375). The will of "Edward Lord Despenser Lord of Glamorgan and Morgannock", dated 6 Nov 1375, chose burial “in the abbey of Tewksbury”, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my wife...Ralf de Ferrers my uncle...John d’Odingsells”[456].

c) ANNE de Ferrers (-8 Aug 1367). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “Edwardus…primus, frater Hugonis tertii” married “Anna filia domini de Ferrers”[457]. m (Groby 20 Apr 1335) EDWARD Le Despencer, son of HUGH Le Despencer Lord Le Despencer & his wife Eleanor de Clare of the Earls of Gloucester (-killed in battle Morlaix 30 Sep 1342).

2. [ANNE . The Complete Peerage says that John Lord Grey of Wilton married “(it is said) Anne da. of William de Ferrers of Groby Leicester by his 1^st wife Anne...” but does not provide the basis for this speculation[458]. Douglas Richardson highlighted that this suggestion is based on the 1619 Visitation of Leicester[459]. Considering John de Grey’s date of birth, and his marriage to his known wife Maud dated to [1276/77], it is unlikely that, even if he contracted an earlier marriage to a daughter of William de Ferrers when he was a child, the marriage took place. It should be noted that the 1619 Visitation misrecords the parentage of John’s wife Maud, which does not inspire confidence in its accuracy. m [as his first wife,] JOHN de Grey Lord Grey (of Wilton), son of REYNOLD de Grey Lord Grey (of Wilton) & his wife Matilda de Longchamp ([1267/68]-28 Oct 1323).]

WILLIAM de Ferrers, son of HENRY de Ferrers Lord Ferrers [of Groby] & his wife Isabel de Verdon (Newbold Verdon, Leicestershire 28 Feb 1333-Stebbing 8 Jan 1371). He succeeded his father as Lord Ferrers [of Groby]. The will of "William Ferrers Lord of Groby", dated 1 Jun 1368, proved 19 Jul 1372, chose burial “in the Conventual Church of our Lady at Ulvescroft”, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my daughter a nun at the Minories, London...Margaret my wife...Philippa de Beauchamp my sister...Elizabeth d’Assells my sister...”[460].

m firstly (1344) MARGARET de Ufford, daughter of ROBERT de Ufford Earl of Suffolk & his wife Margaret de Cailly (-before 1368).

m secondly (before 25 May 1368) as her second husband, MARGARET de Percy, widow of ROBERT de Umfraville, daughter of HENRY Percy Lord Percy & his wife Idonia de Clifford (-Gyng [Buttsbury], Essex 2 Sep 1375, bur [Chelmsford Church of the Friars Preachers]). The will of "William Ferrers Lord of Groby", dated 1 Jun 1368, proved 19 Jul 1372, chose burial “in the Conventual Church of our Lady at Ulvescroft”, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my daughter a nun at the Minories, London...Margaret my wife...Philippa de Beauchamp my sister...Elizabeth d’Assells my sister...”[461]. The will of "Margaret widow of William de Ferrers Lord of Groby", dated 26 Apr 1374, and bequeathed property to “Ingram d’Umfraville”[462].

William & his first wife had children:

1. HENRY de Ferrers (Tiltey Abbey 16 Feb 1356-3 Feb 1388). He succeeded his father as Lord Ferrers [of Groby]. m (before 27 Apr 1371) JOAN, daughter of --- (-30 May 1394). Henry & his wife had children:

a) WILLIAM de Ferrers (Hoo 25 Apr 1372-18 May 1445). He succeeded his father as Lord Ferrers [of Groby]. m firstly (after 10 Oct 1388) PHILIPPA de Clifford, daughter of ROGER de Clifford Lord Clifford & his wife Matilda Beauchamp of the Earls of Warwick (-after 4 Jul 1405). m secondly MARGARET de Montagu, daughter of JOHN de Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his wife Matilda Francis. m thirdly (before 26 Oct 1416) as her third husband, ELIZABETH de Standisshe, widow firstly of JOHN de Wrottesley of Wrottesley Staffordshire and secondly of WILLIAM Botiller of Warrington and Layton Lancashire, daughter of ROBERT de Standisshe of Ulnes-Walton, Lancashire & his wife Iseude --- (-[Jan/Feb] 1442). William & his first wife had children:

i) HENRY Ferrers (-before 1423). m (before 13 Jul 1416) as her first husband, ISABEL Mowbray, daughter of THOMAS Mowbray Duke of Norfolk & his second wife Elizabeth FitzAlan of Arundel (-27 Sep 1452, bur Gloucester Grey Friars). She married secondly ([1423/24]) as his third wife, James de Berkeley Lord Berkeley. Henry & his wife had one child:

(a) ELIZABETH Ferrers ([1417/19]-[23] Jan 1483). She succeeded her grandfather as Lady Ferrers [of Groby]. m firstly EDWARD Grey, son of REYNOLD Grey Lord Grey (of Ruthin) & his second wife Joan de Asteley. m secondly (before 2 May 1462) as his first wife, JOHN Bourchier, son of HENRY Bourchier Earl of Essex & his wife Isabel of York (-[4 Jun/3 Nov] 1495, bur Stebbing, [transferred to Beeleigh Abbey]).

ii) MARGARET de Ferrers (-16 Jan 1452). m firstly (1427) as his second wife, RICHARD Grey Lord Grey (of Wilton), son of HENRY Grey Lord Grey (of Wilton) & his wife Elizabeth --- (-[12 Aug 1442/5 Feb 1443], bur Bletchley). m secondly (before 14 Feb 1446) THOMAS Grey of Richemount, Bedfordshire, son of ---.

2. ELIZABETH de Ferrers . The will of "William Ferrers Lord of Groby", dated 1 Jun 1368, proved 19 Jul 1372, chose burial “in the Conventual Church of our Lady at Ulvescroft”, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my daughter a nun at the Minories, London...Margaret my wife...Philippa de Beauchamp my sister...Elizabeth d’Assells my sister...”[463].

3. MARGARET de Ferrers (-22 Jan 1407, bur Warwick, St Mary's). m (before Apr 1381) THOMAS de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, son of THOMAS Beauchamp Earl of Warwick & his wife Katherine de Mortimer (before 16 Mar 1339-8 Apr 1401, bur Warwick, St Mary's).

C. EARLS of DERBY (STANLEY)

THOMAS Stanley, son of THOMAS Lord Stanley & his wife Joan Goushill ([1435]-Lathom 29 Jul 1504, bur Burscough Priory, Lancashire). He succeeded his father in 1459 as Lord Stanley and Sovereign Lord of the Isle of Man. Steward of the household of Kings Edward IV and Richard III 1471-1485. Constable of England for life 16 Dec 1483. He betrayed King Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field, and was said to have placed the crown on the head of Henry Tudor[464]. He was created Earl of Derby 27 Oct 1485 by his stepson King Henry VII. A manuscript calendar records the death “IV Kal Aug” in 1504 of “Tho’s lord Stanley and erle of Derby”[465].

m firstly (after 10 May 1457) ELEANOR Neville, daughter of RICHARD Neville Earl of Salisbury & his wife Alice Montagu Ctss of Salisbury (-before Oct 1473, bur London, St James Garlickhithe).

m secondly (before Oct 1473) as her third husband, MARGARET Beaufort, widow firstly of EDMUND Tudor and secondly of HENRY Stafford, daughter of JOHN Beaufort Duke of Somerset & his wife Margaret de Beauchamp (Bletsoe Castle, Bedfordshire 31 May 1443-Abbot’s House, Cheyney Gates, Westminster Abbey 29 Jun 1509, bur Westminster Abbey).

Earl Thomas & his first wife had one child:

1. GEORGE Stanley ([1460]-Derby House, St Paul's Wharf, London 4/5 Dec 1503, bur London, St James Garlickhithe). He was summoned to parliament 15 Nov 1482 in consequence of his marriage, whereby he became Lord Strange. He was styled Lord Stanley after 1485. He is said to have been poisoned at a banquet[466]. m (before 26 Feb 1481) JOAN Le Strange Baroness Strange and Baroness Mohun, daughter and heiress of JOHN Le Strange Lord Strange & his wife Jacquette Wydeville (-Colham Green, Middlesex 20 Mar 1514). George & his wife had one child:

a) THOMAS Stanley (before 1485-Colham Green, Middlesex 23 May 1521, bur Syon Monastery, Middlesex). He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1504 as Earl of Derby, and his mother in 1514 as Lord Strange, Lord Mohun.

- see below.

b) JAMES Stanley of Crosshall, Lancashire . Ancestor of the Baronets Stanley and, from 1736, the later Earls of Derby[467].

2. EDWARD Stanley . He was created Lord Mounteagle 21 May 1514. Ancestor of the Lords Mounteagle[468].

THOMAS Stanley, son of GEORGE Stanley Lord Stanley & his wife Joan Le Strange Baroness Strange and Mohun (before 1485-Colham Green, Middlesex 23 May 1521, bur Syon Monastery, Middlesex). He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1504 as Earl of Derby, and his mother in 1514 as Lord Strange, Lord Mohun.

m (before 1503) ANNE Hastings, daughter of EDWARD Hastings Lord Hungerford and Hastings & his wife Mary Hungerford (-Colham Green, Middlesex, bur 17 Nov 1550).

Thomas & his wife had two children:

1. JOHN Stanley (-1503, bur London, St James Garlickhithe).

2. EDWARD Stanley (10 May 1509-Lathom House 24 Oct 1572, bur Ormskirk). He was probably styled Lord Strange until 1521. He succeeded his father in 1521 as Earl of Derby. m firstly (before 21 Feb 1530) DOROTHY Howard, daughter of THOMAS Howard Duke of Norfolk & his second wife Agnes Tilney of Boston, Lincolnshire. m secondly MARGARET Barlow, daughter of ELLIS Barlow of Barlow, Lancashire & his wife Anne Reddish of Reddish, Lancashire (-19 Jan 1559, bur Ormskirk). m thirdly (before 1 Jan 1562) as her first husband, MARY Cotton, daughter of GEORGE Cotton of Combermere, Cheshire & his wife Mary Onley of Catesby, Northamptonshire (-16 Nov 1580). She married secondly Henry Grey Earl of Kent. Earl Edward & his first wife had five children:

a) ANNE (1530-22 Sep 1602, bur St Colomb Major). m firstly (licence 10 Feb 1549) CHARLES Stourton Baron Stourton, son of WILLIAM Stourton Baron Stourton & his wife Elizabeth Dudley ([1518/24]-hanged Salisbury 6 Mar 1557, bur Salisbury Cathedral). m secondly ([1560]) JOHN Arundell of Lanherne, Cornwall (-17 Nov 1590, bur St Colomb Major).

b) HENRY Stanley (Sep 1531-Lathom 25 Sep 1593, bur Ormskirk). He was styled Lord Strange, summoned to parliament as such 23 Jan 1559. He succeeded his father in 1572 as Earl of Derby. m (Royal Chapel, Whitehall 7 Feb 1555) MARGARET Clifford, daughter of HENRY Clifford Earl of Cumberland & his first wife Eleanor Brandon of Suffolk (-Cleveland Row, Middlesex 29 Sep 1596, bur Westminster Abbey). They were ancestors of the later EARLS of DERBY, until 1736.

c) JANE (-bur 4 Sep 1569 St Edmund’s Dudley). m ([1566/67]) as his second wife, EDWARD Sutton Lord Dudley, son of JOHN Sutton Lord Dudley & his wife Cicely Grey of the Marquesses of Dorset (-bur 12 Aug 1586 St Margaret’s Westminster).

d) MARY (-3 Sep 1609, bur Thornbury, Gloucestershire). m (before 23 Nov 1566) EDWARD Stafford Baron Stafford, son of HENRY Stafford Baron Stafford & his wife Elizabeth Davy (Stafford Castle 17 Jan 1536-18 Oct 1603, bur Stafford St Mary).

e) ELIZABETH (-[1589/4 Feb 1591]). m HENRY Parker Lord Morley, son of HENRY Parker & his first wife Grace Newport (1531-Paris 22 Oct 1577).

Chapter 4. DEVON

Baldwin de Reviers was created Earl of Devon in [1141] by Empress Matilda. His title was subsequently fully recognised by King Stephen. On the death in 1262 of Baldwin de Redvers Earl of Devon, the title was inherited by his sister Isabel. When Isabel died in 1293 without surviving heirs, the hereditary right to the earldom passed to Hugh de Courtenay, great-grandson of Isabel’s paternal aunt Mary who had married Robert de Courtenay Lord of Okehampton, but he was not finally declared Earl of Devon until 1335. The earldom remained in his descendants until 1461, when it was forfeited after the beheading of Thomas de Courtenay Earl of Devon who had continued to support the Lancastrian cause after the accession of King Edward IV. It was restored in favour of Thomas’s brother John when King Henry VI was restored in 1470, but forfeited again in 1471 after King Henry was defeated by King Edward IV. King Henry VII restored the earldom of Devon in 1485 in favour of Edward Courtenay, grandson of the paternal great-uncle of the brothers Thomas and John.

A. EARLS of DEVON 1141-1262 (REDVERS/REVIERS)

BALDWIN de Reviers, son of RICHARD Seigneur de Reviers & his wife Adelise Peverel ([1090/1100]-4 Jun 1155, bur Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names ”Baldwinum” as first son of “Ricardo de Redveriis”[469]. He revolted against King Stephen in 1136, was expelled from the Isle of Wight and driven into exile with his wife and children, taking refuge at the court of the Comte d'Anjou. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "Baldwinus de Redvers cognomine" was banished from England with his wife and children in [1136][470]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Baldvinum de Revers" rebelled against King Stephen in Exeter but was forced to flee to the Isle of Wight, later surrendered and went into exile "ad comitem Andegavensium", dated to [1139/40][471]. He was created Earl of Devon by Empress Matilda in [1141]. "Baldwin earl of Exeter" confirmed the donations to the abbey of Sainte-Marie, Montebourg by "his father Richard de Reveriis" by charter dated to [1142/55][472]. “Baldewinus comes Devoniæ” donated property to Exeter St James, with the consent of “Ricardo filio meo”, by undated charter witnessed by “…duobus filiis meis Willielmo et Henrico”[473]. "Baldwin earl of Exeter" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Marie, Montebourg with the consent of "his sons Richard, Henry and his brothers William de Vernone and Robert de Sancte Marie Ecclesia" by charter dated to [1142/55][474]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1155 of "Balduinus de Redviers"[475]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that ”comes Baldwinus” founded “de Timmore canonicorum et Twina ubi est Christi ecclesia et monasterii Quararæ in Insula Vectæ et…Tira in Normannia”, and died “1155 II Non Jun” and was buried “apud Quareram”[476]. The Obituary of Lyre records the death 4 Jun of “Baldewinus comes”[477].

m firstly ADELISA, daughter of --- (-27 May ----, bur Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that ”comes Baldwinus” was buried “apud Quareram” where “uxor sua Adelicia et…filius suus Henricus” had been buried[478]. The text implies that Adelisa predeceased her husband. “Ricardus comes Devoniæ” donated property to Exeter St James, for the soul of “…meorumque parentum defunctorum…patris mei Baldwini comitis et matris meæ Adel”, by charter dated 1157[479]. The necrology of Mont-Bourg records the death "27 May" of "Alicia de Reveriis"[480].

m secondly LUCY de Clare, daughter of [RICHARD FitzGilbert de Clare & his wife Agnes of Chester] (-after 1155). Domesday Descendants cites a charter under which “Lucy” donated property to Stoke-by-Clare priory for the souls of her husband Earl Baldwin and Earl Gilbert, endorsed “Carta de comitissa de Clara”, suggesting her marriage and parentage as shown here[481].

Earl Baldwin & his first wife had five children:

1. RICHARD ([1115/30]-21 or 27 Apr 1162, bur Christ Church, Twynham). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Ricardum, Henricum et Willielmum” as the three sons of ”comes Baldwinus”[482]. "Adeliz de Redveris" donated property to the abbey of Loders, Dorset, for the souls of "patris mei…Willelmi Pevrel de Notingeham…et matris mee Adeline", with the consent of "…nepotum meorum Ricardi de Reveris, Henrici atque Willelmi", by undated charter[483]. “Baldewinus comes Devoniæ” donated property to Exeter St James, with the consent of “Ricardo filio meo”, by undated charter witnessed by “…duobus filiis meis Willielmo et Henrico”[484]. "Ricardus de Redveriis filius Baldewini comitis Exonie" donated property to the abbey of Loders, Dorset founded by "Ricardus de Redveris avus meus", by undated charter[485]. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardus filius eius" as successor in 1155 of "Balduinus de Redviers"[486]. He succeeded his father in 1155 as Earl of Devon, Lord of the Isle of Wight. The 1156 Pipe Roll records "Ric de Reduiers" in Devonshire[487]. “Ricardus comes Devoniæ” donated property to Exeter St James, for the soul of “uxoris meæ Dionisiæ, meorumque parentum defunctorum…patris mei Baldwini comitis et matris meæ Adel”, by charter dated 1157[488]. “Richardus comes Exoniæ, comitis Baldwini filius” founded Quarr Abbey by undated charter which recites a donation by “Hadewisæ sororis meæ”[489]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Ricardus de Riveres dimidiam marcam" in Warwickshire, Leicestershire in [1161/62][490]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1162 of "Richardus de Revers dominus insula Vectæ in Anglia"[491]. The necrology of Mont-Bourg records the death "27 Apr" of "Ricardus secundus comes de Reveriis"[492]. Betrothed to EMMA de Pont de l'Arche, daughter of WILLIAM de Pont de l'Arche & his wife Constance Mauduit (-young). Her betrothal is noted in Domesday Descendants[493]. m ([1150]) DENISE of Cornwall, daughter and co-heiress of REYNOLD FitzRoy Earl of Cornwall & his wife Beatrice FitzWilliam (-after Apr 1162, bur Christ Church, Twynham). Robert of Torigny records the wife of "Richardus de Revers dominus insula Vectæ in Anglia" as "filia Rainaldi comitis Cornubiæ" but does not name her[494]. “Ricardus comes Devoniæ” donated property to Exeter St James, for the soul of “uxoris meæ Dionisiæ…”, by charter dated 1157[495]. Earl Baldwin & his wife had two children:

a) BALDWIN (-10 or 28 May 1188). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Baldwinum secundum et Ricardum tertium” as the two sons of ”Ricardus secundus”, adding that both sons died childless[496]. Robert of Torigny records that "parvulum filium…Balduinum" succeeded on the death in 1162 of "Richardus de Revers dominus insula Vectæ in Anglia"[497]. He succeeded his father in 1162 as Earl of Devon, Lord of the Isle of Wight, probably invested with the earldom in 1185 or 1186[498]. "…Baldwino et Ricardo nepotibus meis, Willelmo de Vernun…" witnessed the charter dated to [1163/75] by which "Reginaldus, Henrici Regis filius, comes Cornubiæ" granted property to "Willielmo de Boterell, filio Aliziæ Corbet, materteræ meæ"[499]. The Obituary of Lyre records the death 10 May of “Baldewinus comes”[500]. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1188 of “Baldewinus comes Cornubiæ, consanguineus regis”[501]. This is the only reference so far identified to Baldwin have succeeded as Earl of Cornwall, presumably de iure uxoris if this succession is correct. m (Betrothed 1177) as her first husband, DENISE de Déols, daughter and heiress of RAOUL [VII] Seigneur de Déols et de Châteauroux & his [second] wife Agnès de Charenton ([1172/73]-1221, bur Déols). The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not been identified. She married secondly (Salisbury Aug 1189) André [I] de Chauvigny Seigneur de Chauvigny, and thirdly (after 1203, maybe repudiated before 1207) as his first wife, Guillaume [I] Comte de Sancerre.

b) RICHARD (-19 Aug [1193 or before]). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Baldwinum secundum et Ricardum tertium” as the two sons of ”Ricardus secundus”, adding that both sons died childless[502]. "…Baldwino et Ricardo nepotibus meis, Willelmo de Vernun…" witnessed the charter dated to [1163/75] by which "Reginaldus, Henrici Regis filius, comes Cornubiæ" granted property to "Willielmo de Boterell, filio Aliziæ Corbet, materteræ meæ"[503]. He succeeded his brother in 1188 as Earl of Devon, Lord of the Isle of Wight. The necrology of Mont-Bourg records the death "19 Aug" of "Ricardus de Reveriis tertius"[504]. m EMMA [Gieva], daughter of --- (-10 Dec ----). The necrology of Mont-Bourg records the death "10 Dec" of "Gieva uxor Ricardi de Reveriis"[505].

2. HAWISE de Reviers (-[1215]). “Richardus comes Exoniæ, comitis Baldwini filius” founded Quarr Abbey by undated charter which recites a donation by “Hadewisæ sororis meæ”[506]. [507]m ([1147]) ROBERT FitzRobert, illegitimate son of ROBERT FitzRoy Earl of Gloucester & his mistress ---.

3. HENRY (--young, bur Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight). "Adeliz de Redveris" donated property to the abbey of Loders, Dorset, for the souls of "patris mei…Willelmi Pevrel de Notingeham…et matris mee Adeline", with the consent of "…nepotum meorum Ricardi de Reveris, Henrici atque Willelmi", by undated charter[508]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Ricardum, Henricum et Willielmum” as the three sons of ”comes Baldwinus”, adding that “filius suus Henricus” died young and was buried at Quarr Abbey[509]. “Baldewinus comes Devoniæ” donated property to Exeter St James, with the consent of “Ricardo filio meo”, by undated charter witnessed by “…duobus filiis meis Willielmo et Henrico”[510].

4. WILLIAM de Vernon (-8 or 10 Sep 1217, bur Christ Church, Twynham). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Ricardum, Henricum et Willielmum” as the three sons of ”comes Baldwinus”[511]. "Adeliz de Redveris" donated property to the abbey of Loders, Dorset, for the souls of "patris mei…Willelmi Pevrel de Notingeham…et matris mee Adeline", with the consent of "…nepotum meorum Ricardi de Reveris, Henrici atque Willelmi", by undated charter[512]. “Baldewinus comes Devoniæ” donated property to Exeter St James, with the consent of “Ricardo filio meo”, by undated charter witnessed by “…duobus filiis meis Willielmo et Henrico”[513]. "…Baldwino et Ricardo nepotibus meis, Willelmo de Vernun…" witnessed the charter dated to [1163/75] by which "Reginaldus, Henrici Regis filius, comes Cornubiæ" granted property to "Willielmo de Boterell, filio Aliziæ Corbet, materteræ meæ"[514]. He succeeded his nephew in [1193] as Earl of Devon, Lord of the Isle of Wight. “Willielmus de Vernon comes Devoniæ et filius comitis Baldewini” donated property to Quarr Abbey, for the souls of “patris mei comitis Baldewini et matris meæ Adeliciæ comitissæ et fratris mei comitis Ricardi et uxoris meæ Mabiliæ comitissæ”, by undated charter[515]. The Obituary of Lyre records the death 8 Sep of “Willelmus comes”[516]. The necrology of Mont-Bourg records the death "17 Sep" of "Guillelmus de Reveriis secundus"[517]. Henry III King of England notified "W. Briwerr juniori" of the death of "W. comes de Insula" and requested him to take custody of "castrum de Carebroc" until a decision about its custodianship dated [Sep] 1217[518]. m ([1178/86]) MABILE de Meulan, daughter of ROBERT de Beaumont Comte de Meulan & his wife Matilda of Cornwall ([1166/72]-after 1 May 1204). Her marriage date is estimated from the marriage date of her daughter Mary. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy", records that Robert Comte de Meulan devised his lands in Normandy and England "ex toto to Mabiria wife of William Earl of the Isle and to have them confirmed to [her], as to his next heir [tanquam heredi meo propinquiori]", by charter dated 1 May 1204 "copied into the cartulary of Beaulieu in the forest of Préaux near Rouen", witnessed by "John de Préaux, William de Préaux…"[519]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Mabilia comitissa” as the wife of ”Willielmum de Vernona”[520]. “Willielmus de Vernon comes Devoniæ et filius comitis Baldewini” donated property to Quarr Abbey, for the souls of “…et uxoris meæ Mabiliæ comitissæ”, by undated charter[521]. Earl William & his wife had three children:

a) MARY de Vernon (-after 1244). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Johannam…Willielmi Brewer et Mariam Roberti de Courtney…uxores” as the two daughters of ”Willielmum de Vernona” & his wife, an earlier passage in the same source adding that “domina Maria, juniore filia domini Willielmi de Redveriis comitis Devoniæ” was the wife of “Robertus de Courtenay”[522]. John King of England granted "insulas de Gerse et de Gernere et de Aurene...cum filia et hede Willi com de Insula" to “Petro de Pratell”, dated 14 Jan 1200[523]. A charter dated 28 Apr 1200 confirmed the marriage contract between "Willm de Vernon comes Devon…Johe filie ipsius comitis junioris" and "Hub de Burgo dni Regis camerarium", confirming that "honoris sui in Devon cum castello de Plinton" had been allocated to "filie sue priori natu" while "insula de Wicth et Cristeschirche" were assigned to the younger daughter[524]. This document confirms that Joan was the younger daughter, despite the order in which the daughters are named in the Fundationis, and also that the division of property was made before the birth of their brother Baldwin in the absence of a male heir. Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1201 under which “Robertus Comes Melleti” granted property to “Petro de P^atett et Marie filie Willi Comitis de Insula filie Mabirie filie mee” on their marriage[525]. Henry III King of England granted "in manerio de Aulton" to "Marie uxori Roberti de Curtenay" dated [Oct] 1226[526]. Henry III King of England granted "manerium de Sedberegh" to "Marie uxori Roberti de Curtenay" in 1227[527]. The Testa de Nevill lists fees in Devon, dated 1244, which include "de dominabus, dicunt quod Maria que fuit uxor Roberti de Curtenay est de donacione domini regis et terra eius de Wymple valet x.l"[528]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 11 May "2 Edw I" following the death of [her son] "John de Corteney alias de Curtenay" record that “William de Vernoun earl of the Isle gave the manor [of Cruk] to Robert de Curtenay father of the said John in free marriage with Mary his daughter”[529]. m firstly ([Jan 1200]) PIERRE de Préaux, son of OSBERT de Préaux & his wife Mathilde --- (-after 29 Jan 1206). m secondly ROBERT de Courtenay, son of RENAUD de Courtenay & his wife Hawise de Courcy [Curcy] Lady of Okehampton (-26 Jul 1242).

b) JOAN de Vernon (-after 1233). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Johannam…Willielmi Brewer et Mariam Roberti de Courtney…uxores” as the two daughters of ”Willielmum de Vernona” & his wife, adding that Joan was childless[530]. "Hubertus Camarerius" paid a fine for his agreement with "com Devon de maritanda sui Joha fil ipsius comitis", dated 1200[531]. A charter dated 28 Apr 1200 confirmed the marriage contract between "Willm de Vernon comes Devon…Johe filie ipsius comitis junioris" and "Hub de Burgo dni Regis camerarium", confirming that "honoris sui in Devon cum castello de Plinton" had been allocated to "filie sue priori natu" while "insula de Wicth et Cristeschirche" were assigned to the younger daughter[532]. This document confirms that Joan was the younger daughter, despite the order in which the daughters are named in the Fundationis, and also that the division of property was made before the birth of their brother Baldwin in the absence of a male heir. The Testa de Nevill includes a list of fees of William Briwere, dated 1234, which names "Johanne que fuit uxor predicti Willelmi Briwere"[533]. Betrothed (agreement confirmed 28 Apr 1200) to HUBERT de Burgh, son of --- de Burgh & his wife Alice --- (-Banstead, Surrey 12 May 1243, bur London, Church of the Black Friars). He was created Earl of Kent in 1227. m WILLIAM Briwere, son of WILLIAM Briwere & his wife Beatrice --- (-1233).

c) BALDWIN (after 28 Apr 1200-1 Sep 1216). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Baldwinum tertium” as the son of ”Willielmum de Vernona” & his wife, adding that he died “Kal Sep 1216”[534]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "1 Sep" of "Balduwinus filius comitis Insulæ"[535]. m as her first husband, MARGARET, daughter of WARIN FitzGerold, Chamberlain of the King & his wife Alice de Curcy (-before 29 Sep 1252, bur London, Church of the Grey Friars). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that “Baldwinum tertium”, son of ”Willielmum de Vernona”, married “Margareta filia et hærede Warini filii Geraldi”[536]. She married secondly ([Oct/Dec] 1216) Fulk de Bréauté. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the marriage of "filiam…Guarini filii Giroldo", first betrothed to "Balduino filio Balduini comitis de Vecta insula", and "Falco [de Braute]"[537]. Henry III King of England granted "castrum de Plinton…de comitatu Devonie" to "Falkesie de Breaute et Margarete uxori sue" by way of "dotis ipsius Margarete…terra que fuit Baldewini filii ipsius comitis" dated [Mar] 1218[538]. "Falkes de Bréauté" owed a fine "for his relief of the lands formerly of Warin fitz Gerold, by reason of the daughter and heiress of Warin whom he has taken to wife", dated to [1217/18][539]. The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Devon, dated 1219, which includes "Margeria que fuit uxor Baldewini filii comitis…maritata domino Falconi per Regem Johannem" holding "Colintun…in hundredo de Ha[rigg]"[540]. An order dated 6 Dec 1224 required the confiscation of "the vill of Newnham that Gundrea de Warenne held in dower, which is an inheritance partible between Joan wife of Hugh de Neville, and Margaret wife of Falkes de Bréauté", with savings for "the executors of the testament of the same Gundrea"[541]. "Margaret wife of Falkes de Bréauté" made a fine "for the debts that Falkes owed the king", dated 19 Feb 1225[542]. “Margareta de Redeveris” donated property to Clerkenwell priory, for the souls of “Baldewini filii mei primogeniti et aliorum puerorum meorum”, by undated charter which names “Aliciæ de Churci matris meæ”[543]. This charter suggests that Margaret had children by her second marriage, although it is unclear why she did not use her second husband’s name in the document. Baldwin & his wife had one child:

i) BALDWIN ([1216/17]-15 Feb 1245, bur Breamore Priory, Hampshire). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Baldwinum quartum” as son of ”Baldwinum tertium” & his wife[544]. He succeeded his grandfather in 1217 as Earl of Devon, Lord of the Isle of Wight, invested with his Earldom 25 Dec 1239 at Winchester[545]. An undated writ issued after the death of "Baldwin de Ripariis sometime earl of Devon" listed his manors[546]. m (Betrothed 29 Oct 1226) as her first husband, AMICE de Clare, daughter of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford & his wife Isabel Marshal of Pembroke (27 May 1220[547]-27 Nov, before 21 Jan 1284). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “VI Kal Jun” in 1220 of “Giliberto de Clare comiti Gloucestriæ filia…Amicia”[548]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the birth in 1220 of “filiam Amiciam” to “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and his wife “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”[549]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in 1226 of “Amicia filia Gileberti comitis Glocestriæ” and “Baldwino de Ripariis comiti de Wicht”[550]. "G. de Clare earl of Gloucester" made a fine for the marriage of "his first-born daughter to Baldwin, son of Baldwin de Redvers, son of William de Redvers earl of Devon", dated to [29 Oct] 1226[551]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that “Baldwinum quartum” married “Amiciam filiam Gilberti de Clare comitis Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ”[552]. She is named as wife of Baldwin by Matthew Paris, who specifies that she was step-daughter of Richard Earl of Cornwall and names her mother[553]. Henry III King of England confirmed the betrothal of "Gilebertus de Clare comes Gloucestrie et Hertfordie…filia sua" and "Baldewino filio Baldewini de Riveres filii Willelmi de Riveres comitis Devonie" dated 29 Oct 1226[554]. She may have married secondly Robert de Guines. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. The necrology of the Priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs records the death "V Kal Dec" of "Amitia comitissa Devonie"[555]. Baldwin & his wife had two children:

(a) BALDWIN (1 Jan 1236-Paris 1262 before 13 Sep, bur Breamore Priory, Hampshire). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Baldwinum quintum postea comitum et Isabellam Albermarliæ” as the children of “Baldwinum quartum” & his wife[556]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “in nocte Circumcionis Domini” in 1235 of “filium…Baldewinum” to “Amicia filia Gileberti comitis de Clare…[et] B. de Ripariis”[557]. He succeeded his father in 1245 as Earl of Devon, Lord of the Isle of Wight. His marriage was arranged by Pierre I Comte de Savoie. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1262 of "Baldewynus comes de Insula, comes Devoniæ"[558]. The Annals of Burton record the death “in Francia apud Parisius” in 1262 of “Baldwinus comes de Insula…juvenis”[559]. Writs dated 13 Jan and 13 Jul "47 Hen III", after the death of "Baldwin de Insula earl of Devon", names "Isabel de Fortibus countess of Albemarla, late the wife of the earl of Albemarle, his sister, age variously stated as 24 and more and 25, is his heir through the death of his son"[560]. m (1257) as her first husband, AVOIE [Marguerite] de Savoie, [illegitimate] daughter of [THOMAS I Comte de Savoie & his mistress ---] (-shortly before 14 May 1292). Matthew Paris reports that "Baldewinus de Ripariis, domina regina procurante, quondam alienigenam ducit in uxorem, Sabaudiensem, ipsius reginæ consanguineam"[561]. According to L'Art de vérifier les Dates[562], Avoie was the daughter of Thomas I Comte de Savoie. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. It is argued in the Complete Peerage[563] that the wife of Baldwin de Reviers, 7th Earl of Devon, could not have been the daughter of Comte Thomas because she was referred to as 'Margaret' in other sources, Comte Thomas I's daughter of that name being the wife of Hartmann III Graf von Kyburg at the time of the earl's marriage. The Complete Peerage434 also refers to a writ on the Patent Roll of 52 Henry III "from which it appears that the king had given to the daughter [unnamed] of Thomas, sometime Count of Savoy, 500 marks on her marriage", this presumably being the widowed Countess of Devon on the occasion of her second marriage. The date of the writ matches the supposed second marriage of Avoie de Savoie, but the Complete Peerage434 assumes that the Count Thomas in question must have been Thomas II. However, the latter's second marriage (from which all his surviving legitimate children were born) took place in 1251. This would exclude the Earl and Countess of Devon having a son "John who died an infant"[564]. The possibilities therefore seem to be (a) that the Countess of Devon was the illegitimate daughter of either Comte Thomas I or of Comte Thomas II; (b) that she was the legitimate daughter of Comte Thomas I, called either Avoie or Marguerite despite his having another legitimate daughter named Marguerite; or (c) that 'Thomas' in the Patent Roll writ was an error for another Count of Savoy (although it is unclear who this might have been as all the other possibilities appear to be excluded). It is recognised that Avoie could not have been born much later than 1220 if she was the daughter of Comte Thomas I, and therefore would have been at least 17 years older than her first husband the Earl of Devon. Avoie is not mentioned in the 11 Oct 1264 will of her supposed brother Boniface Archbishop of Canterbury (which refers to his "sister the Ctss of Provence" and his "other sister the Ctss of Quibourc")[565]. Although this omission is not conclusive as the testator's other presumed two sisters, abbesses Alix and Agathe, were not mentioned either, it is somewhat surprising that he would not have mentioned a sister who was then living in England if he had one. The most likely possibility is that Avoie was illegitimate. She married secondly[566] (after 13 Jun 1269) as his second wife, Robert Aguillon of Watton, Hertfordshire (-12 Feb 1286). Some details about the earlier history of the Aguillon family near Chartres are set out by the editor of the cartulary of Notre-Dame de Josaphat[567]. Earl Baldwin & his wife had one child:

(1) JOHN ([1258/62]-young). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Johannem” as the only child of “Baldwinum quintum”, adding that he died before his father[568].

(b) ISABEL (Jul 1237-Stockwell, Surrey 10 Nov 1293, bur Breamore Priory, Hampshire). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Baldwinum quintum postea comitum et Isabellam Albermarliæ” as the children of “Baldwinum quartum” & his wife, adding that Isabel succeeded after the death of her brother without children but also died childless[569]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the birth “circa Translationem beati Thomæ martyris” in 1237 of “filiam…Isabel” to “Amicia filia Gilberti quondam comitis Gloucestriæ…[et] Baldewino de Ripariis”[570]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in 1248 of “filia comitis Devoniæ” to “comiti de Aubemarle”[571]. She succeeded her brother as Ctss of Devon, de suo iuris. Writs dated 13 Jan and 13 Jul "47 Hen III", after the death of "Baldwin de Insula earl of Devon", names "Isabel de Fortibus countess of Albemarla, late the wife of the earl of Albemarle, his sister, age variously stated as 24 and more and 25, is his heir through the death of his son"[572]. "Isabella de Fortibus comitissa de Albemarle et Devonie ac Domina Insule" confirmed donations to the abbey of Loders, Dorset, for the souls of "quondam bone memorie Willelmi de Fortibus comitis Albemalle viri nostri et pro animabus Thome et Willelmi de Fortibus filiorum predicti comitis", by charter dated to 1269, witnessed by "Dominis Johanne, filio Johannis…"[573]. “Isabella de Fortibus comitissa de Albemarle et Devoniæ, ac domina Insulæ” donated property to Quarr Abbey, for the soul of “domini mei Willielmi de Fortibus comitis Albemarliæ”, by undated charter[574]. m (1248) as his second wife, WILLIAM de Forz Lord of Holderness titular Comte d'Aumâle, son of GUILLAUME de Forz Lord of Holderness, titular Comte d'Aumâle & his wife Aveline de Montfichet ([1214/15]-Amiens 23 May 1260, bur Meaux Abbey).

5. ADELISA de Reviers (-after [1180]). Her parentage and marriage are noted in Domesday Descendants[575]. "Alicia de Revers daughter of Count Baldwin" donated revenue from the manor of Silverton to Totnes church, with the consent of "her son and heir Henry", by charter dated to [1180], witnessed by "Rogero de Nonant, Ric de Nonant…"[576]. m ROGER de Nonant, son of GUY de Nonant, Lord of Totnes, Devon & his wife Mabel --- (-[1177][577]).

B. EARLS of DEVON 1335-1556 (COURTENAY)

ROBERT de Courtenay, son of [RENAUD] de Courtenay & his wife Hawise [de Crimes/de Curcy] Lady of Okehampton (-26 Jul 1242, bur Forde Abbey, Devon). The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Robertus de Curtenay" held "terre in Sutton" in Berkshire which King Henry II had granted to "Reginaldo de Curtenay avo suo"[578]. The 1194 Pipe Roll quoted below indicates that Sutton passed to Robert de Courtenay, son of Renaud de Courtenay by his second marriage, on the death of his father. Robert, son of [Renaud], son of Renaud, may have been by-passed because of his young age, but would have inherited Sutton after the death of his uncle (or of his uncle’s son William, assuming that the latter survived his father). “Gui du Donjon chevalier” guaranteed the loyalty of “Robert de Courtenai” to the king by charter dated Nov 1217[579]. "Robert de Courtenay" was granted "full seisin…of all lands…of Hawise de Courtenay his mother" after providing security, dated 29 Oct 1219[580]. Of Okehampton. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records the death “VII Kal Aug apud Ywren manerium suum…1242” of “Robertus de Courtenay” and his burial at Ford[581].

m (after 1207) as her second husband, MARY de Vernon, widow of PIERRE de Préaux, daughter of WILLIAM de Reviers Earl of Devon & his wife Mabile de Meulan (-after 1244). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Johannam…Willielmi Brewer et Mariam Roberti de Courtney…uxores” as the two daughters of ”Willielmum de Vernona” & his wife, an earlier passage in the same source adding that “domina Maria, juniore filia domini Willielmi de Redveriis comitis Devoniæ” was the wife of “Robertus de Courtenay”[582]. Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1201 under which “Robertus Comes Melleti” granted property to “Petro de P^atett et Marie filie Willi Comitis de Insula filie Mabirie filie mee” on their marriage[583]. Henry III King of England granted "in manerio de Aulton" to "Marie uxori Roberti de Curtenay" dated [Oct] 1226[584]. Henry III King of England granted "manerium de Sedberegh" to "Marie uxori Roberti de Curtenay" in 1227[585]. The Testa de Nevill lists fees in Devon, dated 1244, which include "de dominabus, dicunt quod Maria que fuit uxor Roberti de Curtenay est de donacione domini regis et terra eius de Wymple valet x.l"[586]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 11 May "2 Edw I" following the death of [her son] "John de Corteney alias de Curtenay" record that “William de Vernoun earl of the Isle gave the manor [of Cruk] to Robert de Curtenay father of the said John in free marriage with Mary his daughter”[587].

Robert & his wife had [four] children:

1. JOHN de Courtenay of Okehampton (-3 May 1274, bur Forde Abbey, Devon). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “dominum Johannem de Courtenay” as son of “Robertus de Courtenay” and his wife “domina Maria, juniore filia domini Willielmi de Redveriis comitis Devoniæ”[588]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records the death “V Non Maii 1273” of “Johannes de Courtenay” and his burial at Ford[589]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 11 May "2 Edw I" following the death of "John de Corteney alias de Curtenay" name “Isabel sometime his wife...Hugh his son aged 24 is his next heir”, and record that “William de Vernoun earl of the Isle gave the manor [of Cruk] to Robert de Curtenay father of the said John in free marriage with Mary his daughter” and that “Hawis de Curtenay gave to [Forde abbey]...land of Hargrave...and Robert de Curtenay her son and heir confirmed the gift”[590]. m as her first husband, ISABEL de Vere, daughter of HUGH de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Hawise de Quincy (after 1223-11 Aug 1299 or after, bur Exeter Dominican Church). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that “dominum Johannem de Courtenay” married “Isabellam filiam domini Johannis de Veere comitis Oxoniæ”, that she married “Olivero de Dineham” after the death of her first husband, died “III Id Aug” and was buried “apud Fratres Prædicatores Exoniæ”[591]. She married secondly Olivier de Dineham. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. John & his wife had [two] children:

a) HUGH de Courtenay of Okehampton (-Colcombe 28 Feb 1292, bur Cowick near Exeter). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” as son of “dominum Johannem de Courtenay” and his wife “Isabellam filiam domini Johannis de Veere comitis Oxoniæ”[592]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 11 May "2 Edw I" following the death of "John de Corteney alias de Curtenay" name “Isabel sometime his wife...Hugh his son aged 24 is his next heir”[593]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records the death ”apud Colecombe III Kal Mar 1291” of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” and his burial “apud Cowick prope Exon.”[594]. m ELEANOR Le Despencer, daughter of HUGH Le Despencer & his wife Aline Basset of Wycombe, Buckinghamshire (-30 Sep 1328, bur Cowick near Exeter). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” married “Elianoram filiam…domini Hugonis le Despencer primi, patris etiam domini Hugonis le Despencer…postea comitis Winton”[595]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records the death ”1328 II Kal Oct” of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum…[vidua] domina Alianora” and her burial “prope maritum…apud Cowick”[596]. Hugh & his wife had [seven] children:

i) [ELEANOR (-before 6 Jun 1301). According to the Complete Peerage, Henry de Grey was “said to have m 1stly Eleanor daughter of Hugh de Courtenay”[597]. The same work suggests that “if this is correct” her father was Hugh who married Eleanor le Despencer. However, this does not appear to be an ideal fit from a chronological point of view, assuming that Hugh le Despencer is identified as the Hugh who was killed at the battle of Evesham in 1265. The Complete Peerage records that this Hugh le Despencer married “in or before 1260” Aline Basset, their son Hugh le Despencer being born 1 Mar 1261[598]. This would fit approximately with the estimated birth date of Hugh de Courtenay, son of Hugh de Courtenay and Eleanor, in [1275]. However, the wife of Henry de Grey would presumably have been born in the early 1260s, assuming that her marriage is correctly estimated to before [1281/82]. If that last date is correct, Eleanor, wife of Henry, would more likely have been born in the previous Courtenay generation. The problem is that a “Hugh de Courtenay” has not been identified in that earlier generation. m (before [1281/82]) as his first wife, HENRY de Grey of Codnor, Derbyshire, son of JOHN de Grey & his wife Lucy de Mohun of Dunster, Somerset (-Sep 1308). He was summoned to Parliament in 1299 whereby he is held to have become Lord Grey.]

ii) HUGH de Courtenay ([1275]-23 Dec 1340, bur Cowick, near Exeter). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Hugonem secundum…ac Philippum postea dominum de Mourton prope Dartmore” as sons of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” & his wife[599]. He succeeded his father in 1292 at Okehampton. He was summoned to parliament 6 Feb 1299, whereby he is held to have become Lord Courtenay. He was declared Earl of Devon 22 Feb 1335.

- see below.

iii) PHILIP de Courtenay (-killed in battle Stirling 24 Jun 1314). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Hugonem secundum…ac Philippum postea dominum de Mourton prope Dartmore” as sons of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” & his wife, adding that Philip was killed “VIII Kal Jul 1314 in bello Scotiæ apud Striveling”[600].

iv) ISABEL (-after Feb 1323). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Isabellam domini Johannis de St John uxorem, Avelinam domini Johannis Gifford militis uxorem, necnon Egelinam Roberti de Scales uxorem, et Margaretam Johannis de Mulis…uxorem” as the four daughters of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” & his wife[601]. A manuscript recording the founding of Boxgrove Priory, Sussex names "Isabellam filiam nobilis viri Hugonis de Cortenay" as the wife of “Johannes secundus [de sancto Johanne]”[602]. m as his first wife, JOHN de St John, son of JOHN de St John of Basing, Hampshire & his wife Alice de FitzPiers ([1271/74]-before 4 Apr 1329). He was summoned to Parliament in 1299 whereby he is held to have become Lord St John of Basing.

v) AVELINE de Courtenay (-27 Apr 1327). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Isabellam domini Johannis de St John uxorem, Avelinam domini Johannis Gifford militis uxorem, necnon Egelinam Roberti de Scales uxorem, et Margaretam Johannis de Mulis…uxorem” as the four daughters of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” & his wife[603]. Inquisitions following a writ dated 20 Aug "1 Edw III", after the death of "Avelina, late the wife of John Gyffard of Brymmesfeld…", record that "Elias Giffard…had a sister by the same father and mother named Berta, the great-grandmother of…John de Caillewe…"[604]. m JOHN Giffard Lord Giffard, son of JOHN Giffard Lord Giffard & his second wife Margaret --- ([24 Jun 1287]-[end-Apr/early May] 1322).

vi) EGELINE (-10 Oct 1335 or before). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Isabellam domini Johannis de St John uxorem, Avelinam domini Johannis Gifford militis uxorem, necnon Egelinam Roberti de Scales uxorem, et Margaretam Johannis de Mulis…uxorem” as the four daughters of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” & his wife[605]. m ROBERT de Scales, son of ROBERT de Scales Lord Scales & his wife Isabel --- ([1278/79]-20 Mar 1324). He succeeded his father in 1305 as Lord Scales.

vii) MARGARET . The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Isabellam domini Johannis de St John uxorem, Avelinam domini Johannis Gifford militis uxorem, necnon Egelinam Roberti de Scales uxorem, et Margaretam Johannis de Mulis…uxorem” as the four daughters of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” & his wife[606]. m JOHN de Mulis, son of ---.

b) [WILLIAM de Tracy . “Willielmo de Tracy, fratre Hugonis de Courtenay, Henrico filio Willielmi de Tracy” subscribed an undated charter under which “Joselinus de Pomerei” donated property to Forde Abbey for the souls of “…domini mei regis Henrici…domini fratris mei Hen. de Pomerei”[607]. It is assumed that this charter should be dated to the reign of King Henry III. If this is correct, it is likely that “Hugonis de Courtenay” was Hugh de Courtenay of Okehampton (died in 1292), although the chronology suggests that William de Tracy’s son must in that case have subscribed the charter when he was still a child. The origin of William’s name “Tracy” has not been traced. The different name suggests that William may have been Hugh’s uterine brother, although no trace has been found of the marriage of Hugh’s mother into the Tracy family. Another possibility is that William adopted the name following his marriage to a Tracy.] m ---. The name of William’s son is not known. William & his wife had one child:

i) HENRY de Tracy . “Willielmo de Tracy, fratre Hugonis de Courtenay, Henrico filio Willielmi de Tracy” subscribed an undated charter under which “Joselinus de Pomerei” donated property to Forde Abbey for the souls of “…domini mei regis Henrici…domini fratris mei Hen. de Pomerei”[608].

2. WILLIAM de Courtenay (-after 13 Jun 1249). His parentage is indicated by William Pole, in the extract cited below under his wife. m ([Oct 1247/5 Jun 1249])as her second husband, JOANNA Basset, widow of REGINALD [V] de Vautort, daughter of THOMAS Basset [II] of Headington, Oxfordshire & his wife Philippa --- (-after 13 Jun 1249). Follow her hyperlink for sources recording her first marriage. Powley indicates in a genealogical table (no sources cited) that Joanna married secondly William de Courtenay (no source cited)[609]. This indication is presumably based on William Pole (early 1600s?) who records that “Joane, first married unto Reginald de Valletort, & 2, unto Sr William de Courtenay, Kt, brother of John Lo. Courtenay”, noting that she gave her part of “Coliton” (inherited from the Basset family) to “Willm Courtenay her husband, & died without issue, for as that moyetye descended in the family of ye Courtenays, Erles of Devon” (no sources cited)[610]. Her second marriage is also indicated by a document dated 5 Jun 1249 which records the settlement of a dispute between “Thomas Corbeth, claimant” and “Ralph de Valle Torta, deforciant” concerning “the manor of Syluerton, which manor William de Curtenay & Joan his wife held as the dower of Joan [suggesting that Joan was a widow when she married William, her first husband’s brother being responsible for settling her dower after he died] of the inheritance of the aforesaid Ralph on the day this agreement was made”, with the manor “[which] after Joan’s death ought to revert to Ralph & his heirs for ever, shall then remain to Thomas & his heirs quit of Ralph & his heirs for ever”[611]. A document dated 13 Jun 1249 records the settlement of a dispute between “Walter de Bathonia, claimant” and “Ralph de Valletorta, deforciant” concerning “ploughland…in Clauton, which…Joan de Valletorta, wife of William de Curtenay, aforetime held in dower of the inheritance of the said Ralph [which] she let the same to Walter during the term of her life before the said William de Curtenay took her to wife…”, “being present the said William & Joan & consenting thereto”[612].

3. [ROBERT (-after 9 Jul 1250). Pope Innocent IV granted indult to “Robert clerk son of Mary de Cortenay, of the diocese of Bath to hold one benefice or dignity besides the two which he now has...”, dated 9 Jul 1250[613]. It is supposed that Robert was the son of Robert de Courtenay and his wife Mary de Vernon as no other “Mary de Cortenay” has been identified at the time, although as noted above no other source has yet been found that Mary was still alive in 1250.]

4. [REGINALD (-after 9 Jul 1250). Pope Innocent IV granted indult to “Reginald clerk son of Mary de Cortenay to hold two benefices...besides the church of Hestengron in the diocese of Bath...”, dated 9 Jul 1250[614]. It is supposed that Reginald was the son of Robert de Courtenay and his wife Mary de Vernon as no other “Mary de Cortenay” has been identified at the time, although as noted above no other source has yet been found that Mary was still alive in 1250.]

HUGH de Courtenay, son of HUGH de Courtenay of Okehampton, Devon & his wife Eleanor le Despencer ([1275]-23 Dec 1340, bur Cowick, near Exeter). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Hugonem secundum” as son of “Hugonem de Courtnay primum” & his wife[615]. He succeeded his father in 1292 at Okehampton. He was summoned to parliament 6 Feb 1299, whereby he is held to have become Lord Courtenay. He was declared Earl of Devon 22 Feb 1335.

m (1292) AGNES de St John, daughter of JOHN de St John of Basing, Hampshire & his wife Alice FitzPiers ([1274/75]-Tiverton 11 Jun 1345, bur 27 Jun 1345 Cowick, near Exeter). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that ”dominus Hugo secundus” married “dominæ Agnetæ sorori sororii sui domini Johannis de St. John” when she was 17 years old[616]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records the death “1340 die Dominica in festo sanctæ Trinitatis et sancti Barnabæ Apostoli…apud Tiverton” of “domina Agneta de Courtnay comitissa Devoniæ” and her burial “apud Cowick prope Exon.”[617].

Hugh & his wife had six children:

1. JOHN de Courtenay (-before 11 Jul 1349). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names (in order) “Johannem…Hugonem tertium…Robertum…ac Thomam” as the sons of ”dominus Hugo secundus” & his wife, adding that John became abbot at Tavistock[618].

2. HUGH (12 Jul 1303-2 May 1377, bur Exeter Cathedral). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names (in order) “Johannem…Hugonem tertium…Robertum…ac Thomam” as the sons of ”dominus Hugo secundus” & his wife, adding that John became abbot at Tavistock[619]. He was summoned to parliament 23 Apr 1337, whereby he is held to have become Lord Courtenay. He succeeded his father in 1340 as Earl of Devon. m (contract 27 Sep 1314[620], 11 Aug 1325) MARGARET de Bohun, daughter of HUMPHREY de Bohun Earl of Hertford and Essex & his wife Elizabeth of England (-16 Dec 1391, bur Exeter Cathedral). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records the marriage ”1325 III Id Aug” of “Hugonem tertium” and “dominæ Margaretæ filiæ comitis Herefordiæ domini Humphredi de Bohun”, adding that her mother was “dominam Elizabetham…regis…Edwardi…primi filiam”[621]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the second Margaret married (after the death of her father) “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire”[622]. The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, chose burial “in the cathedral church of Exeter”, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[623]. Earl Hugh & his wife had seventeen children:

a) HUGH de Courtenay (22 Mar 1327-before 2 Sep 1349, bur Forde Abbey). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names ”Hugonem…quartum…Thomam, Edwardum, Johannem, Margaretam, Elizabetham, Catherinam” as the children of “Hugonem tertium” and his wife, adding that Hugh was born “1327 XI Kal Apr”[624]. m ([Jan/Aug] 1341) as her first husband, ELIZABETH de Vere, daughter of JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Matilda Badlesmere (-[Aug/Sep] 1375). She married secondly, as his second wife, John de Mowbray Lord Mowbray, and thirdly (before 18 Jan 1369) William de Cosynton. Hugh & his wife had one child:

i) HUGH (-20 Feb 1374). He was summoned to parliament 8 Jan 1371, whereby he is held to have become Lord Courtenay. m firstly (before May 1361) MARGARET de Bryan, daughter of GUY de Bryan Lord Bryan & his [first wife ---] (-after 1361). m secondly (Papal dispensation 5 Sep 1363) MATILDA de Holand, daughter of THOMAS de Holand Earl of Kent & his wife Joan Ctss of Kent ([1359]-before 13 Apr 1392). She married secondly (contract 18 Jul 1379, 1380) as his first wife, Valéran de Luxembourg Comte de Ligny et de Saint-Pol. A charter dated 18 Jul 1379 records the release from captivity of “Walrand de Lussenbourgh comte de Seint Poul prisoner de nostre...Roy” and the agreement for his marriage to “[la] dame de Courtenay”[625].

b) MARGARET de Courtenay (-after 28 Jan 1391, bur Cobham). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[626]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names ”Hugonem…quartum…Thomam, Edwardum, Johannem, Margaretam, Elizabetham, Catherinam” as the children of “Hugonem tertium” and his wife[627]. The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[628]. m ([1332/33]) JOHN de Cobham, son of JOHN de Cobham Lord Cobham & his first wife Joan Beauchamp (-10 Jan 1408, bur Grey Friars London). He succeeded his father in 1355 as Lord Cobham.

c) ELIZABETH de Courtenay (-7 Aug 1395). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[629]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names ”Hugonem…quartum…Thomam, Edwardum, Johannem, Margaretam, Elizabetham, Catherinam” as the children of “Hugonem tertium” and his wife[630]. The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[631]. m firstly ([Jul] 1341) JOHN de Vere, son of JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Matilda de Badlesmere ([Dec 1335]-before 23 Jun 1350, bur Colne Priory). m secondly ([Jul 1359]) ANDREW Luterel of Chaton, Devon, son of ---.

d) THOMAS de Courtenay . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[632]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names ”Hugonem…quartum…Thomam, Edwardum, Johannem, Margaretam, Elizabetham, Catherinam” as the children of “Hugonem tertium” and his wife[633].

e) EDWARD de Courtenay of Goodrington (-[1364/72]). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[634].

- see below.

f) JOHN Courtenay . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[635]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names ”Hugonem…quartum…Thomam, Edwardum, Johannem, Margaretam, Elizabetham, Catherinam” as the children of “Hugonem tertium” and his wife[636].

g) ELEANOR de Courtenay . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[637].

h) KATHERINE de Courtenay (-31 Dec 1399). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[638]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names ”Hugonem…quartum…Thomam, Edwardum, Johannem, Margaretam, Elizabetham, Catherinam” as the children of “Hugonem tertium” and his wife[639]. A manuscript concerning the history of Fineshade priory, Northamptonshire, dated 1376, records that “Thomam Engaine” married "dominam Katerinam filiam comitis Devoniæ" but died childless[640]. The will of "Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord of Brecknock", dated 10 Oct 1361 and proved 20 Oct 1361, bequeathed property to “our...nephew Humphrey de Bohun...Elizabeth our niece of Northampton...our niece Dame Catherine d’Engayne...our sister Countess of Ormond, our brother Mons. Hugh de Courtenay Earl of Devonshire...our sister Countess of Devonshire...”[641]. The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[642]. m (before 18 Oct 1353) THOMAS Engaine of Laxton, Huntingdonshire, son of JOHN Engaine Lord Engaine & his wife Joan Peverel of Castle Ashby, Northamptonshire ([1334/35]-29 Jun 1367). He succeeded his father in 1358 as Lord Engaine.

i) GUINEVERE de Courtenay . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[643].

j) WILLIAM (-31 Jul 1396). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[644]. Bishop of Hereford 1370. Bishop of London 1375. Archbishop of Canterbury 1381.

k) HUMPHREY de Courtenay . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[645].

l) JOHN de Courtenay . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[646].

m) ISABEL de Courtenay . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[647].

n) PHILIP de Courtenay of Powderham Castle, Devon (-1406). The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[648]. m ANNE Wake, daughter of THOMAS Wake of Blisworth, Northamptonshire and Deeping, Lincolnshire & his wife Alice de Pateshull. This couple were ancestors of the later EARLS of DEVON, declared as such by the House of Lords 14 May 1831[649]. Philip & his wife had children:

i) MARGARET de Courtenay (-after 28 Jan 1391). The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[650].

o) ANNE de Courtenay (-after 28 Jan 1391). The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[651].

p) PETER de Courtenay (-1409). The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[652].

q) JOAN de Courtenay (-after 28 Jan 1391). The will of "Margaret de Courtney Countess of Devon", dated 28 Jan 1391, bequeathed property to “Margaret the daughter of my son Philip...William my son Archbishop of Canterbury...my daughter Cobham...my daughter Lutterell...my daughter Engaine...my son the Earl of Devon...my son Philip...my daughter Lady Ann Courtney...my son Peter...Joan my daughter...”[653].

3. ROBERT de Courtenay . The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names (in order) “Johannem…Hugonem tertium…Robertum…ac Thomam” as the sons of ”dominus Hugo secundus” & his wife, adding that Robert died young[654].

4. THOMAS de Courtenay . The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names (in order) “Johannem…Hugonem tertium…Robertum…ac Thomam” as the sons of ”dominus Hugo secundus” & his wife[655]. m MURIEL, daughter and heiress of JOHN de Mules & his wife ---. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that Thomas, son of ”dominus Hugo secundus”, married “Murielæ senioris filiæ et hæredis domini Johannis de Mules”[656].

5. ELEANOR de Courtenay (-before 20 Oct 1330). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names (in order) “Elianoram…et Elizabetham” as the two daughters of ”dominus Hugo secundus” & his wife, adding that Eleanor married “Johanni de Gray” but died childless[657]. m (before 4 Sep 1325) as his first wife, JOHN de Grey, son of RICHARD de Grey Lord Grey of Codnor & his wife Joan FitzPayn (-14 Dec 1392, bur Aylesford Kent). He succeeded his father in 1335 as Lord Grey of Codnor.

6. ELIZABETH de Courtenay (-after Apr 1364). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names (in order) “Elianoram…et Elizabetham” as the two daughters of ”dominus Hugo secundus” & his wife, adding that Elizabeth married “domini Bartholomei de Lydell”[658]. m (1329 or before) BARTHOLOMEW de Lisle, son of JOHN de Lisle Lord Lisle & his wife Pernel --- ([1307/08]-15 Aug 1345). He succeeded his father in 1331 as Lord Lisle.

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

EDWARD de Courtenay of Goodrington, son of HUGH de Courtenay Earl of Devon & his wife Margaret de Bohun (-[1364/72]). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Hugo et Margareta de Courtenay, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edwardus, Johannes, Alianore, Caterina, Guenevera, Willielmus, Humfredus, Johannes et Isabella” as the children of “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire” and his wife Margaret[659]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names ”Hugonem…quartum…Thomam, Edwardum, Johannem, Margaretam, Elizabetham, Catherinam” as the children of “Hugonem tertium” and his wife[660].

m EMMELINE Dawnay, daughter of EDWARD Dawnay & his wife --- (-1372 before 20 Sep).

Edward & his wife had two children:

1. EDWARD de Courtenay ([1357]-5 Dec 1419). He succeeded his grandfather in 1377 as Earl of Devon. He went blind a long time before he died[661]. m MATILDA, daughter of ---. The Complete Peerage says that she is “said to be daughter of Thomas Camoys Lord Camoys” but does not give the primary source reference on which this is based nor explain why there is any doubt about the matter. Edward & his wife had three children:

a) EDWARD de Courtenay ([1388]-Aug 1418). He was styled Lord Courtenay. He served in the French wars and fought at Agincourt 25 Oct 1415. Admiral of the Fleet May-Aug 1418. m ([13 May 1406/20 Nov 1409]) ELEANOR Mortimer, daughter of ROGER [VII] de Mortimer Earl of March & his wife Eleanor de Holand ([1395]-after Jan 1414). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Annæ et Alianoræ” as the daughters of “Rogerus comes Marchiæ et Ultoniæ”, adding that Eleanor died childless[662]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that Eleanor married “--- Courtney, primogeniti comitis Devoniæ”[663].

b) HUGH de Courtenay (1389-16 Jun 1422). He succeeded his father in 1419 as Earl of Devon. m ANNE Talbot, daughter of RICHARD Talbot Lord Talbot & his wife Ankaret le Strange (-16 Jan 1441). Hugh & his wife had one child:

i) THOMAS (1414-Abingdon Abbey 3 Feb 1458). He succeeded his father in 1422 as Earl of Devon. m (after 1421) MARGARET Beaufort, daughter of JOHN Beaufort Earl of Somerset & his wife Margaret Holand of Kent . A late 15th century/early 16th century manuscript names “Johamem aliter Henricum comitem Somersecie qui cito moritur, Thomam qui moritur, Edmundum ducem Somersecie, Joh[anname reginam Scotorum et Margaretam comitissam Devoni]” as the children of “Johannes Bowfurth comes Somersecie”[664]. Thomas & his wife had five children:

(a) THOMAS de Courtenay (1432-beheaded York 3 Apr 1461). He succeeded his father in 1458 as Earl of Devon. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Towton 29 Mar 1461 and beheaded, whereupon all his honours became forfeited. [665]m (after 9 Sep 1456) as her first husband, MARIE bâtarde de Maine, illegitimate daughter of CHARLES Comte du Maine [Anjou-Valois] & his mistress ---. She married [secondly] --- Seigneur d'Auricher[666]. Her brother Charles Comte du Maine awarded her a pension at Péronne 17 Feb 1470[667]. She may have been the "Countess of Devonshire" captured with Queen Margaret (who would have been her cousin) after the battle of Tewskesbury in 1471[668].

(b) HENRY (-beheaded 17 Jan 1469). He received the manor of Topham from King Edward IV 27 Jul 1461. He was beheaded for treason.

(c) JOHN Courtenay (-killed in battle Tewkesbury 4 May 1471, bur Tewkesbury). The attainder on his brother was reversed on the restoration of King Henry VI 9 Oct 1470 and John was restored as Earl of Devon. His honours were forfeited once more after King Henry's defeat at the battle of Barnet 14 Apr 1471.

(d) JOAN . A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Joan 1st wedd. to Roger Clifford, Nt., after to Sire William Knyvett, Knt" as daughter of "Margaret Countess of Devonshire"[669]. m firstly ROGER Clifford, son of --- (-beheaded 1485). m secondly WILLIAM Knyvet, son of ---.

(e) ELIZABETH . A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "---, wedded to Hugh Conway, Knt" as daughter of "Margaret Countess of Devonshire"[670]. m HUGH Conway, son of ---.

c) ELIZABETH (-28 Oct 1471). m firstly JOHN de Harington Lord Harington, son of ROBERT de Haverington Lord Harington & his [second wife Isabel Cogan née Loring] ([1383/84]-11 Feb 1418). m secondly ([May 1426/9 Oct 1427]) as his second wife, WILLIAM Bonville of Chewton, Somerset, son of JOHN Bonville & his wife Elizabeth FitzRoger (-executed 18 Feb 1461). He was summoned to Parliament in 1449 whereby he is held to have become Lord Bonville.

2. HUGH de Courtenay of Goodrington and Stancombe, Devon (-5/6 Mar 1425). m firstly (pardon for marrying without royal licence 11 Feb 1393) as her second husband, ELIZABETH Cogan, widow of FULK FitzWarin [IX] Lord FitzWarin, daughter of WILLIAM Cogan of Bampton, Devon & his second wife Isabel Loring of Chalgrave, Bedfordshire ([1373/74]-29 Oct 1397). m secondly PHILIPPA Arcedekne, daughter of WARIN Arcedekene & his wife Elizabeth Talbot of Richard’s Castle, Herefordshire. m thirdly MATILDA Beaumont, daughter of JOHN Beaumont of Sherwell, Dorset & his wife ---. Hugh & his second wife had one child:

a) JOAN Courtenay . m firstly NICHOLAS Carew of Carew, son of THOMAS Carew & his wife Elizabeth Bonville of Shute (-1446). m secondly ROBERT de Vere, son of RICHARD de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Alice Sergeaux.

Hugh & his third wife had two children:

b) HUGH de Courtenay of Boconnock, Cornwall (-killed in battle Tewkesbury 5 May 1471[671]). m MARGARET Carminow, daughter of THOMAS Carminow of Carminow & his wife ---. Hugh & his wife had six children:

i) EDWARD Courtenay (-28 May 1509). He was created Earl of Devon 26 Oct 1485 by King Henry VII.

- see below.

ii) WALTER Courtenay (-after 1484). He participated, with his brother, in the uprising of the duke of Buckingham against King Richard III and fled abroad after it failed[672].

iii) MATILDA Courtenay . A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] records that "John Arundell", son of "Thomas Arundell, knt, wedded dau of Durnford", married "Maud sister of the Earl of Devonshire"[673]. m JOHN Arundel of Talkern, son of JOHN Arundel & his wife --- of Durnford. Ancestors of the Barons Arundell of Wardour[674].

iv) ELIZABETH Courtenay . The estates of Edward Earl of Devon were divided between the descendants of his four great-great aunts after his death in 1556[675]. m JOHN Trethrif, son of ---.

v) ISABEL Courtenay . m WILLIAM Mohun of Hall, Lanteglos, Cornwall, son of ---. Ancestors of the family of Mohun of Boconnock, extinct 1712[676].

vi) FLORENCE Courtenay . m JOHN Trelawny of Trelawny, son of JOHN Trelawny & his wife Jane Powna[677].

c) MARGARET Courtenay . m THEOBALD Grenville, son of ---.

EDWARD Courtenay, son of HUGH Courtenay of Boconnock, Cornwall & his wife Margaret Carminow (-28 May 1509). He was created Earl of Devon 26 Oct 1485 by King Henry VII.

m ELIZABETH Courtenay, daughter of PHILIP Courtenay of Molland, Devon & his wife --- Hingeston (-before her husband, bur Tiverton, Devon).

Edward & his wife had one child:

1. WILLIAM Courtenay ([1475]-Greenwich 9 Jun 1511, bur London, Black Friars). He was styled Lord Courtenay. He was imprisoned by King Henry VIII from 1503 to 1509 for alleged complicity in the rebellion of the Earl of Suffolk and attainted. He was therefore disabled from inheriting his father's earldom. He found favour with King Henry VIII, his attainder being reversed 9 May 1511. He was created Earl of Devon 10 May 1511, although he died before his investiture. He died of pleurisy[678]. m (Oct 1495 or before) KATHERINE of York, daughter of EDWARD IV King of England & his wife Lady Elizabeth Wydeville (Eltham Palace, Kent 14 Aug 1479-Tiverton Castle, Devon 15 Nov 1527, bur 3 Dec 1527 Tiverton Parish Church). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Elizabeth Queen of England, Cecily Viscountess Welles, The Lady Anne, The Lady Katherine, wedded to the Earl of Devonshire’s son and heir, Madam Bridget, nun" as daughters of "King Edward the Fourth"[679]. William & his wife had two children:

a) HENRY ([1498]-beheaded Tower Hill 9 Jan 1539). He succeeded his father in 1511 as Earl of Devon. He obtained a reversal of his father's attainder in Dec 1512 and so succeeded to his grandfather's earldom. He was created Marquess of Exeter 18 Jun 1525. He became involved in the conspiracy of the Pole family, was taken prisoner, found guilty of high treason and executed. He was attainted and his earldom was therefore forfeited. m firstly (after Jun 1515) ELIZABETH Grey Baroness Lisle, daughter of JOHN Grey Viscount Lisle & his wife Muriel Howard of Norfolk ([25] Mar 1505-[31 Mar/12 May] 1519). m secondly (25 Oct 1519) GERTRUDE Blount, daughter of WILLIAM Blount Baron Mountjoy & his first wife Elizabeth Saye ([1503/07]-25 Sep 1558, bur Wimborne Minster, Dorset). She was arrested 5 Nov 1538 and kept in prison until released by Queen Mary I who reversed her attainder and to whom she became lady in waiting. Earl Henry & his second wife had two children:

i) HENRY (-young).

ii) EDWARD (1526-Padua 18 Sep 1556, bur Padua St Antonio). He was created Earl of Devon 3 Sep 1553 by Queen Mary.

b) MARGARET Courtenay (-15 Apr 1526). m (Papal dispensation 15 Jun 1514) as his first wife, HENRY Somerset, son of CHARLES Somerset Earl of Worcester & his first wife Elizabeth Baroness Herbert ([1495/96]-26 Nov 1549, bur Chepstow). He succeeded his father in 1526 as Earl of Worcester.

Chapter 5. ESSEX

According to the Complete Peerage, the Mandeville family probably derive their name from Manneville or Colmesnil-Manneville in the present-day French département of Seine-Maritime[680]. Geoffrey de Mandeville, who was presumably the first of the family who came to England from Normandy, held several manors in Essex at the time of Domesday Book. The absence of information on his origin or career in Normandy, as well as the doubt concerning his home town, implies a modest background from a milieu whose personal activities went unrecorded or for which records have rarely survived. His grandson Geoffrey was created Earl of Essex successively by King Stephen and Empress Matilda in 1140 and 1141 respectively. After the death without issue of William de Mandeville Earl of Essex in 1189, the inheritance fell to his aunt Beatrice de Say, whose granddaughter's husband, Geoffrey FitzPiers, was eventually installed as Earl of Essex ten years after his predecessor's death and adopted the name "Mandeville". Geoffrey’s two sons succeeded to the title, but on the death of William de Mandeville, the younger, in 1227 it passed to the family of his sister, widow of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford. The earldom remained in the Bohun family until the death of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex in 1373, when it passed to his daughter Eleanor, wife of Thomas "of Woodstock" Duke of Gloucester, son of Edward III King of England. On her death in 1399 without surviving male heirs, the rights to the earldom passed to her three surviving daughters although the title was not attributed again until 1461 when it was accorded to Henry Bourchier Comte d'Eu, eldest son of Anne who was the eldest daughter of Thomas "of Woodstock" (youngest son of King Edward III). The earldom of Essex became extinct on the death in 1540 of Henry Bourchier Earl of Essex. It was created once more in favour of Thomas Cromwell Baron Cromwell in 1540, but he was attainted and executed only two months later. The earldom was in 1543 conferred on William Parr Baron Parr, who was the son-in-law of the previous earl Henry Bourchier, despite the fact that he had repudiated his wife and obtained an Act of Parliament declaring their children bastards earlier the same year. He was attainted in 1553, whereby all his honours were forfeited. In 1572, William Devereux Viscount Hereford was created Earl of Essex, the earldom remaining in his family until 1646.

A. EARLS of ESSEX 1140-1189 (MANDEVILLE)

1. RAOUL de Mandeville (-after 1081). "…Rodulfo de Magnavilla…" witnessed the charter dated 1081 under which "Eudo vicecomes pagi Constantini" donated property to the abbey of Marmoutier[681].

2. RALPH de Mandeville . m ---. The name of Ralph’s wife is not known. Ralph & his wife had one child.

a) THOMAS de Mandeville . “Thomas de Mandeuilla” donated land “de Erpefprd, quam pater meus Radulfus de Mandeuilla...concessit” to Colchester St. John, by undated charter, witnessed by “Gaufrido de Mandeuilla...”[682].

Two brothers, parents not known:

1. ROGER de Mandeville (-after 1104). A charter dated 1104 records donations to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur by "Nigellus presbyter de Geroville et Rogerus frater eius et Briennius filius ipsius", witnessed by "Rogero de Magnevilla et Gaufrido fratre suo…"[683]. m AGNES, daughter of ---. A manuscript at Caen, which commemorates the death of Abbess Mathilde, daughter of William I King of England, names "Gislebertus filius Rogerii de Magnevilla, Agnes mater eius" among the deceased at "sanctæ Mariæ Montisburgi"[684]. Roger & his wife had one child:

a) GILBERT de Mandeville . A manuscript at Caen, which commemorates the death of Abbess Mathilde, daughter of William I King of England, names "Gislebertus filius Rogerii de Magnevilla, Agnes mater eius" among the deceased at "sanctæ Mariæ Montisburgi"[685].

2. GEOFFREY de Mandeville (-after 1104). “…Josfridi de Magna Villa…” witnessed the charter dated to [1070/75] under which William I King of England donated Plumstead to St Augustine’s, Canterbury[686]. “Godefridus de Magnavilla” founded Hurley Priory, Berkshire, for the souls of “uxoris meæ Lecelinæ…Athalaisæ primæ uxoris meæ, matris filiorum meorum iam defunctæ”, by undated charter witnessed by “Lecelina domina uxor mea, Willielmus de Magnavilla…”[687]. "…Goffridum de Mannavilla…" witnessed the charter under which William I King of England confirmed the rights of Ely abbey[688]. Domesday Book records the land of “Geoffrey de Mandeville” in Brixton, Wallington and Woking Hundreds in Surrey, in Berkshire including in Kintbury Hundred and Lambourn Hundred, properties in Middlesex and Hertfordshire[689]. He held the manors of Great Waltham, Saffron Walden, High Easter and Pleshey, in Essex, as well as other manors in other counties in Domesday Book[690]. A charter dated 1104 records donations to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur by "Nigellus presbyter de Geroville et Rogerus frater eius et Briennius filius ipsius", witnessed by "Rogero de Magnevilla et Gaufrido fratre suo…"[691]. m firstly ADELAIS, daughter of --- (-before [1085]). “Godefridus de Magnavilla” founded Hurley Priory, Berkshire, for the souls of “…Athalaisæ primæ uxoris meæ, matris filiorum meorum iam defunctæ”, by undated charter[692]. m secondly (before [1085]) LESCELINE, daughter of ---. “Godefridus de Magnavilla” founded Hurley Priory, Berkshire, for the souls of “uxoris meæ Lecelinæ…”, by undated charter witnessed by “Lecelina domina uxor mea, Willielmus de Magnavilla…”[693]. Geoffrey & his first wife had four children:

a) WILLIAM de Mandeville (-[1116][694]). “Godefridus de Magnavilla” founded Hurley Priory, Berkshire, for the souls of “uxoris meæ Lecelinæ…”, by undated charter witnessed by “Lecelina domina uxor mea, Willielmus de Magnavilla…”[695]. ”Walterus de Gant, filius et hæres Gisilberti de Gant” restored Bardney Abbey in 1115, witnessed by “Roberto de ---, Willielmo nepote meo constabulario Cestriæ, Willielmo de Mandevill…”[696]. m ([1100/05]) as her first husband, MARGUERITE, daughter of EUDES de Rie, dapifer, of Colchester, Essex & his wife Rohese ---. The Genealogia Fundatoris of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names “Margareta” as daughter of “Eudoni dapifero Regis Normanniæ”, adding that she married “Willielmo de Mandavill” by whom she was mother of “Gaufridi filii comitis Essexiæ et iure matris Normanniæ dapifer”[697]. According to the Complete Peerage, this genealogy is “probably erroneous” but it does not explain the basis for the doubts[698]. She married secondly ([1116/19]) Ottiwell. This second marriage is suggested by the charter dated [1141/42] under which Empress Matilda made various grants of property including a grant to "Willelmo filio Otuel fratri…Comitis Gaufredi"[699]. The only contemporary Ottiwell who has so far been identified was Ottiwell FitzHugh, illegitimate son of Hugh Earl of Chester. William & his wife had [three] children:

i) GEOFFREY ([1100/05]-Mildenhall, Suffolk 14 or 16 Sep 1144, bur 1163 New Temple Church). The Genealogia Fundatoris of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names “Gaufridi filii comitis Essexiæ et iure matris Normanniæ dapifer” as son of “Willielmo de Mandavill” and his wife “Margareta”[700]. He was created Earl of Essex in 1140 and 1141.

- see below.

ii) BEATRIX ([1105]-[Rickling, Essex] 19 Apr [1197 or before], bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript listing property of Walden abbey states, quoting a charter of Stephen King of England dated 1147, that “sororem suam…Beatricem” (referring to "Galfridus Essexiæ comes") married "Hugoni Talebot" from whom she was divorced and secondly "Willielmo de Saye"[701]. She became the heiress of her nephew William de Mandeville Earl of Essex, her son by her second husband, Geoffrey, being allowed to occupy her place in view of her age[702]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Beatrix de Mandavilla domina de Say, soror Galfridi primi, fundatoris, et amita Willielmi” succeeded her nephew[703]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1200 of “Beatrix de Say, soror fundatoris nostri et uxor Willielmi de Say” and her burial in the abbey[704]. m firstly (divorced) HUGH [III] Talbot, son of ---. m secondly WILLIAM de Say, son of [JORDAN de Say & his wife Lucy de Rumilly] (-[1155][705]). He fought with his brother-in-law at the siege of Burwell Castle in Aug 1144.

iii) [ALICE . Round suggests Alice’s parentage and marriage based on a charter in which "Adelid" Capra names William Earl of Essex as her "nepos"[706]. m WILLIAM "Capra", son of ---. Empress Matilda made various grants of property by charter dated to [1141/42] including a grant of "terram patris sui" to "Willelmus Cap’"[707].]

b) WALTER . He held the manor of Broomfield, Essex from his father in 1086[708]. m ---. The name of Walter’s wife is not known. Walter & his wife had [one possible child]:

i) [WILLIAM .] m ---. The name of William’s wife is not known. The descendants shown below are as noted in Domesday Descendants[709]. However, as stated below, one of the details, stated in Domesday Descendants, is incorrect. It has not yet been possible to verify the other information. William & his wife had three children:

(a) WALTER de Mandeville . m firstly ADELISA, daughter of ---. m secondly MIRABEL, daughter of OGER of Broomfield & his wife ---.

(b) GILBERT . He succeeded his brother Walter[710].

(c) GEOFFREY FitzWilliam de Mandeville (-after 1200). m ---. The name of Geoffrey’s wife is not known. According to Domesday Descendants, Geoffrey FitzWilliam married "Matilda, daughter of John de Bidun & Alice Mauduit"[711]. However, this is incorrect, as Matilda married Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey, as shown in the UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY documents. Geoffrey & his wife had one child:

(1) WILLIAM FitzGeoffrey . King John confirmed the grant made by "Hug de Bellocampo" of "terram…in Chelardeston" to "Willelmo fil Gaufr…in maritagio cum Olyva sorore predicti Hug" by charter dated 5 Jun 1200[712]. m OLIVA de Beauchamp, daughter of OLIVER de Beauchamp & his wife Agnes ---. King John confirmed the grant made by "Hug de Bellocampo" of "terram…in Chelardeston" to "Willelmo fil Gaufr…in maritagio cum Olyva sorore predicti Hug" by charter dated 5 Jun 1200[713]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Oliverus frater suus primogenitus" settled a claim against "de Bello Campo…Hugo" by returning "Chelardeston" which Oliver granted to "Willelmo filio Gaufridi cum filia sua in maritagio"[714]. Her son was heir to her brother Roger de Beauchamp, as shown by the order dated 6 Dec 1221 which records that "John son of William, nephew and heir of Roger de Beauchamp" paid a fine for the lands of "Eton and Sandon…formerly of Roger his uncle" in Bedfordshire[715]. She must have died before that date otherwise she would have been Roger’s heir.

c) RICHARD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

d) BEATRIX . William I King of England confirmed the donations in Balham and Walton by "Godfrey son of Count Eustace on behalf of his wife Beatrice, with the consent of Geoffrey de Mandeville", by charter dated to [1076/84][716]. Domesday Book records land held from “Geoffrey son of Count Eustace” in Carshalton, Surrey, adding that "Geoffrey de Mandeville gave him this land with his daughter"[717]. m ([1076/85]) GEOFFROY de Boulogne of Carshalton, illegitimate son of EUSTACHE [II] Comte de Boulogne & his mistress --- (-after 1100).

The relationship, if any, between the following person and the main Mandeville family has not been ascertained.

1. NIGEL de Mandeville (-after 1103). The Annals of Bermondsey which record the donation in 1103 by “Nigellus de Matildaevilla” of “terram de Balgham” to the monastery with the consent of “uxore sua”[718]. m --- (-after 1103). The Annals of Bermondsey which record the donation in 1103 by “Nigellus de Matildaevilla” of “terram de Balgham” to the monastery with the consent of “uxore sua”[719].

GEOFFREY de Mandeville, son of WILLIAM de Mandeville & his wife [Margaret de Rie] ([1100/05]-Mildenhall, Suffolk 14 or 16 Sep 1144, bur 1163 New Temple Church). The Genealogia Fundatoris of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names “Gaufridi filii comitis Essexiæ et iure matris Normanniæ dapifer” as son of “Willielmo de Mandavill” and his wife “Margareta”[720]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Gaufr de Manevilla" in Oxfordshire[721]. King Stephen created him Earl of Essex by charter at Westminster [Jun/Dec] 1140. He deserted the king after the battle of Lincoln in Feb 1141, and obtained another charter of the earldom of Essex from Empress Matilda in [Jun] 1141 which also appointed him hereditary Justice and Sheriff of London, Middlesex, Essex and Hertfordshire. He was charged with treason in [Oct] 1143, arrested at St Albans and forced to surrender his castles of Walden, Pleshey and the Tower. He then revolted, sacked Cambridge and besieged Burwell Castle, Cambridgeshire, in the course of which he was mortally wounded[722]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “XVI Kal Oct 1144” of “Galfridus de Mandavilla…fundator noster”[723].

m as her first husband, ROHESE de Vere, daughter of AUBREY de Vere, Chamberlain of England & his wife Adelisa de Clare ([1105/10]-after 1166, bur Chicksand Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Galfridus de Mandavilla…fundator noster” married “Rosam sororem Albredi de Oxenford”[724]. As her son by her first marriage, Arnulf de Mandeville, received a grant of property in [1141/42] (placing his birth to [1120/25]), it is likely that Rohese was one of her parents’ older children. “G de Magnavilla et Roeisa uxor eius” donated property to Hurley Priory, Berkshire by undated charter[725]. She married secondly Payn de Beauchamp Lord of Bedford, with whom she founded the priory of Chicksand where she was buried[726]. “Paganum et comitissam Roheis…sponsa mea” donated property to Thorney Monastery, by undated charter witnessed by “…Ivo Taillebois…”[727].

Earl Geoffrey & his wife had [four] children:

1. ERNULF ([1120/25]-1178). Empress Matilda made various grants of property by charter dated to [1141/42] including a grant to "Ernulf de Mannavill" and service of knights "de comite Gaufredo patre suo"[728]. Son of Geoffrey according to Matthew Paris, who records his capture and exile after his father's death in 1144[729]. He held the manors of Highworth, Wiltshire and Kingham, Oxfordshire[730]. Geoffrey Earl of Essex confirmed grants of lands in Sawbridgworth by Warin FitzGerold camerarius regis and by his brother Henry to Robert Blund of London by charter dated to [1157/58], witnessed by "Roesia com matre mea, Eust[achia] com[itissa], Ernulfo de Mannavilla fratre meo, Willelmo filio Otuwel patruo meo…"[731]. Geoffrey Earl of Essex granted "terram de Caingeham" to "Ernulfo de Mandavilla fratri meo" by undated charter[732]. William Earl of Essex confirmed the donation of "villa de Kahingeham" to "Ernulfo de Mandavilla fratri meo" by undated charter, witnessed by "Comite Albrico, Simone de Bellocampo, Gaufrido de Say…"[733]. "Arnulfus de Mandeuilla" donated "villam de Chaingeham" to "Radulfo de Mandeuilla filio meo" by undated charter[734]. m ALICE de Oilly, daughter of ROBERT de Oilly of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire & his wife Edith Forne [of Greystoke, Cumberland]. "Gaufridus de Mandeuile" confirmed "terre quam Aaliz mater mea…Ernulfus de Mandeuile pater meus" donated to Osney by undated charter[735]. Her parentage is suggested by her son Geoffrey de Mandeville attesting a charter of his uncle Henry d'Oilly for Osney abbey in [1154][736]. Ernulf & his wife had three children:

a) GEOFFREY (-after [1190/94]). He attested a charter of his uncle Henry d'Oilly for Osney abbey in [1154][737]. "Gaufridus de Mandeuile" confirmed "terre quam Aaliz mater mea…Ernulfus de Mandeuile pater meus" donated to Osney by undated charter[738]. “Galfridus de Mandevila filius Galfridi de Mandevila” granted property to “Galfrido patri meo filio Arnulfi de Mandevila” for life by charter dated to [1190/94][739]. m ---. The name of Geoffrey’s wife is not known. Geoffrey & his wife had one child:

i) GEOFFREY . “Galfridus de Mandevila filius Galfridi de Mandevila” granted property to “Galfrido patri meo filio Arnulfi de Mandevila” for life by charter dated to [1190/94], witnessed by “Roberto de Mandavilla, Radulfo fratre eiusdem…Hugone de Mandevilla”[740]. Ancestor of the MANDEVILLE family of Highworth, extinct in the male line after 1291[741].

b) RALPH de Mandeville of Kingham . "Arnulfus de Mandeuilla" donated "villam de Chaingeham" to "Radulfo de Mandeuilla filio meo" by undated charter[742].

c) MATILDA de Mandeville . "Adam de Port" notified the bishop of Lincoln of his grant to the church of "Hattele" by undated charter, witnessed by "Herndaldo de Mandeville et domina Alicia uxore sua, domina Matiltide uxore dicti Adæ de Port, Henrico de Port fratre eiusdem, Galfrido de Mandeville"[743]. m ADAM de Port, son of ---.

2. GEOFFREY (-Chester 21 Oct 1166, bur Walden Abbey). He received a grant of his father's lands from Empress Matilda at Devizes before 1147, and he was created Earl of Essex [Jan 1156][744]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Galfridus de Mondeville iii m i militem et dimidium" in Somerset in [1160/61][745]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1166 of "Galfridus junior de Mandavilla"[746]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1165 XII Kal Nov” of “Galfridus de Mandavill comes Essexiæ”[747]. m (1158 or before, divorced) as her first husband, EUSTACHIE, [relative of HENRY II King of England], daughter of --- (-[1164]). Geoffrey Earl of Essex confirmed grants of lands in Sawbridgworth by Warin FitzGerold camerarius regis and by his brother Henry to Robert Blund of London by charter dated to [1157/58], witnessed by "Roesia com matre mea, Eust[achia] com[itissa], Ernulfo de Mannavilla fratre meo, Willelmo filio Otuwel patruo meo…"[748]. The Chronicle of Walden records that King Henry II arranged the marriage of “[Galfredo]” and “uxorem generis nobilitate sibi consanguineam”, that her husband refused to live with her and that the couple was divorced, that she received “duobus maneriis Waledena...et Walteham” and was married to “Anselmo...de Campdavene” with the two manors[749]. Charles Evans speculated that she was the illegitimate daughter of Eustache IV Comte de Boulogne, based only on onomastic reasons[750], but other families besides the counts of Boulogne used this name at the time[751]. If correct, this would also mean that Eustachie was little more than a child, even at the time of her second marriage, as her alleged father was himself born in [1127/31], which makes the report of Earl Geoffrey refusing to cohabit rather unlikely. She married secondly as his second wife, Anselme "Candavène" Comte de Saint-Pol (-1174). Du Chesne says that this wife of Anselme “nommée Eustache vivoit encore avecques luy l’an 1164” but does not cite the primary source which confirms this information[752].

3. WILLIAM (-[Rouen/Gisors/Le Vaudreuil] Normandy 14 Nov 1189, bur Abbey of Mortemer). He succeeded his brother in 1166 as Earl of Essex. “Willelmus de Mandavilla, comes Essexiæ” donated property to Hurley Priory, Berkshire by undated charter witnessed by “Simone de Bello Campo fratre meo…”[753]. He succeeded as Comte d'Aumâle, de iure uxoris. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Willielmus de Mandevilla comes Essexiæ, frater et hæres…Gaufridi” died “in Normannia 1181” childless[754]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death "II Id Dec" in 1189 of "Willelmus de Mandavilla"[755]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1189 XIII Kal Dec” of “Willielmus de Mandavill comes Essexiæ”[756]. The Historia cœnobiii Mortui-Maris records the burial at Mortemer of "comes…Willelmus"[757]. m (Pleshey, Essex 14 Jan 1180) as her first husband, HAWISE Ctss d'Aumâle, daughter of GUILLAUME "le Gros" Comte d'Aumâle, Lord of Holderness [Champagne-Blois] & his wife Cecily Lady of Skipton (-11 Mar 1214). Robert of Torigny records the marriage of "Guillermus comes de Magnavilla" and "filia Willermi comitis Albæ Marlæ" together with the county of Aumâle in 1179[758]. Ralph de Diceto records that "Willelmus de Magna-villa comes Essexiæ" married "Hadewisam comtis Albimarlæ primogenitam…apud Pleizet in Essexia XIX Kal Feb" in 1180 and was granted his father-in-law’s county[759]. The 13th century Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d’Angleterre records that "Aubemalle…Havi le contesse" married successively "le conte de Mandeville…Guillaumes" by whom she was childless, "Guillaume de Fors" by whom she had "i fills…Guillaumes", and thirdly "Bauduin de Biethune"[760]. “Hawisia comitissa Albemarlæ” donated property to Garendon Abbey, for the soul of “domini mei Willielmi de Mandevill comitis Essex”, by undated charter which refers to “post mortem domini mei Baldewini de Betunia…Willielmi comitis Albemarle patris mei”[761]. She married secondly (after 3 Jul 1190) Guillaume de Forz, who succeeded as Comte d'Aumâle, de iure uxoris, and thirdly (before Jul 1196) Baudouin de Béthune Seigneur de Choques [en-Artois]. William & his wife had --- children:

a) children died before their father[762].

4. ROBERT (-before 14 Nov 1189[763]). "Gaufridus comes de Essex et fratres eius Willelmus et Robertus de Maudevyll" are named in a charter to Chicksand priory[764].

The precise relationship between the following family and the main Mandeville family has not been ascertained.

1. GEOFFREY de Mandeville . m firstly ---. Geoffrey’s two marriages are confirmed by the 24 May 1206 charter quoted below. m secondly ---. Geoffrey’s two marriages are confirmed by the 24 May 1206 charter quoted below. Geoffrey & his first wife had one child:

a) ROBERT [I] de Mandeville . His parentage is confirmed by the 24 May 1206 charter quoted below. m ---. [same person as...? ROBERT de Mandeville . A charter dated to [1136] records donations to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, including that of "Robertus de Magnavilla et uxor eius Hadevisa et filius eius Radulfus"[765]. m HAWISE, daughter of ---. A charter dated to [1136] records donations to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, including that of "Robertus de Magnavilla et uxor eius Hadevisa et filius eius Radulfus"[766].] Robert [I] & his wife had [two] children:

i) [RAOUL de Mandeville . A charter dated to [1136] records donations to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, including that of "Robertus de Magnavilla et uxor eius Hadevisa et filius eius Radulfus"[767].]

ii) GEOFFREY de Mandeville “de Cocre” . His parentage is confirmed by the 24 May 1206 charter quoted below. m ---. Geoffrey & his wife had one child:

(1) ROBERT [II] de Mandeville . His parentage is confirmed by the 24 May 1206 charter quoted below. m ---. Robert [II] & his wife had one child:

(a) ROBERT [III] de Mandeville . His parentage is confirmed by the following document: by charter dated 24 May 1206, John King of England notified that “Galfridus de Mandeuill senior” had held “baroniam de Merswud [Marshwood, Dorset]”, father “[de] prima ux[ore] sua” of “Rob[ertus] de Mandeuill”, who was father of “alium Galfr[idum] de Mandeuill, scilicet Galfr[idum] de Cocre” who fathered “Rob[ertum] de Mandeuill patrem Rob[erti] de Mandeuill qui ius clamet in predicta baronia”, that the first named Geoffrey had by “aliam ux[orem]...Rad[ulfum] de Mandeuill...melior miles...quam Rob[ertus] primogenitus frater suus” who held Marshwood after his father died “per voluntatem reg[is] H[enrici]” [presumably King Henry I] and had “filiam Dionisiam...que nupta fuit Willelmo fil[io] Johannes tunc senesc[allum] Normann[ie]” who were parents of “Henr[icum] de Tylly”, and restored Marshwood to “predictus Rob[ertus] de Mandeuill et heredes sui” [the last-named Robert named above][768].

Geoffrey & his second wife had one child:

b) RALPH de Mandeville . His parentage is confirmed by the 24 May 1206 charter quoted above. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Ralph’s wife has not been identified. Ralph & his wife had one child:

i) DENISE de Mandeville ([before 1120?]-before 1189). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the 24 May 1206 charter quoted above. The charter dated [6 Apr 1200/5 Apr 1201] quoted under her son confirms that Denise was married during the reign of King Henry I and died during the reign of King Henry II. Her husband’s mention in the Dorset 1129/30 Pipe Roll suggests that he held land in the county (Marshwood?) in the name of his wife which, if correct, would place their marriage to before that date. m (before 1135, maybe before 1130) WILLIAM FitzJohn, son of --- ([before 1110?]-after 1180).

The primary source which confirms the parentage of the following person has not been identified. From a chronological point of view, it looks like he may have been the same person as Robert [III] de Mandeville who is named above.

1. ROBERT de Mandeville, son of --- (-after 1232). The Red Book of the Exchequer, in [1209/10] (“Anno Regis Johannis XI”), records "Robertus de Mandeville" charged "pro habendis terris quæ fuerunt Roberti Giffardi" in Wiltshire, and in Oxfordshire “Robertus Mauduit...pro habenda parte sua de terris...quæ fuerunt Roberti Giffard, tenenda de Roberto de Mandeville tanquam de primogenito participe suo, salva eidem Roberto esnecia sua”[769]. Round discusses the significance of “esnecia sua” (“[droit] d’aînesse”)[770]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, in [1201/12], records "Robertus de Mandeville, Robertus Maudut, Willelmus Comyn" holding one knight’s fee "quod fuit Gerardi Giffardi" in Wiltshire[771]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, in [1211/12] (“Anno Regis Johannis XIII”), records payments made by "Robertus de Mandeville et Robertus Maudut et Willelmus Comin" for 1 knight’s fee "quod [fuit] Gerardi Giffard" in Wiltshire[772]. An order dated 1220 records that, whereas “Andrew Giffard, who held the Barony of Fontil by hereditary right, was dead and had resigned the Barony temp. King John...to Robert de Mandeville, Robert Mauduit, William Cumin and William de Fontibus, as right heirs of the Barony”, the “vavassoria” were now delivered to “Robert de Mandeville and the other heirs above named”, Round discussing “vavassoria”[773]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1232, records payments made by "Robertus Maudut...Willelmus Comin...sed Robertus de Mandeville debet eois acquietare"[774]. m (before 1209) --- Giffard, daughter of ROBERT Gifford of Fonthill, Wiltshire & his wife ---.

B. EARLS of ESSEX 1199-1227 (MANDEVILLE)

PETER de Ludgershall, son of --- (-Winchester 11--, bur 8 May 1198 Winchester, Church of St Swithin). "Gaufridus filius Petri comes Essex" donated property to Winchester St Swithin, for the anniversaries of "…Petri de Lutegareshale patris mei…et Mathildis matris mee…et sponsarum mearum Beatricis et Aveline et liberorum meorum" by undated charter[775]. He became a monk at Winchester before he died[776]. The Annals of Winchester record that “Gaufridus filius Petri” transferred the body of “patrem suum” to Winchester[777].

m as her first husband, MATILDA, daughter of ---. "Gaufridus filius Petri comes Essex" donated property to Winchester St Swithin, for the anniversaries of "…Petri de Lutegareshale patris mei…et Mathildis matris mee…et sponsarum mearum Beatricis et Aveline et liberorum meorum" by undated charter[778]. She married secondly Hugh de Bocland of Buckland (-1175). Her second marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which “Cristiana de Mandevilla comitissa Essexe” confirmed the donation of property “in villa de Westlega” made to Colchester St. John by [her grandson] “Galfrido de Lanualay filio Willelmi de Lanualey et Hawisie sororis Galfridi filii Petri quondam justiciarii Anglie”[779]. Bracton records a claim, dated 1222, by "Gaufridus de Lucy" against "priorem de Suwic" for "ecclesiam de Walewrthe…advocacionem", stating that "Gaufridus de Mandeuilla" had given it to him "Galfridus filius Petri frater ipsius Juliane", while the prior claimed that a document of "Matillidis de Boclande et Roberti filii Petri fratris…primogeniti Gaufridi filii Petri" proved the donation to the priory[780].

Piers & his wife had three children:

1. ROBERT FitzPiers of Cherhill (-[1185/86]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. m as her first husband, PERRONELLE, daughter of ---. She married secondly (1194) Eustace de Balliol of Barnard Castle. The 1194/95 Pipe Roll records "Eustacius de Baillol" in Wiltshire "pro habenda uxore que fuit Robert f Petri"[781]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified.

2. GEOFFREY FitzPiers (-14 Oct 1213, bur Shouldham Priory). Having acquired part of the Mandeville inheritance from 1190, de iure uxoris, he was created Earl of Essex 27 May 1199. “Gaufridus filius Petri comes Essex” donated the chapel of St Peter, Drayton to York Cathedral by undated charter[782]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Galfridus filius Petri" paying "iv xx xviii [=98?] l vi s viii d" in Essex, Herefordshire[783]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that King John gave "comitatum Estsexiæ" to "Galfrido filio Petri" the day of his coronation "VI Kal Jul" 1199[784]. "Gaufridus filius Petri comes Essex" donated property to Winchester St Swithin, for the anniversaries of "…Petri de Lutegareshale patris mei…et Mathildis matris mee…et sponsarum mearum Beatricis et Aveline et liberorum meorum" by undated charter[785]. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1213 of “Gaufridus filius Petri comes de Essexe et justitiarius totius Angliæ”[786]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1214 of “Galfridus filius Petri, comes Essexiæ” and his burial “apud Soldham”[787]. m firstly (before 25 Jan 1185) BEATRICE de Say, daughter and co-heiress of WILLIAM de Say of Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire & his wife --- (-before 19 Apr 1197, bur Chicksand Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Beatricem” as daughter of “Willielmus de Say”, son of “Beatrix de Mandavilla domina de Say, soror Galfridi primi, fundatoris, et amita Willielmi” and adds that she married “domino Galfrido filio Petri”[788]. Through her paternal grandmother, Beatrice de Mandeville, Beatrice was heir to William de Mandeville Earl of Essex. She died in childbirth, presumably giving birth either to her youngest son Henry or to her daughter Matilda. "Gaufridus filius Petri comes Essex" donated property to Winchester St Swithin, for the anniversaries of "…Petri de Lutegareshale patris mei…et Mathildis matris mee…et sponsarum mearum Beatricis et Aveline et liberorum meorum" by undated charter[789]. m secondly (before 29 May 1205) as her second husband, AVELINE de Clare, widow of WILLIAM de Munchensy, daughter of ROGER de Clare Earl of Hertford & his wife Matilda de Saint-Hilaire (-(-[22 Nov 1220/4 Jun 1225). Her parentage and first marriage are indicated by the order dated 23 Dec 1213 under which her son "Guarinus de Munchainesy" paid a fine for "hereditarie" with "W. com Arundell avunculus ipsius Warini" acting as guarantor[790], William Earl of Arundel being the son of the second husband of Warin’s paternal grandmother. "Gaufridus filius Petri comes Essex" donated property to Winchester St Swithin, for the anniversaries of "…Petri de Lutegareshale patris mei…et Mathildis matris mee…et sponsarum mearum Beatricis et Aveline et liberorum meorum" by undated charter[791]. Earl Geoffrey & his first wife had four children:

a) GEOFFREY de Mandeville (-London 23 Feb 1216, bur Trinity Prior within Aldgate). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Galfridus…Willielmus cognomina Mandavilla…et Matildis, Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiæ maritata” as children of “domino Galfrido filio Petri” & his wife[792]. He succeeded his father in 1213 as Earl of Essex. He became Earl of Gloucester on his marriage, by right of his wife. He supported the barons against King John in 1215, and was excommunicated by the Pope 16 Dec 1215 and his lands given to Savary de Mauleon 20 Dec 1215 or before. He was mortally wounded at a tournament in London[793]. m firstly MATILDA, daughter of ROBERT FitzWalter of Woodham Walter, Essex & his first wife Gunnor de Valoignes (-1212, bur Dunmow Priory). The 13th century Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d’Angleterre records that "Joffrois de Mandeville" married "la fille Robiert le fil Gautier"[794]. m secondly ([16/26] Jan 1214) as her second husband, ISABEL [Avise] Countess of Gloucester, divorced wife of JOHN King of England, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRobert Earl of Gloucester & his wife Avise de Beaumont ([before 1176]-14 Oct or [18 Nov] 1217, bur Canterbury Cathedral Church). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the second marriage of “Isabellam” and “Galfrido de Mandevile comiti Essexiæ”, and her third marriage to “Huberto de Burgo justiciario Angliæ”[795]. She must have been considerably older than her second husband, although his precise birth date is not known. Her lands and title were confiscated on the death of her second husband. She married thirdly ([Sep] 1217) as his second wife, Hubert de Burgh, who was created Earl of Kent in 1227. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1217 of “Isabel comitissa Gloucestriæ”[796]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Johannam comitissam Gloucestriæ” died “paucos dies” after her marriage to “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius Angliæ” and was buried “apud Cantuarium”[797].

b) WILLIAM de Mandeville (-8 Jan 1227, bur Shouldham Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Galfridus…Willielmus cognomina Mandavilla…et Matildis, Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiæ maritata” as children of “domino Galfrido filio Petri” & his wife[798]. He succeeded his brother in 1216 as Earl of Essex, although his lands were not returned to him until 4 Oct 1217[799]. Bracton lists a claim by "Matillis de Say" against "Willelmum de Mandeuilla comitem Essexie", dated 1218, for "medietatem manerii de Plesseto [Essex]…et…Enefend…in Middlesexia…" seised of "Willelmus de Say pater ipsius Matillidis et Beatrice matris ipsius Gaufridi"[800]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1227 of "Willelmus de Mandeville comes Essexiæ"[801]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1228 of “Willielmus Mandeville comes Essex ex parte matris et filius Galfridi Petri” and his burial “apud Soldham”[802]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in Jan 1227 of “W. de Mandeville”[803]. m (before 18 Nov 1220) as her first husband, CHRISTINE, daughter of ROBERT FitzWalter of Woodham Walter Essex & his first wife Gunnor de Valoignes (-before 17 Jun 1232, bur Shouldham Priory). Her older sister had been the first wife of her husband's older brother Geoffrey Earl of Essex. “Christiana de Maundeville...in mea...viduitate”, as successor of “Roberti de Valoniis avi mei et Roberti filii Walteri patris mei, Gunnore uxoris sue matris mee”, confirmed the donation of revenue from “ecclesia de Baketona in Suffolchia” to Binham priory made by “Robertus filius Walteri pater meus et Gunnora mater mea”, for the souls of “Willelmi de Maundeville comitis Essexie quondam mariti mei...Roberti filii Walteri patris mei et Gunnore uxoris sue matris mee”, by undated charter, witnessed by “...Gondreda de Warenne soror mea”[804]. “Cristiana de Mandevilla comitissa Essexe” confirmed the donation of property “in villa de Westlega” made to Colchester St. John by “Galfrido de Lanualay filio Willelmi de Lanualey et Hawisie sororis Galfridi filii Petri quondam justiciarii Anglie” by undated charter[805]. She married secondly ([9 Jan/15 May] 1227) Raymond de Burgh of Dartford, Kent. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo…Remundus nepos eius” married “comitissam Essexiæ” in 1227[806]. “Reimundus de Burgo” confirmed the donation of property made to Colchester St. John by “Galfrido de Lanualay filio Willelmi de Lanualey et Hawise uxoris eiusdem”, confirming the confirmation made by “Cristina de Mandevilla comitissa Essexe sponsa mea in...viduitate sua", by undated charter[807]. "Roger of Dauntsey and Matilda countess of Hereford, sister and heiress of William de Mandeville formerly earl of Essex" made a fine "for Matilda’s relief and for having seisin of the lands formerly of the same W. earl of Essex", saving "to Reymund de Burgh and Christiana his wife, the dower of Christiana…from the lands formerly of William earl of Essex", dated 29 Oct 1227[808]. King Henry III granted "duos damos in foresta de Wauberg" to "Christiane uxori Remundi de Burgo”, dated 1229[809]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Cristiana uxore sua, comitissa Essexiæ” was buried with her (first) husband “apud Soldham”[810].

c) HENRY FitzGeoffrey (-[5 Aug 1205/before 1227]). Dean of Wolverhampton 5 Aug 1205[811]. King John made donations to "clerico nostro Henr fil Galf com Essex", including "decanatum de Wlfrumhamton", by charter dated 5 Aug 1205[812].

d) MATILDA (-27 Aug 1236). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Galfridus…Willielmus cognomina Mandavilla…et Matildis, Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiæ maritata” as children of “domino Galfrido filio Petri” & his wife[813]. Henry III King of England ordered custody of "tocius terre que fuit H. comitis Herefordie", except the property of "Matildi comitisse Herefordie…manerio de Wokesie…dotem suam…[et] maritagio suo in manerio de Witehurst" given by "G. filius Petri pater ipsius comitisse…H. comiti Herefordie", dated 26 Jul 1220[814]. She succeeded her brother, William de Mandeville Earl of Essex, in 1227 as Ctss of Essex, suo iure. "Roger of Dauntsey and Matilda countess of Hereford, sister and heiress of William de Mandeville formerly earl of Essex" made a fine "for Matilda’s relief and for having seisin of the lands formerly of the same W. earl of Essex", saving "to Reymund de Burgh and Christiana his wife, the dower of Christiana…from the lands formerly of William earl of Essex", dated 29 Oct 1227[815]. The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Gloucestershire, dated to [1226/28], which includes "Comitissa Herford est maritata Rogero de Antesye, nescitur pre quem. Terra eius valet xv.l"[816]. An order dated 22 Feb 1228 records a fine paid by "Rogerus de Antese et Matildis comitissa Herefordie uxor eius" in respect of a debt of "W. comes Essexie frater ipsius comitisse"[817]. Her divorce [from her second husband] by a church council convened at St Alban's, mandated by the Pope, was recorded by Matthew Paris[818]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comitissa Herfordiæ” died in 1236[819]. m firstly HENRY de Bohun Earl of Hereford, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun, hereditary Constable of England & his wife Margaret of Huntingdon (-1 Jun 1220, bur Llanthony Priory, Gloucester). m secondly (before 22 Feb 1228, divorced St Alban's 1231 [before 24 Apr 1233], divorce revoked before Jul 1236[820]) ROGER de Daunteseye of Dauntsey, Wiltshire, son of --- (-after Aug 1238).

Earl Geoffrey & his second wife had three children:

e) JOHN FitzGeoffrey of Shere, Surrey (-1258). He was not entitled to succeed his half-brother as Earl of Essex in 1227, the earldom having devolved from his father's first wife. Justiciar of Ireland. "John Fitz Geoffrey" was appointed justiciary of Ireland by King Henry III by charter dated 4 Nov 1245[821]. m as her second husband, ISABEL, widow of GILBERT de Lacy of Ewyas Lacy, daughter of [HUGH Bigod Earl of Norfolk & his wife Matilda Marshal of Pembroke]. The sources which report the parentage of the wife of Gilbert de Lacy are conflicting. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Gilbertus de Lacy” married “Isabellæ Mareschal”[822], presumably confusing her with Isabel daughter of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke who married firstly Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford and secondly Richard Earl of Cornwall. The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Isabella soror Johannis" as daughter of ”Rogerus sive Radulphus Bigod, secundus filius Hugonis le Bigod com. Norfolke et Suffolke…” and his wife “Bertam de Fornivale”, adding that she married firstly "Gilberto de Lacy" and secondly "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey"[823]. This must also be incorrect, as any children of Ralph Bigod could not have been born before the late 1220s at the earliest, which is inconsistent with the timing of Isabel’s first marriage. If Isabel was a member of the Bigod family, she must have been the daughter of Hugh and Matilda Marshal of Pembroke. This is the solution adopted by the Complete Peerage[824], although the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. John FitzGeoffrey & his wife had six children:

i) JOHN FitzJohn of Shere (-Lambeth [6 Nov] 1275). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Ricardus le Fitz John, Johannes et Willielmus" as the three sons of "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey" and his wife "Isabella Bygod…"[825]. m (before 18 Feb 1259) MARGERY Basset, daughter of PHILIP Basset of Wycombe & his first wife Hawise de Louvain (-before 19 Oct 1271).

ii) RICHARD FitzJohn of Shere (-before 26 Sep 1297). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Ricardus le Fitz John, Johannes et Willielmus" as the three sons of "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey" and his wife "Isabella Bygod…"[826]. He was summoned to Parliament in 1290 whereby he is held to have become Lord FitzJohn. Inquisitions after a writ dated 26 Sep "25 Edw I" following the death of "Richard son of John” name as his heirs “Maud de Bellocampo countess of Warwick eldest sister of the said Richard, Robert de Clifford son of Isabel de Clifford daughter of Isabel de Veteri Ponte and Idonea daughter of the same Isabel de Veteri Ponte the second sister, Richard de Burgo earl of Ulster son of Avelina the third sister, and Joan late the wife of Theobald le Botiler the fourth sister”[827]. m as her first husband, EMMA, daughter of --- (-26 Jan 1332, bur Stradsett, Norfolk). She married secondly (royal licence 25 Jan 1301) Robert de Mohaut Lord Mohaut.

iii) WILLIAM FitzJohn . The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Ricardus le Fitz John, Johannes et Willielmus" as the three sons of "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey" and his wife "Isabella Bygod…"[828].

iv) MATILDA (-16/18 Apr 1301, bur 7 May 1301 Worcester Franciscan Church). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Matilda uxor Guidonis comitis Warwici" as the oldest daughter of "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey" and his wife "Isabella Bygod…"[829]. "Willelmum de Bello Campo filium Walteri de Bello Campo" granted "manerium suum de Ledecombe" to "Willelmum primogenitum eius et Matildem uxor eius", in exchange for "tenemento in Schirrevelench", by charter dated to [1261/69][830]. The will of "William de Beauchamp", dated 7 Jan 1268, bequeathed property to "Walter my son...Joane my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Sibill my daughter...Sarah my daughter...William my eldest son...my daughter the countess his wife...Isabel my wife..."[831]. The will of "William de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick", dated 14 Sep 1296, chose burial “in the quire of the Friars-Minors, commonly called the Gray-friars at Worcester”, bequeathed property to "Maud my wife...Guy my eldest son...my two daughters nuns at Shouldham"[832]. m firstly GERARD de Furnivalle Lord of Hallamshire, son of --- (-1261). m secondly (before 7 Jan 1269) WILLIAM de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, son of WILLIAM [III] de Beauchamp of Elmley, Worcestershire & his wife Isabel Mauduit ([1237/41]-Elmley 5 or 9 Jun 1298, bur 22 Jun 1298 Worcester Franciscan Church).

v) ISABEL . The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that the fourth (unnamed) daughter of "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey" and his wife "Isabella Bygod…" married "domino --- de Westmoreland", adding that they had two daughters "Idonia et Isabella, de quibus una" married "Rogero de Clifford" by whom she had "Robertus de Clifford"[833]. The inquisitions after the death of her brother Richard name Isabel as his second sister. m ROBERT [II] de Vipont, son of JOHN de Vipont & his wife Sibyl de Ferrers (-1264).

vi) AVELINE (-[20 May 1274], bur Dunmow Priory). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that the second (unnamed) daughter of "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey" and his wife "Isabella Bygod…" married "comiti Ultoniæ"[834]. The inquisitions after the death of her brother Richard name Aveline as his third sister. m WALTER de Burgh Lord of Connaught, son of RICHARD de Burgh Lord of Connaught & his wife Egidia de Lacy of Meath (-Galway Castle 28 Jul 1271). He was created Earl of Ulster in [1264].

vii) JOAN (-1303). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that the third (unnamed) daughter of "Johanni Fitz-Geffrey" and his wife "Isabella Bygod…" married "le Botyler Hiberniæ"[835]. The inquisitions after the death of her brother Richard name Joan as his fourth sister. m THEOBALD Butler of Thurles, Nenagh, son of THEOBALD Butler & his wife Margaret de Burgh (-1285).

f) CECILY (-1253). m SAVARY de Bohun of Midhurst, son of FRANCO de Bohun & his wife Rohais --- (-before 11 Apr 1246).

g) HAWISE (-[before 1241]). King Henry III granted “seisina de manerio de Stradlegh…terras que fuerunt predicti Comitis…occone mortis sue…in man nostram” to “Hawis sorori W, Com. de Mandevill”, dated 29 Mar 1227[836]. Presumably the grant occurred before Hawise’s marriage and, although her future husband is not named in this entry, the connection with Streatley, noted above, indicates that he must have been Reynold [II] de Mohun. If this is correct, the chronology indicates that Hawise must have been born from her father’s second marriage. Follow his hyperlink for a fuller discussion of his marriage. m (after 29 Mar 1227) as his first wife, REYNOLD [II] de Mohun, son of REYNOLD [I] de Mohun of Dunster, Somerset & his wife Alice Briwere ([1200/05?]-Tor Mohun, Devon 20 Jan 1258, bur Newenham

3. JULIANA . Bracton records a claim, dated 1227, by "Stephanus de Bendenges" concerning "tercia parte ville de Hyrteby" which was given to "Juliane avie sue in maritagium" by "Galfridus filius Petri frater ipsius Juliane" and was inherited by "Mauricio patri suo…[et] ipsi Stephano…filio et heredi suo"[837]. m STEPHEN de Bendenges, son of ---.

C. EARLS of ESSEX 1461-1540 (BOURCHIER)

HENRY Bourchier, son of WILLIAM Bourchier Comte d'Eu & his wife Anne of Gloucester ([1409]-4 Apr 1483, bur Beeleigh Abbey, Maldon, Essex, later transferred to Little Easton Church, Essex). He succeeded his father in 1420 as Comte d'Eu. The will of "Anne Countess of Stafford, Bockingh, Herford and Northampton, and Lady of Breknoc", dated 16 Oct 1438, appointed “my sones Thomas bysshop of Worcestre, Henry Erle of Eue, Will Bougchiers, John Bourghiers...”[838]. He was created Viscount Bourchier [before 14 Dec 1446]. Treasurer of England May 1455-Oct 1456, 10 Jul 1460-Apr 1462, and from Apr 1471 until his death. Created Earl of Essex 30 Jun 1461. A manuscript calendar records the death “II Non Apr” in 1483 of “dñi Henrici Bourgchr Comitis Essex”[839].

m (before 25 Apr 1426) as her second husband, ISABEL of York, previously wife of THOMAS Grey (marriage annulled), daughter of RICHARD of York Earl of Cambridge & his first wife Anne Mortimer (1409-2 Oct 1484, bur Beeleigh Abbey, Maldon, Essex, later transferred to Little Easton Church, Essex). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Elizabeth Countess of Essex" as daughter of "Anne Countess of Cambridge" and mother of "William Lord Bouchier"[840]. A manuscript calendar records the death “VI Non Oct” in 1484 of “dñe Isabelle Comitisse Essex’, consortis Henrici Bourgchier, Comitis Essex”[841].

Henry & his wife had ten children:

1. WILLIAM Bourchier (-killed in battle Barnet 14 Apr 1471[842]). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Elizabeth Countess of Essex" as daughter of "Anne Countess of Cambridge" and mother of "William Lord Bouchier"[843]. He was styled Viscount Bourchier. [844]Maybe m firstly ISABEL de Vere, daughter of JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Elizabeth Howard . m [secondly] (before 15 Aug 1467) as her first husband, ANNE Wydeville, daughter of RICHARD Wydeville Earl Rivers & his wife Jacquette de Luxembourg ([1438]-30 Jul 1489). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Anne Lady Bouchier" as daughter of "Richard Earl Rivers" and mother of "Henry Earl of Essex" and of "Lady Ferrers of Chartley"[845]. She married secondly Edward Wingfield. She married thirdly George Grey, who succeeded his father in 1490 as Earl of Kent, Lord Grey of Ruthin. William & his wife had three children:

a) CECILY (-[9 Feb/9 Jun] 1493, bur London St Michael Paternoster Royal). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Anne Lady Bouchier" as daughter of "Richard Earl Rivers" and mother of "Henry Earl of Essex" and of "Lady Ferrers of Chartley"[846]. m JOHN Devereux Lord Ferrers of Chartley, son of WALTER Devereux of Weobley and Bodenham, Herefordshire Lord Ferrers & his first wife Anne de Ferrers of Chartley (1464-3 or 7 May 1501).

b) ISABEL .

c) HENRY ([posthumously][847] [1471/72]-Baas Manor, Broxbourne 13 Mar 1540, bur Little Easton, Essex). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Anne Lady Bouchier" as daughter of "Richard Earl Rivers" and mother of "Henry Earl of Essex" and of "Lady Ferrers of Chartley"[848]. He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1483 as Earl of Essex. He died having broken his neck by a fall from a German horse[849]. m ([1498]) MARY Say, daughter and co-heiress of WILLIAM Say of Broxbourne and Essenden, Hertfordshire & his second wife Elizabeth Fray (-after 5 Jun 1535). Henry & his wife had one child:

i) ANNE (-26 Jan 1571). She succeeded her father in 1540 as Baroness Bourchier, suo iure. m (9 Feb 1527, repudiated 1543, confirmed by Act of Parliament 17 Apr 1543[850], annulled 1552) as his first wife, WILLIAM Parr, son of THOMAS Parr of Kendal, Westmoreland & his wife Matilda Green of Green’s Norton, Northamptonshire ([1511/12]-Warwick 28 Oct 1570, bur Warwick St Mary’s). He was created Baron Parr of Kendal in 1539, Earl of Essex in 1543 and Marquess of Northampton in 1547 and 1559. Baroness Anne had one illegitimate daughter by an unknown father:

(a) MARIE . m THOMAS York, son of ---.

2. HENRY (-Aug 1458). Lord Scales. A manuscript calendar records the death “II Id Aug” in 1458 of “Henrici Bourgchier, filii dñe Isabelle, Comitisse Essex’ et Sororis Rici Ducis Ebor”[851]. m as her first husband, ELIZABETH Scales, daughter of THOMAS Scales Lord Scales & his wife Esmania Whalesburgh of Cornwall ([1446]-2 Sep 1473). She succeeded her father in 1460 as Baroness Scales de suo iure. She married secondly (before 23 Jul 1461) Anthony Wydeville, who succeeded as Lord Scales and later as Earl Rivers.

3. HUMPHREY (-killed in battle Barnet 14 Apr 1471, bur Westminster Abbey). Lord Cromwell. m (1456) as her first husband, JOAN Stanhope, daughter of RICHARD Stanhope of Rampton & his second wife Matilda Cromwell (-10 Mar 1490, bur Tattershall). She married secondly Robert Radclyffe of Hunstanton, Norfolk.

4. JOHN (-[4 Jun/3 Nov] 1495, bur Stebbing, [transferred to Beeleigh Abbey]). m firstly (before 2 May 1462) as her second husband, ELIZABETH Lady Ferrers of Groby, widow of EDWARD Grey of Ruthin, daughter of HENRY Ferrers & his wife Isabel Mowbray ([1417/19]-23 Jan 1483 or before). m secondly (before 6 Jul 1490) as her third husband, ELIZABETH Chichele, widow firstly of JOHN Kerielle of Stockbury, Kent and secondly of RALPH Assheton of Kingsnorth and Cheriton, Kent, daughter of JOHN Chichele of Wimpole, Cambridgeshire & his wife Margery Knolles (-2 Apr 1499).

5. THOMAS (-26 Oct 1491, bur Ware, Hampshire). m firstly (1472 or before) as her second husband, ISABEL Barre, widow of HUMPHREY Stafford Earl of Devon, daughter of JOHN Barre of Knebsworth, Hertfordshire & his first wife Idoine Hotoft (-1 Mar 1489). A manuscript calendar records the death 1 Mar 1489 of “Isabella Barre, nup Comitissa Devon ac nup concors Thome Bourgchier senioris militis, unius filios Henr’ nup Comitis Essex”[852]. m secondly as her second husband, ANNE Andrews, widow of JOHN Sulyard, daughter of JOHN Andrews & his wife --- (-after 1519). Thomas & his first wife had two children:

a) JOANNA Bourchier (18 Mar [1474]-). A manuscript calendar records the birth 18 Mar 1474 of “Johanna Bourgchier, filia Thome Bourgchier Militis et Isabelle consorte sue, Comitisse Devon”[853], although the year in this entry or in the entry relating to Thomas’s daughter Isabel must be incorrect.

b) ISABEL Bourchier (14 Apr [1474]-young). A manuscript calendar records the birth 14 Apr 1474 of “Isabella Bourgchier, filia Thome Bourgchier Milite et Isabelle consorte sue, Comitisse Devon”[854], although the year in this entry or in the entry relating to Thomas’s daughter Joanna must be incorrect.

6. ISABEL (-1489).

7. EDWARD (-killed in battle Wakefield 30 Dec 1460). A manuscript calendar records the death “III Kal Jan” in 1460 of “Rici Ducis Ebor” and “Edwardus Bourgchier, filius dñe Isabelle, Comitisse Essex’, et sororis eiusd’ Ducis” on the same day[855].

8. FULK (-young).

9. HUGH (-young).

10. FLORENCE (-[1525/26]).

Chapter 6. HERTFORD

Gilbert de Clare was created Earl of Hertford in [1138], probably by King Stephen. The earldom of Gloucester was inherited by Gilbert de Clare Earl of Hertford in 1217. The later earls, who hold both titles until 1314, are shown under GLOUCESTER. The title was revived by King Henry VIII in 1537 in favour of Edward Seymour Viscount Beauchamp, brother of the king’s deceased wife Jane Seymour.

A. EARLS of HERTFORD [1138]-1230 (CLARE)

RICHARD FitzGilbert de Clare, son of GILBERT FitzRichard de Clare Lord of Clare & his [first/second wife] [---/Adelisa de Clermont] (-killed in battle near Abergavenny 15 Apr 1136, bur Gloucester[856]). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Richardum qui ei successit et Gislebertum et Walterium et unam filiam...Rohais” as the children of “Gislebertus ex filia comitis de Claromonte”[857]. The Liber Vitæ of Thorney abbey lists "…Gilebt fili[us] Ricardi, Ricard fili[us] eius…Aaliz uxor Gilbti filii Ricardi, Comes Gilbt, Galteri…filii sui…"[858]. The differentiation between "eius" and "sui" in the two parts of this text suggests that Richard may have been born from an earlier marriage of his father, otherwise unrecorded, although it is true that the passage as a whole appears to be designed as a list of Adelisa’s relatives and household. "Comes Ricardus filius comitis Gisleberti" confirmed donations of property to Saint-Victor-en-Caux by "Radulfus de Vuaterivilla et Ansuuidus apud Bosunvillam", with the consent of "Rogerii filii Ricardi et comitis Gisleberti patris mei", by undated charter (a copy of which is attached to a late-12th century transcription of a charter under which Hugh de Mortimer confirmed donations to the monastery), witnessed by "Herveio de Monte Morenci…"[859]. He succeeded his father as Lord of Clare. Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Richardum”, son of “Gislebertus ex filia comitis de Claromonte”, died “immatura...peremptus a Wallensibus”[860]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1136 of "Ricardus filius Gisleberti"[861]. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Richardus filius Gilberti" was killed in 1136 "a Morgano filio Owyni"[862].

m ALICE of Chester, daughter of RANULF Vicomte du Bessin "le Meschin" & his wife Lucy --- . Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Richardum”, son of “Gislebertus ex filia comitis de Claromonte”, married “sororem comitis Rannulfi junioris comitis Cestriæ” by whom he had “tres filios Gislebertum qui ei successit et fratres eius”[863]. The History of Gloucester St Peter records the confirmation by "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" of the donation of "molendinum de Taddewelle" by "Alicia soror eius" for the soul of "Ricardi filii Gilberti viri sui" (undated)[864]. “Rics filius Gilebi” donated lands in Hawkedon, Suffolk to the abbey of St Edmunds, with the consent of “Rogs…filius me…et coiux mea Xpiana”, by undated charter[865]. This charter is attributed to Richard FitzGilbert in Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica and dated to 1154, which must be incorrect in view of Richard’s recorded death in 1136. The reference to his wife’s name as Christiana cannot be explained. It does not appear that Richard married twice, assuming that the sources quoted here are accurate. The extract from the History of Gloucester St Peter suggests that his wife “Alice of Chester” survived her husband, while the St Edmunds charter shows that “Christiana” was alive after Richard’s son Roger was old enough to consent to the donation. She was rescued from the Welsh by Miles of Gloucester[866]. A charter of Henry Duke of Normandy dated [1153/early Apr 1154] relates to donations to Gloucester by "Ranulphi comitis Cestrie…[et] Alis sororis eiusdem comitis" for the soul of "Ricardi filii Gilberti viri sui""[867]. It is not clear from the document how long before the date of the charter these donations were made.

Richard & his wife had [ten] children:

1. GILBERT (-1153, bur Clare Priory). Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Richardum”, son of “Gislebertus ex filia comitis de Claromonte”, married “sororem comitis Rannulfi junioris comitis Cestriæ” by whom he had “tres filios Gislebertum qui ei successit et fratres eius”[868]. He was created Earl of Hertford in [1138]. Ralph de Diceto’s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record that King Stephen held “in curia sua Ranulfum Cestrensem comitem” but freed him when “Gilbertum comitem de Clare filium sororis suæ” was given as a hostage[869]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “comes de Clare” died in 1153[870]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1153 of "Gislebertus filius Ricardi" and his burial "apud Claram"[871]. The Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ records the death in 1153 of "Guilbertus de Clara filius Richardi de Clara", his burial “apud Clarum in cella, quam Guilbertus de Clara avus eius dederat monachis Becci...Stol” and the succession of “Rogerius filius [error for frater] eius”[872].

2. ROGER (-1173). Robert of Torigny records that "Rogerius frater eius" succeeded on the death in 1153 of "Gislebertus filius Ricardi"[873]. He succeeded his brother in 1153 as Earl of Hertford.

- see below.

3. GODFREY de Clare (-young, bur Stoke-by-Clare Priory). "Godefrid de Clare", son of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, is noted in Domesday Descendants "apparently died young and…buried at Stoke-by-Clare priory"[874].

4. [ADELISA de Tonbridge (-before 1166). “Mathildis de Percy comitissa de Warwic, filia Willielmi de Perci” donated property to Sawley abbey, for the souls of “…patris mei Willielmi de Percy et Adalidis de Tunbrige matris meæ…”, by undated charter[875]. The reference to Tonbridge suggests that she may have been a member of the Clare family. If this is correct, the chronology suggests that she would have been the daughter of Richard FitzGilbert. “Willielmus de Percy” donated property to Sawley abbey, with the consent of “Adelidæ uxoris meæ et Alani hæredis mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “…Roberto de Percy…”[876]. m as his first wife, WILLIAM de Percy, son of ALAN de Percy & his wife Emma de Gant (-[1174/75]).]

5. RICHARD (-1190). “Roger earl of Clare” donated “the church of Blaching” to Lewes St. Pancras, in return for “quit-claim the land of Gretenesse which my father gave them”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Richard my brother...”[877]. "Robertus [error for Rogerius] de Clare comes Herefordiæ" donated revenue "in Standona" to Ramsey by undated charter witnessed by "Ricardo de Clare fratre comitis…"[878]. [m as her first husband, ALINE Lady of Sampford, daughter and heiress of GEOFFREY FitzBaldwin & his wife Alice ---. She married secondly Hugh de Clohale. Domesday Descendants says that Richard son of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare was probably "the Richard de Clare who was the first husband of Alina lady of Sampford, daughter and heiress of Geoffrey fitz Baldwin"[879].]

6. ROHESE de Clare . A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family records that “Gilbertus”, son of “Walterus”, married “Roesiam comitissam Lincolniæ”, adding that she married secondly "Roberto dapifero" by whom she was mother of "Roesia de Bulington nupta Simoni de Kyma"[880]. m firstly GILBERT de Gand Earl of Lincoln, son of WALTER de Gand & his wife Mathilde de Penthièvre (Bridlington [1120]-1156, bur [Bridlington Priory]). m secondly ([1157/63][881]) ROBERT FitzRobert, son of ROBERT FitzFulk & his wife ---.

7. AGNES de Clare . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated to [1184/85] under which “Aliz de Gant comitissa filia Gilberti de Gant” confirmed land held by his ancestors in Barton (upon-Humber) to “Roberto Scrop de Barton, filio Ricardi Scrop et filio Agnetis matertere mee”[882]. m RICHARD Scrope of Barton, Lincolnshire, son of --- (-before 1166).

8. [ALICE de Clare (-after 1153). Domesday Descendants notes her parentage and marriage but does not cite the corresponding primary source[883]. “Cadwalader frater Owini magni” donated property to “Ecclie S. Joannis Evan’ de Hageman” by undated charter, witnessed by “Alic’ de Clara uxore mea, Ranulpho comite Cestriæ”[884]. Lloyd’s early 20th century History of Wales dates the marriage to “before 1153” (presumably because of the death in that year of the second witness, who would have been the bride’s maternal uncle if his speculation about her parentage is correct) and concludes that Alice was “in all probability a daughter of Richard fitz Gilbert” as “it is obvious that the object of the marriage...was to give Cadwaladr a better hold upon Ceredigion”, citing “Harl. MS. 6068” in addition to the previous source[885]. m ([before 1153]) [as his second wife,] CADWALADR ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd, son of GRUFFYDD ap Cynan King of Gwynedd & his wife Angharad of Deheubarth (-Mar 1172).][

9. [LUCY de Clare (-after 1155). Domesday Descendants cites a charter under which “Lucy” donated property to Stoke-by-Clare priory for the souls of her husband Earl Baldwin and Earl Gilbert, endorsed “Carta de comitissa de Clara”, suggesting her marriage and parentage as shown here[886]. m as his second wife, BALDWIN de Reviers Earl of Devon, son of RICHARD Seigneur de Reviers & his wife Adelise Peverel (-4 Jun 1155, bur Quarr Abbey).]

10. [MABEL ([1125]-after 1185). Domesday Descendants notes that Mabel was the daughter of Roger de Clare Earl of Hertford[887]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records that "Mabilia de Heliun…est lx annorum…filia Rogeri filii Ricardi" and names her heir "Robertus de Heliun"[888]. Her age shown in this source appears consistent with other information relating to the chronology of her descendants, which is noted in Domesday Descendants[889]. However, it is unlikely that a daughter of Roger de Clare Earl of Hertford could have been born in [1125]. If Mabel was related to the Clare Earls of Hertford, from a chronological point of view it is much more likely that she was the daughter of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare Earl of Hertford, indicating an error in the Rotuli Dominabus or that "Rogeri filii Ricardi" was did not in fact belong to the Clare family. m WILLIAM de Helion of Helions Bumpstead, son of --- (-before 1159).]

ROGER de Clare, son of RICHARD FitzGilbert de Clare Lord of Clare & his wife Agnes [Alicia] of Chester (-1173). Robert of Torigny records that "Rogerius frater eius" succeeded on the death in 1153 of "Gislebertus filius Ricardi"[890]. He succeeded his brother in 1153 as Earl of Hertford. A charter in the Stoke-by-Clare Priory Cartulary includes the reference "Rogerus coms Clar’ Aelicie de Clermunt ave sue..."[891]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1173 of "Rogerius comes de Clara"[892].

m as her first husband, MATILDA de Saint-Hilaire, daughter of JAMES de Saint-Hilaire of Field Dalling, Norfolk & his wife Aveline ---. She married secondly William de Albini, later Earl of Arundel. Robert of Torigny records that "Willermus de Albineio…comitem d'Arundel…[filium] Guillermum de Albineio primogenito" and "relictam Rogerii comitis de Clara filiam Jacobi de Sancto Hilario"[893]. Her name is confirmed by the undated charter which records that “Wilielmus comes Sussexiæ” confirmed donations to Boxgrove Priory by his predecessors “Rogerus de Albineio, et Willelmus Pincerna…et Willielmi patris mei filii reginæ Aeliz, et Matildis matris meæ”[894].

Roger & his wife had [five] children:

1. RICHARD (-[30 Oct/28 Nov] 1217, bur Clare). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1173 of "Rogerius comes de Clara" and the succession of "Ricardus filius eius"[895]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Hertford. He sided with the Barons against King John, and played a leading part in the negotiations for Magna Carta. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death in 1206 of “Ricardo de Clare” and his burial “apud Clare”[896]. m ([1180], divorced before 1200) AMICE of Gloucester, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRobert Earl of Gloucester & his wife Hawise de Beaumont (-1 Jan 1225). An anonymous continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of Mont-Saint-Michel records (in order) "Comitissa Ebroicensis…uxor Guillelmi Comitis de Clara, tertia…in manu Dei et domini Regis" as the three daughters left by "Guillelmus Comes Glocestriæ" when he died[897]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Mabiliam comiti de Evereis in Normannia nuptam…Amiciam…Isabellam” as the three daughters of “comes Willielmus” and his wife, adding that Amice married “domino Richardo de Clare comiti de Hertford”[898]. Benedict of Peterborough records "uxori comitis de Clara" as "Willelmus filius Roberti filii regis Henrici primi comes Gloucestriæ…filiam ipsius comitis"[899]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1173 of "Rogerius comes de Clara" and the succession of "Ricardus filius eius", recording that the latter was married to "filiam Guillermi comitis Gloecestriæ"[900]. In another passage, Robert of Torigny records the death in 1183 of "Guillermus comes Gloecestriæ" leaving three daughters as his heirs, of whom one (mentioned second) was "uxor Guillermi comitis de Clara"[901]. She was recognised as Ctss of Gloucester in her own right after [1210], following the death of her nephew Amaury [VI] de Montfort Comte d’Evreux. Richard & his wife had three children:

a) GILBERT de Clare ([1180]-1230). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Gilberto” as son of “Amiciam, Ricardo de Clare nuptam” and his succession as Earl of Gloucester[902]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Hertford, and his mother as Earl of Gloucester.

- EARLS of GLOUCESTER.

b) RICHARD de Clare (-killed London 4 May 1228). The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1228 of “Ricardus de Clare frater ¨Gileberto de Clare comiti Glocestriæ]” killed “apud Lundoniam die Ascensionis”[903].

c) MATILDA [Joan] de Clare ([1185/90]-). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Rhys the Hoarse married the daughter of the earl of Clare" in 1219[904]. Her supposed first marriage is referred to in numrous secondary sources but the primary source on which it is based has not been identified. William de Briouse’s wife is named Matilda in primary sources. However another possibility for her identity has been proposed: according to Elwes (who cites no primary source), she was “the daughter of Ralph and sister and coheir of John de Fay”, adding that “after her first husband Wm de Braose’s death in 1210, [she] married Roger de Clere”[905]. The question is discussed in detail under BRIOUSE. [m firstly WILLIAM de Briouse, son of WILLIAM de Briouse & his wife Mathilde de Saint-Valéry Dame de la Haie (-Corfe 1210).] m [secondly] (1219) as his second wife, RHYS ap Rhys "Gryg/the Hoarse", son of RHYS ap Gruffydd & his wife Gwenllian of Powys (-Llandeilo 1234, bur St David’s).

2. JAMES . Domesday Descendants notes that he was named by his mother in her charter for St Andrew's Northampton[906].

3. [son . A letter dated 21 Oct 1190, recording the arrival of the archbishop of Canterbury at Tyre, names “...frater comitis de Clara...” among those who had died [in Palestine][907]. The identity of this person is uncertain. He may have been the same person as James, who is named above. However, he could also have been a uterine brother of the earl, born to his mother’s second marriage.]

4. MATILDA (-bur Stanlow Priory). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Matildam de Clare sororem thesaurarii Eborum ecclesie” as wife of Roger, son of John Constable of Chester, adding that she was buried “in choro monachorum de Stanlaw” with her husband[908]. m ROGER FitzJohn de Lacy, son of JOHN FitzRobert Constable of Chester & his wife Alice --- (-1211, bur Stanlow Priory).

5. AVELINE (-[22 Nov 1220/4 Jun 1225]). Her parentage and first marriage are indicated by the order dated 23 Dec 1213 under which her son "Guarinus de Munchainesy" paid a fine for "hereditarie" with "W. com Arundell avunculus ipsius Warini" acting as guarantor[909], William Earl of Arundel being the son of the second husband of Warin’s paternal grandmother. King John confirmed "custodiam terre et heredum Willelmi de Mutkanes" to "Willelmo com Arundell", as well as "maritagium Aveline que fuit uxor ipsius Willelmi", by charter dated 7 May 1204[910]. "Gaufridus filius Petri comes Essex" donated property to Winchester St Swithin, for the anniversaries of "…Petri de Lutegareshale patris mei…et Mathildis matris mee…et sponsarum mearum Beatricis et Aveline et liberorum meorum" by undated charter[911]. m firstly WILLIAM de Munchensy, son of WARIN de Munchensy & his wife Agnes --- (-before 7 May 1204). m secondly (before 29 May 1205) as his second wife, GEOFFREY FitzPiers Earl of Essex, son of PETER de Ludgershall & his wife Matilda --- (-14 Oct 1213, bur Shouldham Priory).

Chapter 7. LINCOLN

The earldom of Lincoln was first granted in [1139] to William d'Aubigny, second husband of Queen Adelisa, who was later created Earl of Arundel. William de Roumare, who held estates in the county, rebelled, eventually captured King Stephen at Lincoln and seems to have forced his own creation as Earl of Lincoln from the king in [1141]. This earldom became extinct on the death, without issue, of William de Roumare Earl of Lincoln in [1198]. Curiously, King Stephen also created Gilbert de Gand Earl of Lincoln in [1147/48]. John de Lacy was created Earl of Lincoln by King Henry III in 1232. On the death of Alice de Lacy Ctss of Lincoln in 1348, the earldom became extinct. It was granted again in 1349 to Henry Earl of Lancaster, who was the younger brother of Thomas Earl of Lancaster who had been Ctss Alice's first husband. The earldom was eventually inherited by Henry "of Bolingbroke" Earl of Derby, son of John "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster, and was merged with the crown when he succeeded in 1400 as Henry IV King of England. It was granted once more in 1467 to John de la Pole, son and heir of John de la Pole Duke of Suffolk but became extinct again on his death without issue in 1487.

A. EARLS of LINCOLN 1141-1198 (ROUMARE)

Two brothers, parents not known:

1. GEROLD (-after Apr 1067). According to the Book of Lacock, “Geroldum comitem de Rosmar, Mantelec” was the son of “Walterus le Ewrus, comes de Rosmar”, and brother of “Edwardum…vicecomitem Wiltes” (ancestor of the earls of Salisbury)[912]. The Complete Peerage describes this supposed father as “a fictitious person”[913]. Châtelain de Neufmarché. Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume Duke of Normandy expelled "Belvacenses" from "castrum…Novus-Mercatus" and granted it to "Geroldo dapifero", dated to [1061/66][914]. A charter of Henry V King of England records donations to Saint-Amand de Rouen including the donations by "Giroldus miles Christi" of "ecclesiam de Rolmare", with the consent of William I King of England, for the soul of "Emiciæ uxoris meæ", witnessed by "Osbernus de Novoforo"[915]. "Geroud" donated the church of Roumare to the abbey of Saint-Amand Rouen, with the consent of "Robert his son and heir", for the soul of "his wife Albereda who died XII Kal Jun", by charter dated to [before Aug 1067], witnessed by "…Radulfus frater Geroudi, Hugo broc, Osbertus de Novoforo, Hugo filius Baudrici, Rogerus de Monte goimerico…"[916]. "…Gerald de Neufmarché…" witnessed the charter dated Apr 1067 under which William I King of England donated the church of Saint-Jacques de Beuvron to Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire[917]. m AUBREYE, daughter of --- (-21 May ----). "Geroud" donated the church of Roumare to the abbey of Saint-Amand Rouen, with the consent of "Robert his son and heir", for the soul of "his wife Albereda who died XII Kal Jun", by charter dated to [before Aug 1067], witnessed by "…Radulfus frater Geroudi…"[918]. Gerold & his wife had three children:

a) ROBERT (-after 1096). "Geroud" donated the church of Roumare to the abbey of Saint-Amand Rouen, with the consent of "Robert his son and heir", for the soul of "his wife Albereda who died XII Kal Jun", by charter dated to [before Aug 1067], witnessed by "…Radulfus frater Geroudi…"[919]. His charter to Le Bec was witnessed by his brother Roger. He held Corfe and other estates in 1086[920].

b) ROGER FitzGerold (-before 1098). Châtelain de Neufmarché. “R filius Geroldi” donated property to St Mary’s, York by charter dated to [1094/98], witnessed by “L. sua uxor et suus frater Wido…”[921].

- see below.

c) GUY . “R filius Geroldi” donated property to St Mary’s, York by charter dated to [1094/98], witnessed by “L. sua uxor et suus frater Wido…”[922].

2. RAOUL . "Geroud" donated the church of Roumare to the abbey of Saint-Amand Rouen, with the consent of "Robert his son and heir", for the soul of "his wife Albereda who died XII Kal Jun", by charter dated to [before Aug 1067], witnessed by "…Radulfus frater Geroudi…"[923].

ROGER FitzGerold, son of GEROLD & his wife Aubreye --- (-before 1098). Châtelain de Neufmarché. “R filius Geroldi” donated property to St Mary’s, York by charter dated to [1094/98], witnessed by “L. sua uxor et suus frater Wido…”[924].

m (after 1094) as her second husband, LUCY, widow of IVO Taillebois Lord of Kendal, daughter of --- & his wife [--- Malet] (-1138). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records that William I King of England arranged the marriage of "Ivo Taillebois" and "Lucia sister of Edwin and Morcar", her dowry consisting of their land at Hoyland[925], but this parentage appears impossible from a chronological point of view. Peter of Blois's Continuation of the Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the death of Ivo and his burial at the priory of Spalding, that their only daughter "who had been married to a husband of noble rank" had predeceased her father, and the remarriage of his widow "hardly had one month elapsed after his death" with "Roger de Romar the son Gerald de Romar"[926]. A manuscript recording the foundation of Spalding monastery records that “Yvo Talboys” married "Thoroldo…hærede Lucia" who, after the death of Ivo, married (in turn) "Rogerum filium Geroldi" and "comitem Cestriæ Ranulphum"[927]. Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records that "his wife the lady Lucia" married "Roger de Romar the son of Gerald de Romar" when "hardly had one month elapsed after the death" of her first husband "Ivo Taillebois"[928]. “R filius Geroldi” donated property to St Mary’s, York by charter dated to [1094/98], witnessed by “L. sua uxor et suus frater Wido…”[929]. She married thirdly (1098) Ranulf "Meschin" Earl of Chester. She is named as wife of Ranulf by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her first husband, but does not give her origin[930]. According to a charter of Henri Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) to her son Ranulf Earl of Chester dated 1153, Ctss Lucy was the niece of Robert Malet of Eye and of Alan of Lincoln, as well as kinswoman of Thorold "the Sheriff"[931].

Roger FitzGerold & his wife had two children:

1. WILLIAM de Roumare ([1096]-31 May before 1161, bur Revesby). The Genealogia Fundatoris of Coventry Monastery names “Willielmum postea comitem de terris paternis et Lincoln comitatus” as son of “Rogero filio Geroldi Romara” and his wife Lucy[932]. Seigneur de Roumare, near Rouen. Châtelain de Neufmarché[933]. Orderic Vitalis records that he disembarked before the sailing of the White Ship in Nov 1120, realising that "there was too great a crowd of wild and headstrong young men on board"[934]. He rebelled against Henry I King of England in Sep 1123, after being refused the restoration of his mother's lands which his stepfather had given to the king in exchange for the earldom of Chester[935]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Willo de Roumara" in Wiltshire (two entries)[936]. He appears to have been created Earl of Cambridge in [1138] by King Stephen[937]. He opposed the grant of the earldom of Lincoln to William d'Aubigny, having inherited estates in the county from his mother. He and his half-brother Ranulf "de Gernon" Earl of Chester seized Lincoln castle in Dec 1140, and after combining forces with Robert Earl of Gloucester captured the king 2 Feb 1141. After the king was released, he created Earl of Lincoln in [1141]. “Willelmus de Roumara comes Lincolniæ” made a grant to Beverley, with the consent of “Hadewysa comitissa uxore mea et Willelmo filio meo et herede”, by charter dated to [1144/46][938]. “Willielmus de Romara comes de Lincolnia et Willielmus filius eius et Hawdewissa comitissa uxor eius” founded Revesby abbey by undated charter[939]. "…Willelmo de Rolmare conestabuli…" witnessed the charter dated to [Sep 1151/Jan 1153] under which "Henricus dux Norm et comes Andeg" confirmed the foundation of the abbey of Fontenay at the request of "Jordani Taxonis"[940]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Willelmi de Romara" in Hampshire in [1158/59][941]. The Genealogia Fundatoris of Coventry Monastery records that he was buried at Revesby where he had become a monk before he died[942]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "31 May" of "Willelmus comes de Romara, fundator prioratus de Novo Mercato"[943]. m HAWISE de Reviers, daughter of RICHARD Seigneur de Reviers & his wife Adelise Peverel of Nottingham (-after 1161). “Willielmus de Romara comes de Lincolnia et Willielmus filius eius et Hawdewissa comitissa uxor eius” founded Revesby abbey by undated charter[944]. A manuscript detailing the descendants of the founders of Twinham Priory names “Hadwysam de Rumara comitissam Lincolniæ” as daughter of “Ricardus de Radvers comes Devoniæ…ex Adeliza comitissa uxore sua”[945], although other sources do not show that her father bore the comital title. “Willelmus de Roumara comes Lincolniæ” made a grant to Beverley, with the consent of “Hadewysa comitissa uxore mea et Willelmo filio meo et herede”, by charter dated to [1144/46][946]. Earl William & his wife had one child:

a) WILLIAM de Roumare "Hélie"[947] (-[12 Sep] 1151, bur [Revesby]). “Willelmus de Roumara comes Lincolniæ” made a grant to Beverley, with the consent of “Hadewysa comitissa uxore mea et Willelmo filio meo et herede”, by charter dated to [1144/46][948]. “Willielmus de Romara comes de Lincolnia et Willielmus filius eius et Hawdewissa comitissa uxor eius” founded Revesby abbey by undated charter[949]. The Genealogia Fundatoris of Coventry Monastery names “Willielmum de Romara” as son of “Willielmum postea comitem de terris paternis et Lincoln comitatus”, specifying that he predeceased his father and was buried “apud Revesby”[950]. [The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "12 Sep" of "Willelmus de Romara"[951].] m (after 1143) as her first husband, AGNES d'Aumâle, daughter of ETIENNE de Blois Comte d'Aumâle & his wife Hawise de Mortimer. A manuscript history of the foundation of Melsa Abbey records that “Willielmus” had “sorores quatuor, filias Stephani” who married “una…vicedomino de Pynkeney, altera…vicedomino de Verberay, tertia…Bertanno de Brikebet, quarta Willielmo de Romare et postea Petro de Brus”[952]. Secondary sources often indicate that Agnes married secondly (after 1151) [as his second wife,] Peter [I] de Brus. The difficulties with this theory are discussed in NORMANDY NOBILITY. William & his wife had three children:

i) WILLIAM (-[1198], bur [Revesby]). He succeeded his paternal grandfather in [1160] as Earl of Lincoln, as a minor probably until 1166[953]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Willelmus de Romara" with 14 knights "in Romeis apud Novum Mercatum" and seven other knights[954]. “Willielmus de Roumara nepos Willielmi comitis et hæres eius” confirmed donations to Revesby abbey, founded by “avus meus”, by charter dated 1 Apr 1172[955]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Willelmus de Roumara" paying "xxix l xii s vi d, lvii milites et quartam" in Lincolnshire[956]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Willelmus de Romare" paying "lix l xv s" in Lincolnshire[957]. m firstly ALICE, daughter of ---. She is named as William's wife in a charter to Spalding[958]. m secondly as her first husband, PHILIPPA d'Alençon, daughter of JEAN [I] Comte d'Alençon & his wife Beatrix de Maine [Anjou] (-before [1220]). She married secondly Guillaume [III] Malet de Graville, and thirdly (before Oct 1215) as his [first] wife, Guillaume de Préaux.

ii) ROBERT . "Willelmo de Roumara, Roberto fratre eius…" witnessed the charter, dated to the reign of King Henry II, under which "Matheus de Beningworde" acknowledged a donation of property by "Rogero de Benigworde fratre meo"[959].

iii) ROGER . Domesday Descendants notes "Roger de Romara, son of William de Romara and grandson of William I de Romara earl of Lincoln"[960].

2. ROGER ([1097]-). The Genealogia Fundatoris of Coventry Monastery names “Rogeri de Romara” as brother of “Willielmum postea comitem de terris paternis et Lincoln comitatus”, specifying that he founded “Revesby”[961].

B. EARLS of LINCOLN 1147/1148 (GAND)

WALTER van Gent, son of GILBERT van Gent Lord of Folkingham & his wife Alice de Montfort-sur-Risle (-1139, bur Bardney Abbey). The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Giselbrictum et Walterum” as children of ”Gislebrictus de Gaunt” & his wife[962]. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family names “Walterum et Robertum” as sons of “Giselbertus de Gaunt…[et] uxorem Aliciam de Montfort”[963]. ”Walterus de Gant, filius et hæres Gisilberti de Gant” restored Bardney Abbey in 1115, witnessed by “Roberto de ---, Willielmo nepote meo constabulario Cestriæ, Willielmo de Mandevill…”[964]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Walts de Gant" in Yorkshire, Northumberland[965]. "Walter de Gaunt" donated the phylactery which "Baldwin sororius suus sent him from Jerusalem" to Bridlington Priory by undated charter, witnessed by "Matilda his wife"[966]. "Walter de Gaunt" founded Bridlington priory, with the assent of Henry I King of England, by undated charter, witnessed by "Alan de Percy, Eustace FitzJohn, Jordan Paganel…Walter de Percy…"[967]. A charter of Edward II King of England confirmed donations to Bridlington priory, including by "Walter de Ganto" of "land in Brenlintona"[968]. He became a monk at Bardney Abbey.

m MATHILDE de Penthièvre, daughter of ETIENNE de Bretagne Comte de Penthièvre & his wife Havise de Guingamp. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family records that “Walterus”, son of “Giselbertus de Gaunt”, married “Matildam filiam comitis Stephani Britanniæ”, bringing “Swaldale” as dowry[969]. “Matildis filia consulis Stephani Britanniæ, uxor Walteri de Gaunt” donated property to Bridlington Priory by undated charter[970].

Walter & his wife had [seven] children:

1. GILBERT de Gand (Bridlington [1120]-1156, bur [Bridlington Priory]). The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Gilebertum…et Robertum fratrem eius” as sons of ”Walterus”, adding that Gilbert was Earl of Lincoln[971]. He was created Earl of Lincoln by King Stephen in 1147/48. "Gilbert Earl of Lincoln" donated "land in Spetona" to Bridlington Priory by undated charter, witnessed by "Geoffrey de Gaunt, Robert de Gaunt, Philip de Kyma dapifero…"[972]. “Gilbertus comes Lincolnie” chose his burial in the church of St Mary, Bridlington by charter dated to [1150/56], witnessed by “Gaufrido fratre meo…”[973]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1156 of "Gislebertus de Gant"[974]. m as her first husband, ROHESE de Clare, daughter of RICHARD FitzGilbert de Clare & his wife Agnes [Alicia] of Chester. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family records that “Gilbertus”, son of “Walterus”, married “Roesiam comitissam Lincolniæ”, adding that she married secondly "Roberto dapifero" by whom she was mother of "Roesia de Bulington nupta Simoni de Kyma"[975]. She married secondly ([1157/63]) Robert FitzRobert. Gilbert & his wife had one child:

a) ALICE de Gand (-1185, bur Bridlington). Robert of Torigny records that "filiam eius unicam [Gisleberti de Gant]" married "Symon iuvenis filius comitis Symonis"[976]. The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Aliciam” as the daughter of ”Gilbertus”, adding that she married “Simon de Monteforti comes Noramtoniæ”[977]. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family names “Aliciam” as the daughter of “Gilbertus”, adding that she married “Simoni de sancto Licio, comiti Huntingtoniæ et Northamptoniæ”, died childless, and was buried “apud Bredlinton”[978]. "A. comitissa Norhamtunie filia Gilleberti comes Lincolnie" confirmed the donation of land in Scampton to Kirkstead abbey by "Radulfus filius Gilleberti", for the health of "sponsi mei Simonis comitis", by charter dated to early in the reign of King Henry II[979]. m SIMON de Senlis Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton, son of SIMON de Senlis Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton & his wife Isabelle de Beaumont ([1138]-Jun 1184, bur St Andrew's Priory).

2. GEOFFREY de Gand (-[1150/56]). “Gilbertus de Gant” donated property to the canons of Thornton by charter dated to [1139/47], witnessed by “Gaufrido et Roberto et Baldewino fratribus Gilberti de Gant…”[980]. "Gilbert Earl of Lincoln" donated "land in Spetona" to Bridlington Priory by undated charter, witnessed by "Geoffrey de Gaunt, Robert de Gaunt, Philip de Kyma dapifero…"[981]. “Gilbertus comes Lincolnie” chose his burial in the church of St Mary, Bridlington by charter dated to [1150/56], witnessed by “Gaufrido fratre meo…”[982].

3. ROBERT de Gand (-[1191/92], bur Vaudey Abbey). “Gilbertus de Gant” donated property to the canons of Thornton by charter dated to [1139/47], witnessed by “Gaufrido et Roberto et Baldewino fratribus Gilberti de Gant…”[983]. The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Gilebertum…et Robertum fratrem eius” as sons of ”Walterus”, adding that Gilbert was Earl of Lincoln[984]. "Gilbert Earl of Lincoln" donated "land in Spetona" to Bridlington Priory by undated charter, witnessed by "Geoffrey de Gaunt, Robert de Gaunt, Philip de Kyma dapifero…"[985]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Robertus de Gant v m" in Yorkshire in [1161/62][986]. “Robertus de Gaunt et Aeliz Paganella uxor sua et Avicia filia eorum” donated property to the hospital of St John of Jerusalem by charter dated to [1166/77], witnessed by “…Henrico de Gaunt…”[987]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Robertus de Gaunt" paying "xxxiv l v s iv d" in Lincolnshire[988]. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family records that “Roberto filio Walteri” succeeded his niece in the Gand inheritance, died in 1192 and was buried “apud Vawdye”[989]. “Robertus de Gaunt, filius Walteri de Gaunt” confirmed donations of property to Bridlington Priory by “Walterus de Gaunt pater meus et Gilbertus de Gaunt comes Lincolniæ frater meus”, by undated charter[990]. m firstly as her second husband, ALICE Paynell, widow of RICHARD de Courcy, daughter of WILLIAM Paynell de Drax & his second wife Avice de Rumilly. An undated manuscript relating to Croxton Abbey, Leicestershire records that “Aviciam de Romely…unicam filiam Aliciam” married ”Roberto de Ganth”[991]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not been identified. “Avicia de Romelli” notified her donation to the canons of Drax, for the soul of “Willelmi Paganelli mariti mei”, with the consent of “domini Roberti de Gant et Adelicie filie mee uxoris eiusdem Roberti”, by charter dated to [1147/52], witnessed by “Robertus de Gant et Adelicia Paganella uxor eius et Adelicia soror Roberti de Gant…”[992]. “R de Gaunt” donated property to Bridlington convent, for the souls of “comitis Gilberti…et…Adeliz uxoris mee et Aviz filie mee” by charter dated to [1156/75][993]. “Robertus de Gaunt et Aeliz Paganella uxor sua et Avicia filia eorum” donated property to the hospital of St John of Jerusalem by charter dated to [1166/77], witnessed by “…Henrico de Gaunt…”[994]. A charter of King Richard I dated 7 Sep 1189 confirmed donations to Vaudey abbey among which by “Robertus de Gant et Alizia Painell uxor eius”[995]. m secondly ([1189?]) as her first husband, GUNNORA de Albini Brito, daughter of RALPH de Albini Brito & his wife Sibylla de Valoignes ([1177?]-). A charter of King Richard I dated 7 Sep 1189 confirmed donations to Vaudey abbey among which by “Roberti de Gant et Gundredæ uxoris eius”[996]. Domesday Descendants names Gunnora, wife first of Robert de Gand and secondly of Nicholas de Stuteville, as the youngest of the three daughters of Ralph de Albini Brito and his wife[997]. From a chronological point of view, this appears tight, but is consistent with other information related in the present section. The Gand/Stuteville connection appears confirmed by the following document: "Gillebertus de Gant" [Gunnora’s son by her first marriage] confirmed the donation of land at Barton on Humber to Rufford monastery, Nottinghamshire, for the souls of "patris mei Roberti de Gant et matris mee Gunwar de Gant", by charter dated to the late 12th century [?], witnessed by "Nicolao de Stuteville…" [Gunnora’s second husband?][998]. She married secondly (after [1191/92]) Nicholas [III] de Stuteville. Robert & his first wife had one child:

a) AVICE de Gand . An undated manuscript relating to Croxton Abbey, Leicestershire names “Aviciam” as daughter of “Roberto de Ganth” and his wife Alice, adding that she married ”Roberto filio Roberti Arding de Bristow”, by whom she had “filium…Mauricium” who died childless, leaving “Andreæ Luterel per matrem suam, quæ fuit de parentelli Paynellorum” as his heir[999]. “R de Gaunt” donated property to Bridlington convent, for the souls of “comitis Gilberti…et…Adeliz uxoris mee et Aviz filie mee” by charter dated to [1156/75][1000]. “Robertus de Gaunt et Aeliz Paganella uxor sua et Avicia filia eorum” donated property to the hospital of St John of Jerusalem by charter dated to [1166/77], witnessed by “…Henrico de Gaunt…”[1001]. m as his second wife, ROBERT [de Berkeley], son of ROBERT FitzHarding & his wife Eva --- (-[1195]).

Robert & his second wife had one child:

b) GILBERT de Gand ([1191/92?]-1242). ”Gilbertus de Gaunt, filius Roberti de Gaunt” confirmed donations to Bardney Abbey by “Gilebrictus de Gaunt actavus meus et uxor eius Aliz…de Muntfort, et Walterus de Gaunt avus meus, et comes Gilbertus avunculus meus, et Rob. de Gaunt pater meus” by undated charter[1002]. Titular [Earl of Lincoln]. "Gillebertus de Gant" confirmed the donation of land at Barton on Humber to Rufford monastery, Nottinghamshire, for the souls of "patris mei Roberti de Gant et matris mee Gunwar de Gant", by charter dated to the late 12th century, witnessed by "Nicolao de Stuteville…"[1003]. m ---. The name of Gilbert’s wife is not known. Gilbert & his wife had three children:

i) ROBERT de Gaunt (-before 1242). The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Robertum et Gilbertum” as the children of ”Gilbertus”, adding that Robert predeceased his father[1004].

ii) GILBERT de Gaunt of Folkingham, Lincolnshire (-Folkingham 5 Jan 1274). The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Robertum et Gilbertum” as the children of ”Gilbertus”[1005]. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family records that “Gilbertum”, son of “Gilbertus”, died “1274 Non Jan apud Falkingham” and was buried “apud Bridlington”[1006]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 26 Jan "2 Edw I" following the death of "Gilbert de Gaunt" name “Gilbert de Gaunt [his son and heir] is his next and of full age...aged 24 and more...25”, and notes that he had given Hundemanby to “Gilbert his son...in marriage with Lora de Balyolo”[1007]. m ---. The name of Gilbert’s wife is not known. Gilbert & his wife had four children:

(a) MARGARET . The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey records that ”Gilbertus”, son of Gilbert, had “duas sorores…Margaretam et Nicholaam”, adding that Margaret married “Will. de Kardestone” and that they were parents of “Rogerum”, whose son was “Willelmum”[1008]. Her son Roger de Kerdeston was summoned to Parliament in 1332 whereby he is held to have become Lord Kerdeston[1009]. m WILLIAM de Kerdeston of Kerdiston, co. Norfolk, son of ---.

(b) GILBERT de Gaunt ([1249]-1298). The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey records that “Gilbertus filius eius” succeeded on the death of ”Gilbertus”, son of Gilbert[1010]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 26 Jan "2 Edw I" following the death of "Gilbert de Gaunt" name “Gilbert de Gaunt [his son and heir] is his next and of full age...aged 24 and more...25”, and notes that he had given Hundemanby to “Gilbert his son...in marriage with Lora de Balyolo”[1011]. A charter dated 17 Jun 1278 records the quitclaim of "Gilbert de Gaunt son and heir of domini Gilbert de Gaunt" in favour of Bridlington priory[1012]. Lord Gaunt. m (before 26 Jan 1274) LORA de Balliol, daughter of HENRY de Balliol of Cavers, co. Roxburgh & his wife Lorette de Valoignes (-1309). The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Loram, sororem Alexandri de Baliolf” as wife of ”Gilbertus”, son of Gilbert, adding that they died childless[1013]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 26 Jan "2 Edw I" following the death of "Gilbert de Gaunt" name “Gilbert de Gaunt [his son and heir] is his next and of full age...aged 24 and more...25”, and notes that he had given Hundemanby to “Gilbert his son...in marriage with Lora de Balyolo”[1014].

(c) NICHOLE (-1284, bur Hazlewood Chapel near Tadcaster). The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey records that ”Gilbertus”, son of Gilbert, had “duas sorores…Margaretam et Nicholaam”, adding that Nichole married “Petrus de Malolaeu” and that they were parents of “Petrum”[1015]. m (1273 or before) PIERS de Maulay of Mulgrave and Doncaster, Yorkshire, son of PIERS de Maulay & his second wife --- (22 Jul 1249-6 Sep 1308). He was summoned to Parliament in 1295 whereby he is held to have become Lord Mauley[1016].

(d) JULIENNE (before 1258-after 1311). The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey records that ”Gilbertus”, son of Gilbert, had “tertio soror Juliana”, who died unmarried[1017].

iii) GUNNOR . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m RALPH de Sucheville, son of ---.

4. BALDWIN de Gand . “Gilbertus de Gant” donated property to the canons of Thornton by charter dated to [1139/47], witnessed by “Gaufrido et Roberto et Baldewino fratribus Gilberti de Gant…”[1018].

5. ALICE de Gand . “Avicia de Romelli” notified her donation to the canons of Drax, for the soul of “Willelmi Paganelli mariti mei”, with the consent of “domini Roberti de Gant et Adelicie filie mee uxoris eiusdem Roberti”, by charter dated to [1147/52], witnessed by “Robertus de Gant et Adelicia Paganella uxor eius et Adelicia soror Roberti de Gant…”[1019]. “Aliz de Gant” donated property to Pontefract Priory, for the souls of “prioris domini mei Ilberti de Lascy” and with the consent of “Henricus de Lascy”, by undated charter[1020]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which “Rogerus de Molbrai” confirmed the donation of property to Pontefract Priory by “uxor mea…pro anima prioris domini sui Ilberti de Lasci”, witnessed by “Willielmus Peverel…Turgis de Molbray…”[1021]. It is dated by an undated charter under which Roger de Mowbray and his wife Alice (Ilbert’s widow) donated property to the abbey of St. Mary, Hood, witnessed by William “decanus” who was consecrated bishop of Durham 20 Jun 1143, thus providing the latest date for the document[1022]. “Alicia de Gaunt uxor Rogeri de Mubray” donated property to Fountains Abbey by charter dated 13 Apr 1176 which names “filiorum meorum Nigelli et Roberti”[1023]. m firstly ILBERT de Lacy, son of ROBERT de Lacy & his wife Matilda --- (-[Feb 1141/May 1143], bur [Pontefract Priory]). m secondly ([Feb 1141/20 Jun 1143]) ROGER de Mowbray, son of NELE d'Aubigny & his second wife Gundred de Gournay (-[late 1187/1188]).

6. [AGNES . A charter of King Henry I confirmed the foundation and possessions of Bridlington priory, including the donation of "ecclesiam de Wicheforda" made by "Willielmus de Moion et uxor eius Agnes"[1024]. The parentage of Agnes is not known. Maxwell-Lyte suggests "with some confidence" that she was the daughter of Walter de Gant & his wife[1025]. He bases this on the possession by Gilbert de Gand of Whichford, Warwickshire (then in Northamptonshire) in 1086, Gilbert’s son Walter’s foundation of the priory at Bridlington, and the donation by William de Mohun and Agnes his wife of the church of Whichford to Bridlington. m WILLIAM [II] de Mohun, son of WILLIAM [I] de Mohun & his wife Adelise --- (-after [1150]).]

7. MATILDA de Gand . Her parentage and marriage are noted in Domesday Descendants[1026]. m WILLIAM de Welle of Wells and Claxby, Norfolk, son of WALTER FitzRademer & his wife ---.

C. EARLS of LINCOLN 1232-1348 (LACY)

JOHN de Lacy, son of ROGER de Lacy & his wife Matilda de Clare ([1192]-22 Jul 1240[1027], bur Stanlow, later transferred to Whalley). A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Johannem, secundum constabularium, et comitem Lincolniæ” as son of Roger and his wife “Matildam de Clare”[1028]. Constable of Chester: Matthew Paris records, in 1218, the arrival at Damieta in Egypt of “...Johanne constabulario Cestriæ...”[1029]. He was created Earl of Lincoln in 1232. A manuscript history of the Lacy family records the death “XI Kal Aug 1240” of “Johannes de Lacy primus comes Lincolniæ” and his burial “apud Stanlaw”[1030]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in Aug 1240 of “Johannes de Lacy comes Lyncolniæ”[1031].

m firstly ALICE de Laigle, daughter of GILBERT de Laigle & his wife Isabelle de Warenne [Anjou] (-bur Norton). A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Aliciam filiam Gilberti de Aquila” as wife of “Johannes de Lacy primus comes Lincolniæ”, adding that she was buried “apud Norton”[1032].

m secondly (1221, before 21 Jun) as her first husband, MARGARET de Quincy, daughter of ROBERT de Quincy & his wife Hawise Ctss of Lincoln (before 1208-Hampstead Mar 1266, bur Clerkenwell, Church of the Hospitallers). The Annales Londonienses name "Margaretam…comitissa Lincolniæ" as the daughter of "Hawisia…de Roberto de Quency"[1033]. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1221 that “Johannes constabularius Cestrie” married “filiam Roberti de Quenci neptam domini Ranulphi comitis Cestrie”[1034]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Johanni de Laci constabulario Cestriæ” married “Roberto de Quincy…filiam Margaretam comitissam Lincolniæ”[1035]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Johanni de Laci constabulario Cestriæ” married “Roberto de Quincy…filiam Margaretam comitissam Lincolniæ”[1036]. A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that “Johannes de Lacy primus comes Lincolniæ” married “Margaretam filiam Roberti Quincy comitis Wintoniæ nepotem Ranulphi comitis Cestriæ” after the death of his first wife[1037]. She married secondly ([Jan 1242]) Walter Marshal Earl of Pembroke. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “circa Epiphaniam Domini” in 1241 of “Walterus Marescallus comes” and “comitissam Lincolniæ…Margeriam, uxorem quondam Johannis comitis Lincolniæ”[1038]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[1039]. She married thirdly (before 7 Jun 1252) Richard de Wilteshir. "Margery countess of Lincoln and Pembroke and Richard de Wilteshir and their heirs" were granted "a yearly fair at their manor of Chelebiry" dated 7 Jun 1252[1040]. The Annals of Worcester record the death in 1266 of “Margareta comitissa Lincolniæ”[1041]. The Annals of Winchester record the death “apud Hamstede” in 1266 of “Margareta comitissa Lyncollniæ”[1042].

Earl John & his second wife had two children:

1. MATILDA de Lacy ([1221/25][1043]-[1287/10 Mar 1289]). The Annales Cambriæ record that "Ricardus de Clare" married "M filiam J de Laci comitis Lincolniæ" in 1238[1044]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “circa Purificationem beatæ Virginis” of “filia comitis Lincolniæ” and “Ricardo de Clare”[1045]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1238 of "Ricardum de Clare filium comitis Gloverniæ" and "Matildæ filiæ comitis Lincolniæ"[1046]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the marriage of “Ricardus de Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and “Matildem…filiam comitis Lincolniæ”[1047]. m (25 Jan 1238 or before) as his second wife, RICHARD de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, son of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford & his wife Isabel Marshal of Pembroke (4 Aug 1222-Ashenfield in Waltham, near Canterbury 15 Jul 1262, bur Tonbridge, transferred 28 Jul 1262 to Tewkesbury).

2. EDMUND (1230-2 Jun 1258, bur Stanlow Abbey). A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Edmundum de Lacy comitem, constabularium Cestriæ”, born in 1230, as son of “Johannes de Lacy primus comes Lincolniæ” and his second wife, but adding that he predeceased his mother and therefore did not succeed as Earl of Lincoln[1048]. He succeeded his father in 1240 as Earl of Lincoln, although he does not appear to have been formally invested with the earldom[1049]. “Edmundus de Lascy constabularius Cestriæ” donated property to Roche Abbey, for the souls of “patris mei Johannis de Lascy et Margaretæ matris meæ, et Alesiæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[1050]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1257 of “Eadmundus de Lacy frater Matilidis comitissæ Gloucestriæ” and his burial “apud ---”[1051]. m (Woodstock early May 1247) ALASIA di Saluzzo, daughter of MANFREDO III Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Béatrix de Savoie ([1236]-before 12 Jul 1311, bur Pontefract, Church of the Black Friars). Henry III King of England agreed that “unam filiarum filiæ...comitis [Sabaudiæ]” would marry “vel Johanni de Warenna qui si vixerit comes erit Warennæ, vel Edmundo de Lacy qui si vixerit comes erit Lincolniæ” by charter dated 1246[1052]. A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that “Edmundum de Lacy comitem” married “dominam Aleciam filiam marchionis de Salves in Italia, cognatam reginæ Anglia ex parte Sabinensi” when she was “in juventute sua”[1053]. “Edmundus de Lascy constabularius Cestriæ” donated property to Roche Abbey, for the souls of “…Alesiæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[1054]. This marriage was arranged through Pierre de Savoie, uncle of Queen Eleanor and great-uncle of Alasia[1055]. As Alasia gave birth to her first child in 1250, it is unlikely that she could have been born later than 1236, although at that date her own mother was probably only thirteen years old. Given this tight chronology, it is assumed that Alasia was her parents' first child. Earl Edmund & his wife had three children:

a) HENRY (6 or 13 Jan 1251-Holborn 5 Feb 1311, bur 28 Feb 1311 London, St Paul's). A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Henricus de Lacy comes Lincolniæ” as son of “Edmundum de Lacy comitem” and his wife[1056]. He succeeded his father in 1258 as Earl of Lincoln. An undated writ "48 Hen III", after the death of "Roger de Quency earl of Winchester", records that he died "on the day of St Mark the Evangelist" and names "Henry de Lascy aged 14 on the day of the Epiphany next, is his heir"[1057]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1311 of "Henricus Lacy comes Lincolniæ"[1058]. The Annals of Crokesden Abbey, Staffordshire record the death in 1310 (O.S.) of “Dñs Henricus de Lacy, Comes Lincoln et Const. Cestrie” in London and his burial at St Paul’s[1059]. m firstly (contract 23 Dec 1256 or before, before 1 Jun 1268) MARGARET Longespee, daughter of WILLIAM Longespee & his wife Matilda de Clifford ([1255]-[8 Oct 1306/16 Jun 1310]). The Book of Lacock names “Margaretam” as only daughter of “Guill. Lungespee tertius, filius Guill. Lungespee secundi” & his wife, adding that she married “d’no Henrico de Lacy comiti Lincolniæ”[1060]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Henricum Lacy comitem Lincolniæ” married “filia comitis Sarum”[1061]. A document dated 23 Dec 1256 confirmed the agreement for the marriage between "Edmund de Lacy...Henry [his] firstborn son and heir" and "William Lungespe...Margaret [his] firstborn daughter and heir", noting that “if Henry die before contracting the said marriage, then John the younger son of Edmund shall marry her”[1062]. She succeeded her paternal great-grandmother in 1261 as Ctss of Salisbury suo iure, although she never used this title. m secondly (before 16 Jun 1310) as her first husband, JOAN Martin, daughter of WILLIAM Martin Lord Martin & his wife Eleanor de Mohun née FitzPiers (-[1 Aug] 1322). She married secondly (before 6 Jun 1313) Nicholas Audley. Her second marriage is confirmed by inquisitions dated 23 Nov 1392 relating to the manor of Tawstok which name "Philip de Columbariis and Eleanor his wife" and "Johanna sister of the said Eleanor", who was mother of "James d’Audelee", as daughters and heiresses of "William Martyn chevalier"[1063]. An entry in the Close Rolls dated 4 Jul 1321 ordered “Joan late the wife of Nicholas Daudeleye” to pay yearly pension to “Nicholas de Wedergrave...from the manor of Forde...part of her dower”, while another entry dated 27 Jul 1329, dealing with Smallwood manor, Cheshire, records that “Joan” (indicating Nicholas’s widow) died “about the feast of St Peter ad Vincula, 16 Edward II” after which the manor was taken into the king’s hands[1064]. Earl Henry & his first wife had three children:

i) EDMUND (20 Nov 1271-young). The Book of Lacock names “Edmundum et Johannem de Lacy” as children of “d’no Henrico de Lacy comiti Lincolniæ” and his wife Margaret, adding that they both predeceased their parents[1065]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "XII Kal Dec" [1271] of "Henrico de Lacy comiti Lincolniensi filius…Eadmundum"[1066]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln names “Edmundum…et filiam Aleseiam” as children of “Henricum Lacy comitem Lincolniæ”, adding that Edmund predeceased his father[1067].

ii) JOHN (-young). The Book of Lacock names “Edmundum et Johannem de Lacy” as children of “d’no Henrico de Lacy comiti Lincolniæ” and his wife Margaret, adding that they both predeceased their parents[1068].

iii) ALICE de Lacy ([Denbigh Castle] 25 Dec 1281-2 Oct 1348, bur Barlings Abbey, Birling, Kent). The Book of Lacock names “Alesiam” as the daughter of “d’no Henrico de Lacy comiti Lincolniæ” and his wife Margaret, adding that she married “comiti de Lancaster, Leicester et de Ferrers, Thomæ”[1069]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln names “Edmundum…et filiam Aleseiam” as children of “Henricum Lacy comitem Lincolniæ”, adding that Alice married “domino Thomæ comiti Lancastriæ et Leicestriæ” and after his death “domino Ebuloni de Strange”[1070]. A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Alicia” as daughter of “Henricus de Lacy comes Lincolniæ”, adding that she married “Thomæ filio comitis Lancastriæ”[1071]. She succeeded her mother as Ctss of Salisbury before 16 Jun 1310, and her father 5 Feb 1311 as Ctss of Lincoln. m firstly (on or before 28 Oct 1294, divorced [1318]) THOMAS Earl of Lancaster, son of EDMUND "Crouchback" Earl of Lancaster & his second wife Blanche d'Artois ([1277/80]-executed Pontefract, Yorkshire 22 Mar 1322, bur Pontefract, Priory of St John). m secondly (before 10 Nov 1324) EBLES Le Strange, son of JOHN Le Strange Lord Strange of Knokyn & his [second wife Matilda ---] (-Scotland 8 Sep 1335, bur Barlings Abbey, Birling, Kent). He was the squire of the Earl of Surrey who abducted Ctss Alice in 1317, triggering her divorce from her first husband. He was summoned to Parliament in 1326 whereby he is held to have become Lord Strange. m thirdly (before 23 Mar 1336) HUGH de Frene Lord Frene, son of --- (-Perth [Dec 1336/Jan 1337]).

b) JOHN ([1252/56]-after 23 Dec 1256). His parentage is confirmed by the following document: A document dated 23 Dec 1256 confirmed the agreement for the marriage between "Edmund de Lacy...Henry [his] firstborn son and heir" and "William Lungespe...Margaret [his] firstborn daughter and heir", noting that “if Henry die before contracting the said marriage, then John the younger son of Edmund shall marry her”[1072].

c) MARGARET (-after 1273, bur Pontefract Church of the Black Friars). King Henry III confirmed the marriage contract between "Georgium filium Willielmi de Cantilupo" and "Margaritam filiam Edmundi de Lacy", dated 1254[1073]. m (contract ratified 1 Sep 1254) GEORGE de Cauntelo Lord of Abergavenny, son of WILLIAM [IV] de Cauntelo of Calne, Wiltshire & his wife Eva de Briouse heiress of Abergavenny (Abergavenny 29 Mar 1252-18 Oct 1273).

Chapter 8. NORTHUMBERLAND

The earldom of Northumberland was created in 1377 in favour of Henry de Percy. This was the first time since the arrival of the Normans that Northumberland was treated in the same way as other English counties and provided with its own earl After the Norman conquest, the kings of England had continued to appoint administrators over the territory of Northumberland which, in pre-conquest times had been governed by a series of earls of Anglo-Saxon and Danish origin (see ANGLO-SAXON NOBILITY). Northumberland was the successor to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, although the territory covered was less extensive. Its administrative status had obviously changed, but Northumberland continued to represent a buffer area between the kingdoms of England and Scotland which enjoyed semi-autonomy. Not conquered by the Normans as completely as the rest of England, King William I presumably saw advantage in maintaining the pre-conquest pattern for its administration. In contrast to Norman earldoms in counties south of the River Tees, the task of the appointed administrators of Northumberland appears to have been to govern in a more hands-on way, the aim presumably being to reduce the county to subjugation in the same way as the southern counties. King William appointed Anglo-Saxon administrators from the families of the pre-conquest earls. Although presumably more acceptable to the local population, these appointees were less willing to accept the constraints of central authority. In the first thirty years after the conquest, eight administrative earls were appointed by William I and his successor William II[1074]. Of the four appointees of Anglo-Saxon origin, three rebelled against the king and were replaced. The other Anglo-Saxon appointee met a violent death soon after his appointment, a fate shared by two of the Norman-origin appointees. The last appointee, Robert de Mowbray, governed so badly and with such cruelty that King William II was obliged to remove him from office forcibly in 1095. The experiment of appointing powerful local administrators had proved a failure, and direct rule by the king was the only way forward. This continued until 1139 when, under the terms of the peace treaty between King Stephen and David I King of Scotland, Northumberland was alienated by the English king and conferred by the Scottish king as an earldom on his son Henry. It remained in the Scottish royal family until 1157, when Malcolm IV King of Scotland surrendered it to Henry II King of England in the name of his younger brother William (the future William "the Lion" King of Scotland). During the succeeding 120 years, only one administrator was appointed over Northumberland. This was Hugues du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, who purchased the earldom from King Richard I when the king was raising funds for the Crusade and who voluntarily surrendered it after the king returned to England in 1194. What then were the reasons for the change of policy when King Richard II appointed Henry Percy as Earl of Northumberland in 1377? Henry Percy had risen to prominence as a military figure during the reign of King Edward III. He had served in France under John "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster and was appointed to the prestigious post of Marshal of England in 1376. He also had experience dealing with Scotland, having been appointed "surveyor of the castles and forts in the East March of Scotland" in Feb 1367[1075]. There is no reason to suppose that Northumberland was any easier to control then than it had been after the conquest, so a powerful figure, with a strong personality and the right experience, may have been what was needed to impose royal authority. It is also tempting to think that the posting may have presented an opportunity to remove from the scene such a strong individual who might otherwise have exercised too much influence over the minor King Richard II just after his accession.

A. NORTHUMBERLAND [1080/81]-1095 (MOWBRAY)

1. [GEOFFROY (-2 Feb 1093). Bishop of Coutances 1048. Orderic Vitalis records that "Gaufredus...Constantiniensis episcopus de nobili Normannorum progenie ortus" was named "magister militum" and granted 280 manors by King William which he bequeathed to “nepoti suo de Molbraio”[1076]. According to Florence of Worcester, Robert de Mowbrai was nephew of Geoffroy Bishop of Coutances[1077]. It is not known whether Geoffroy was Robert’s paternal or maternal uncle.]

2. ROGER de Montbrai, son of ---. Orderic Vitalis names “...Hugo de Grentemasinilio et Rogerius de Molbraio...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[1078]. The linking of the two names in this list suggests a family relationship between the two, which has not been traced. A charter of Guillaume II Duke of Normandy, confirmed in a charter of King William I dated 1080, confirmed the foundation of Caen Sainte-Trinité and its possessions, including the donation of “quam habebat in Grainvilla, pro filia sua ibi facta monacha” made by “Rogerius de Molbray” witnessed by “Drogo de Sancto Vigore et Rainaldus de Glanvilla”[1079]. m ---. The name of Roger’s wife is not known. Roger & his wife had [three] children:

a) ROBERT de Mowbray [Montbrai] (-[after 1125]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Rogerii de Molbraio filius” possessed “cclxxx villas in Anglia” which King William I had granted to “Goisfredo Constantiniensi episcopo” who, when he died, bequeathed them to “Rodberto nepoti suo comiti Nordanhimbrorum”[1080]. Florence of Worcester also records that he was nephew of Geoffroy Bishop of Coutances[1081]. Orderic Vitalis records the rebellion of Robert, son of King William I, and his departure from Normandy accompanied by “Rodbertus de Bellismo et Guillelmus de Britolio, Rogerius Ricardi de Benefacta filius, Rodbertus de Molbraio et Guillelmus de Molinis, Guillelmus de Ruperia”, dated to [1077/78], and their journeys during five years of exile[1082]. He was appointed Earl administrator of Northumberland in [1080/81]. He allegedly governed badly and with cruelty. Florence of Worcester records that he plotted against William II King of England in 1088[1083]. Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem comitem et Ricardum de Radveriis...Rodbertum de Molbraio” as the main supporters of “Henricus clito” who governed “Abrincas et Cæsarisburgum et Constantiam atque Guabreium” [Avranches, Cherbourg, Coutances, Gavray], dated to [1090][1084]. He defended Northumberland against incursions from Scotland, culminating in the Scottish defeat at Alnwick in 1093 with King Malcolm III and his eldest son were killed. Florence of Worcester records that "rex Scottorum Malcolmus et primogenitus filius suus Eadwardus" were killed in battle in Northumbria "die S Bricii" [13 Nov] by the army of "Rotberti Northymbrorum comitis"[1085]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Roberto de Molbraio comiti Nordanhumbrorum” rebelled against King William II, was captured and imprisoned for about 34 years[1086]. Florence of Worcester records that "Northymbrensis comes Rotbertus de Mulbrei et Willelmus de Owe" conspired against William II King of England in [1095], planning to place "filium amitæ illius Stephanus de Albamarno" on the English throne[1087]. He was eventually captured, deprived of Northumberland and imprisoned at Windsor[1088]. He spent about 34 years in prisons, "growing old without offspring" according to Florence of Worcester[1089], then was allowed to become a monk at St Albans according to Orderic Vitalis[1090]. m (1095) as her first husband, MATHILDE de Laigle, daughter of RICHER de Laigle & his wife Judith d'Avranches of Chester (-[after Oct 1155][1091]). Orderic Vitalis names “Gislebertum Aquilensem et Engenulfum et Mathildem et alios plures filios et filias” as the children of “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium” and his wife, adding that Mathilde married “Roberto de Molbraio comiti Nordanhumbrorum”[1092]. She married secondly during the lifetime of her first husband (after 1107, with special dispensation from Pope Paschal II) as his first wife, Nele de Albini, who was granted Montbrai, in Normandy and the forfeited lands of her first husband[1093], but who eventually repudiated her after the death of her brother Gilbert[1094]. Eyton discusses her life and land holdings in more detail[1095]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Mathildi de Aqila" in Dorsetshire and exempted in Staffordshire[1096].

b) son . Florence of Worcester records that the (unnamed) brother of Earl Robert was captured after William II King of England stormed his brother's castle after the revolt of 1095[1097].

c) [---. It is possible that this is the same person as the unnamed brother of Earl Robert shown above.] m ---. One child:

i) MOREL . Orderic Vitalis names Morel as "nepos" of Robert de Mowbray, with whom he killed Malcolm III King of Scotland[1098]. William of Malmesbury calls him "Morael of Bamborough, steward of Robert Mowbray" but does not state his relationship to the latter[1099]. Orderic records that, after "his master" had been condemned to perpetual imprisonment, Morel "fled wretchedly from England and, wandering through many lands, grew old in exile, poverty-stricken and despised"[1100].

B. EARLS of NORTHUMBERLAND 1377-1527 (PERCY)

HENRY de Percy, son of HENRY Percy Lord Percy & his first wife Mary of Lancaster (10 Nov 1341-killed in battle Bramham Moor, near Tadcaster 19 Feb 1408, bur York Minster). A manuscript genealogy of the Percy family records the birth 10 Nov 1341 of “Henricus primogenitus”, son of “Henricus” and his wife “Mariam filiam domini Henrici comitis Lancastriæ”[1101]. He succeeded his father in 1368 as Lord Percy. Marshal of England 1376. Created Earl of Northumberland at the coronation of King Richard II 16 Jul 1377. The Liber Vitæ of Durham names "Henricus Percy, Comes Northumbriæ Henricus, Thomas, Radulphus filii eius, Gilbertus Umfranville, Comes Dangus, Dñs Johannes Neuylle, Dñs Radulphus filius eius"[1102]. After playing a prominent part in the deposition of King Richard and the succession of King Henry IV, he was made Constable of England for life 30 Sep 1399. He fled to Scotland (from there to Wales and Brittany) 1405 after plotting against the King. He was attainted by Parliament 1406, when his honours were forfeited. He was killed in battle after he returned to England with a force.

m firstly (Brancepeth 12 Jul 1358) as her second husband, MARGARET de Neville, widow of WILLIAM de Ros of Hamelanke, daughter of RALPH de Neville Lord Neville of Raby & his wife Alice de Audley (-May 1372).

m secondly (15 Dec 1381 or before) as her second husband, MATILDA de Lucy Baroness Lucy, widow of GILBERT de Umfraville Earl of Angus, daughter of THOMAS de Lucy Lord Lucy & his first wife Margaret de Multon (-18 Dec 1398).

Earl Henry & his first wife had three children:

1. HENRY Percy "Hotspur" (20 May 1364-killed in battle Shrewsbury 21 Jul 1403, bur Whitchurch, transferred Nov 1403 to York Minster). The Liber Vitæ of Durham names "Henricus Percy, Comes Northumbriæ Henricus, Thomas, Radulphus filii eius…"[1103]. Lord Percy. His main military campaigns were against Scotland. He acted with his father to depose King Richard II, but his relations with King Henry IV deteriorated until he was in open rebellion, claiming the throne for his wife's nephew Edmund Mortimer. He was killed at the battle of Shrewsbury against the King. His insurrection was declared treason Jan 1404, and his lands forfeited. m (before 10 Dec 1379) as her first husband, ELIZABETH Mortimer, daughter of EDMUND [III] Mortimer Earl of March & his wife Philippa of Clarence (Usk, Monmouthshire 12 Feb 1371-20 Apr 1417, bur Trotton, Sussex). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey names “Elizabetha primogenita” as daughter of “Edmundo comite Marchiæ et Philippa consorte sua”, adding that she was born “apud Uske XII Feb 1371”, married “domino Henrico Percy, filio domini Henrici comitis Northumbriæ”[1104]. Henry & his wife had two children:

a) HENRY (1393-1455). He succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Northumberland, Constable of England.

- see below.

b) ELIZABETH (-26 Oct 1437). m firstly ([1403/12]) JOHN de Clifford Lord Clifford, son of THOMAS de Clifford Lord Clifford & his wife Elizabeth de Ros ([1388]-killed in battle Meaux 13 Mar 1422). m secondly (contract 7 May 1426, dispensation after marriage 28 Nov 1426) as his first wife, RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland, son of JOHN Neville Lord Neville & his wife Elizabeth de Holand (1406-1484).

2. THOMAS Percy (-in Spain [1388]). The Liber Vitæ of Durham names "Henricus Percy, Comes Northumbriæ Henricus, Thomas, Radulphus filii eius…"[1105]. m ([1376/77]) as her first husband, ELIZABETH of Atholl, daughter and heiress of DAVID of Strathbogie Earl of Atholl & his wife Elizabeth Ferrers of Groby (-after 1415). Thomas & his wife had one child:

a) HENRY Percy of Atholl (-1432). m ELIZABETH, daughter of --- (-[1440/41]). Henry & his wife had two children:

i) ELIZABETH (-1455). m firstly THOMAS Burgh, son of ---. m secondly WILLIAM Lucy, son of ---.

ii) MARGARET (-Sep 1464). m firstly (before 5 May 1434) HENRY Grey Lord Grey of Codnor, son of RICHARD Grey Lord Grey & his wife Elizabeth Basset ([1405]-17 Jul 1444). m secondly RICHARD de Vere, son of JOHN Earl of Oxford & his wife Elizabeth Howard.

3. RALPH Percy (-15 Sep 1397). The Liber Vitæ of Durham names "Henricus Percy, Comes Northumbriæ Henricus, Thomas, Radulphus filii eius…"[1106]. m (before 20 Mar 1377, annulled) as her first husband, PHILIPPA of Atholl, daughter of DAVID of Strathbogie Earl of Atholl & his wife Elizabeth Ferrers of Groby (1362-2 Nov 1395)

HENRY Percy, son of HENRY Percy "Hotspur" Lord Percy & his wife Elizabeth Mortimer (1393-killed in battle St Albans 22 May 1455). He succeeded his grandfather in 1408 as Earl of Northumberland.

m (after Oct 1414) as her second husband, ELEANOR Neville, widow of RICHARD Le Despencer Lord Burghersh, daughter of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his second wife Joan Beaufort (-1472). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johannam minorissam, Ricardum, Katherinam ducissam Norfolchie, Henricum mortuum, Thomam dominum de Seymour, Cuthbertum mortuum, Alienoram uxorem comitis Northumbrie, Robertum episcopum Dunelmie, Willelmum dominum de Fauconberge, Annam comitssam Staffordie, Johannem mortuum, Georgium dominum de Latymer, Ceciliam ducissam Eboraci, Edwardum dominum de Bergeny" as the children of "Radulphus dominus de Neuill et comes Westmorlandie" and his wife "Johanna filia Johannis ducis Lancastrie uxor secunda"[1107]. A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Joan, wife firstly of Ferrers Baron of Ousley, and secondly of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland" as daughter of "John Duke of Lancaster" and mother (by her second husband) of "…Eleanor Countess of Northumberland…"[1108].

Henry & his wife had twelve children:

1. HENRY (-young).

2. JOHN (1418-young).

3. JOHN (-young).

4. JOAN . Nun.

5. HENRY (25 Jul 1421-killed in battle Towton 29 Mar 1461, bur [York St Denis]). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Henry Earl of Northumberland" as son of "Eleanor Countess of Northumberland"[1109]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Northumberland. m (25 Jun 1435 or before) ELEANOR de Poynings, daughter of RICHARD de Poynings & his second wife Eleanor de Arundel née Berkeley ([1422]-Feb 1484). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "dau and heir of the Lord Poynings" as wife of "Henry Earl of Northumberland"[1110]. She succeeded her paternal grandfather in 1446 as Baroness Poynings suo iure. The will of "Eleanor Countess of Arundel and Lady Maltravers", dated 20 Jul 1455, proved 23 Aug 1455, bequeathed property to “William Earl of Arundel my son...Joane Countess of Arundel...Lady Eleanor Percy my daughter...a bason of silver with the arms of the Lord Poynings and of John Berkley Knight my father...Lady Dudley my sister...Lady Margaret the wife of Lord Hungerford...Robert Hungerford Knight, Lord Molins, now a prisoner in France...Morice Berkley Knight my brother...Ann wife of the said Maurice...Edward Berkley another of the sons of my said brother Maurice...William Gurney and Agnes his wife”[1111]. Henry & his wife had five children:

a) HENRY ([1449]-murdered Cock Lodge, near Topcliffe, Yorkshire 28 Apr 1489, bur Beverley Minster). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Henry Earl of Northumberland that wedded the sister of the Earl of Huntingdon" as son of "Henry Earl of Northumberland"[1112]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Northumberland. m ([1476]) MATILDA Herbert, daughter of WILLIAM Herbert Earl of Pembroke & his wife Anne Devereux (-before 27 Jul 1485, bur Beverley Minster). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Henry Earl of Northumberland that wedded the sister of the Earl of Huntingdon" as son of "Henry Earl of Northumberland"[1113]. Henry & his wife had eight children:

i) HENRY ALGERNON (14 Jan 1478-19 May 1527, bur Beverley). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Henry now Earl of Northumberland" as son of "Henry Earl of Northumberland"[1114]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Northumberland. m (before 1502) CATHERINE Spencer, daughter of ROBERT Spencer of & his wife Eleanor Beaufort (1477-bur 19 Oct 1542, Beverley). Their descendants were the later EARLS of NORTHUMBERLAND.

ii) WILLIAM (-before 19 Sep 1540). m (before 1516) as her second husband, AGNES Constable, widow of HENRY Ugtred, daughter of MARMADUKE Constable & his wife ---.

iii) ALAN (-1560). Priest.

iv) JOSCELINE (-1532). He left descendants.

v) ELEANOR (-13 Feb 1528, bur London, Greyfriars). m (contract 14 Dec 1490) EDWARD Stafford Duke of Buckingham, son of HENRY Stafford Duke of Buckingham & his wife Katherine Wydeville (Brecknock Castle 3 Feb 1478-executed Tower Hill 17 May 1521, bur London, Austin Friars).

vi) MATILDA (-after 1520). m RALPH Rither, son of --- (-1520).

vii) ANNE (1485-1552). m (15 Feb 1511) as his second wife, WILLIAM FitzAlan, son of THOMAS FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Margaret Wydeville ([1475/76]-23 Jan 1544, bur Arundel).

viii) ELIZABETH (-young).

b) RALPH .

c) ELEANOR .

d) MARGARET . m WILLIAM Gascoigne, son of ---.

e) ELIZABETH (-after 20 May 1512, bur Wensley, Yorkshire). m HENRY Le Scrope, son of JOHN Le Scrope Lord Scrope of Bolton & his first wife Joan FitzHugh ([1468]-1506, bur Wensley, Yorkshire). He succeeded his father in 1498 as Lord Scrope of Bolton.

6. THOMAS (Leckonfield, Yorkshire 29 Nov 1422-killed in battle Northampton 10 Jul 1460). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Lord Egremont" as son of "Eleanor Countess of Northumberland"[1115]. He was created Baron of Egremont in 1449. m ---. The name of Thomas’s wife is not known. Thomas & his wife had one child:

a) JOHN ([1459]-before 21 Mar 1497). He succeeded his father in 1460 as Lord Egremont.

7. KATHERINE (Leckonfield, Yorkshire 28 May 1423-). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katherine Countess of Kent" as daughter of "Eleanor Countess of Northumberland", and mother of "Earl of Kent and Lady Grey of Wilton"[1116]. m (before Jan 1459) EDMUND Grey Lord Grey of Ruthin, son of JOHN Grey & his wife Constance Holand of the Dukes of Exeter (-22 May 1490). He was created Earl of Kent in 1465.

8. GEORGE (1424-). Canon at Beverley.

9. RALPH (1425-killed in battle Hedgeley Moor 1460). m as her first husband, ELEANOR Acton, daughter of LAWRENCE Acton & his wife ---. Ancestors of a PERCY family, extinct in the male line in 1611.

10. RICHARD ([1426/27]-killed in battle Towton 1461). m (1453) as her second husband, KATHERINE Neville, widow of WILLIAM Fairfax, daughter of HUMPHREY [or ALEXANDER] Neville of Thornton Bridge & his wife ---.

11. WILLIAM (1428-1462). Bishop of Carlisle. Chancellor of England.

12. ANNE (after 1428-1522). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Katherine 1st wedded to Thomas Hungerford, after to Laurence Raigford" as daughter of "Eleanor Countess of Northumberland", and mother of "Dau. and heir of --- Hungerford wedded to the Lord Hastings"[1117]. m firstly (1460) THOMAS Hungerford, son of ROBERT Hungerford Lord Hungerford & his wife Eleanor de Moleyns (1442-executed early 1469). m secondly ([1473]) LAURENCE Rainsford, son of --- (-1490). m thirdly ([1483]) HUGH Vaughan, son of ---.

Chapter 9. OXFORD

According to the Complete Peerage, Aubrey de Vere probably derived his name from Ver in the Cotentin, Normandy and had connections with the neighbouring duchy of Brittany[1118]. His grandson Aubrey de Vere was created Earl of Oxford by Empress Matilda in [1142], but this was a second choice of county as the empress's original charter records that she intended to create him Earl of Cambridgeshire "unless that county were held by the King of the Scots"[1119]. Oxford was a surprising choice of earldom for the de Vere family, whose English landholdings were mainly in Essex, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire and which is not recorded in the Complete Peerage as having any prior connection with the county[1120]. The Vere family continued to hold the earldom of Oxford until 1703.

A. EARLS of OXFORD 1142-1526 (VERE)

AUBREY de Vere, son of --- ([before 1040]-Colne Priory, Essex [1112], bur Colne Priory). ["Alberico de Ver" attested a charter of Conan II Duke of Brittany[1121] (who ruled in his own name from 1057 to 1066). One passage in the Complete Peerage highlights the absence of proof that this was the same person as Aubrey who later held lands in England[1122]. If it was the same person, his career would have been a long one from [1057/66] to [1112], which suggests that they may have been different persons.] William I King of England granted him estates, particularly in north Essex, south Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. He attested a royal charter as Chamberlain [camerarius] in 1084. [Domesday Book records “the land which belonged to Earl Aubrey”, including Compton, Durrington, Winterslow, in Wiltshire, Iffley and Minster in Oxfordshire[1123]. It is not certain that these entries apply to Aubrey de Vere who has not been identified with the comital title in other sources. In addition, the unusual heading to the section "the land which belonged to…" suggests that it may have been confiscated or relinquished before the date of Domesday.] Domesday Book records “Aubrey de Vere” holding numerous properties in Essex[1124]. He acted as Sheriff of Berkshire in [1106][1125]. The Chronicle of Abingdon records a donation by "dapiferi Albrici…et uxore eius Beatrice", with the consent of "eorum filiis…Albricus, Rogerus, Rotbertus, Wuillelmus"[1126].

m (before 1086) BEATRICE, daughter of ---. “Godefridus de Ver, Albrici senioris filius, Albrici junioris frater” donated property to Colne priory by undated charter, which names “matre sua Beatrice”[1127].

Aubrey de Vere & his wife had [six] children:

1. GEOFFREY (-before 1112). “Godefridus de Ver, Albrici senioris filius, Albrici junioris frater” donated property to Colne priory by undated charter, which names “matre sua Beatrice”[1128].

2. AUBREY [II] ([before 1090]-London 15 May 1141[1129], bur Colne Priory, Essex). The Chronicle of Abingdon records a donation by "dapiferi Albrici…et uxore eius Beatrice", with the consent of "eorum filiis…Albricus, Rogerus, Rotbertus, Wuillelmus"[1130]. Sheriff of London and Middlesex [1121/22]. Chamberlain of England, and may have been Chief Justiciar of England from [1139]. “Albericus de Veer regis camerarius” donated property to Colne priory by undated charter, witnessed by “Rogero de Veer et Roberto de Veer fratribus meis…”[1131]. He was killed in a riot in London[1132]. m ADELISA de Clare, daughter of GILBERT FitzRichard Lord of Clare and Tonbridge & his wife Adelisa de Clermont ([1090/95]-1163). Leland quotes a Vere manuscript which names "Albericus de Ver pater meus…Adeliza filia Gilberti de Clare" and "Adeliza de Estsexa, filia Alberici Ver et Adelizæ"[1133]. This appears to be the same document quoted (in English translation) by Round: a treatise on the Miracles of St. Osyth, written by [her son] William de Vere Bishop of Hereford (see below), records that “Alice wife of Aubrey de Vere, my mother…a daughter of Gilbert de Clare…lived a widow 22 years after her husband’s death”[1134]. Her birth date range is estimated from the birth of her first known son in [1110]. She became a nun at the Priory of St Osyth. Aubrey de Vere & his wife had nine children:

a) ADELISA de Vere ([1105]-after 1185). Leland quotes a Vere manuscript which names "Albericus de Ver pater meus…Adeliza filia Gilberti de Clare" and "Adeliza de Estsexa, filia Alberici Ver et Adelizæ" who married "Rogerus filius Richardi, nepos comitis Hugonis Bigot"[1135]. This appears to be the same document quoted (in English translation) by Round: a treatise on the Miracles of St. Osyth, written by [her brother] William de Vere Bishop of Hereford (see below), records “Alice of Essex daughter of Aubrey (de Ver) and Alice”, which also records (in Latin) that “Rogerus filius Ricardi, nepos comitis Hugonis Bigot” married “Adelizam filiam Adelizæ”[1136]. Adelisa’s first marriage is confirmed by the “MS. Register of Walden Abbey known by the name of ¿Pentelowe’” which, in a chapter “De Alicia de Essexia”, records “domino quidem suo primo marito Roberto scilicet de Essexia…”[1137]. “Roesia comitissa” [Adelisa’s sister] donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “patris mei Alberici et Gaufridi domini mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “…Willielmo de Veer, Adelisa de Veer, Adelisa de Essexa”[1138]. William [de Mandeville] Earl of Essex gave “to Adilicia of Essex, his mother’s sister, in fre dower, the towne of Aincho, over and above those lands that were given her in dower by Roger Fitz Richard, her lord”, undated, witnessed by “Roesia Comitissa…Simon de Beauchamp (his half brother), Geoffrey de Say (his cousin), Geoffrey and William de Vere…”[1139]: Round dates this charter to “previous to Sep 1152”[1140]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Arenho” held by “Alicia de Essex…lx annorum…amita comitis Willelmi et soror comitis Albrici”, adding that she had “ii filios milites et i filiam maritatam Johanni Constabulario Cestrie”[1141]. The same source, in another passage, records that “Alicia de Essex…est iiii.xx annorum” (presumably indicating "4 x 20 years" i.e. 80, which appears to be a more accurate assessment than the statement in the earlier passage that she was 60 years old, given the general chronology of these families) and held “Clavering sicut dotem suam, de feodo Henrici de Essex”, adding that she had “ii filios milites" and land "in comitatu Norhamton…de feodo comitis Willelmi"[1142]. m firstly ROBERT de Essex, son of [ROBERT FitzSwein & his wife Gunnor Bigod] (-[1132/40]). [1143]m secondly ROGER FitzRichard Lord of Warkworth, son of RICHARD & his wife --- (-before 1185).

b) ROHESE de Vere ([1105/10]-after 1166, bur Chicksand Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Galfridus de Mandavilla…fundator noster” married “Rosam sororem Albredi de Oxenford”[1144]. As her son by her first marriage, Arnulf de Mandeville, received a grant of property in [1141/42] (placing his birth to [1120/25]), it is likely that Rohese was one of her parents’ older children. “G de Magnavilla et Roeisa uxor eius” donated property to Hurley Priory, Berkshire by undated charter[1145]. “Roesia comitissa” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “patris mei Alberici et Gaufridi domini mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “…Willielmo de Veer, Adelisa de Veer, Adelisa de Essexa”[1146]. “Paganum et comitissam Roheis…sponsa mea” donated property to Thorney Monastery, by undated charter witnessed by “…Ivo Taillebois…”[1147]. “Roesia comitissa” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “patris mei Alberici et Gaufridi domini mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “…Willielmo de Veer, Adelisa de Veer, Adelisa de Essexa”[1148]: Round dates this charter to “previous to Sep 1152”[1149]. m firstly GEOFFREY de Mandeville, son of WILLIAM de Mandeville & his wife [Margaret de Rie] (-Mildenhall, Suffolk 14 or 16 Sep 1144, bur 1163 New Temple Church). He was created Earl of Essex in 1140 and 1141. m secondly PAYN de Beauchamp Lord of Bedford, son of ROBERT de Beauchamp & his wife --- (-1156).

c) AUBREY [III] ([1110]-26 Dec 1194, bur Colne Priory). The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium records that he succeeded his wife's grandfather as Comte de Guines in 1139 but appointed "Arnoldum de Hammis Comestorum appellatum filium Roberti" as his bailly in Guines[1150]. He confirmed grants in England as "Count Aubrey" from [1140/41][1151]. Empress Matilda installed him as Master Chamberlain of England and created him Earl of Oxford in [1142]. The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium records the separation of "Albertus Aper et Beatrix"[1152], after which he ceased to be Comte de Guines. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death of "Albericus de Ver" at the end of the text which records events in 1194[1153]. m firstly (1139, divorced before May 1146) as her first husband, BEATRICE de Bourbourg, daughter of HENRI Châtelain of Bourbourg & his first wife Sibylle [Rose] de Guines (after 1120-[1146], bur Abbey of La Capelle). The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium names "Beatricem" as the only daughter of "castellano Broburgensi Henrico" & his wife Sibylle/Rose, and her marriage in England to "Alberto Apro"[1154]. She married secondly (1146) as his third wife, Baudouin Seigneur d'Ardres. The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium records that "pater meus [Balduinus]" married "Broburgensis castellani nobilis Henrici et Rose Ghisnensis comitis Manassis filie, filia Beatrice...Ghisnensis comitatus herede"[1155]. m secondly ([1146/52]) EUPHEME de Cauntelo, daughter of WILLIAM [I] de Cauntelo & his wife --- (-[1153/54], bur Colne Priory). “Eufemia comitissa” donated property to Colne priory, with the consent of “comitis Alberici mariti mei”, by charter dated to the reign of King Stephen, witnessed by “comite Alberico, Gilberto de Veer…”[1156]. m thirdly ([1162/63]) AGNES de Essex, daughter of HENRY de Essex, Lord of Rayleigh and Haughley & his wife Cicely --- ([1151/52]-after 1206[1157], bur Colne Priory). Earl Aubrey tried to repudiate his third wife within a year but in [1171/72] Alexander III King of Scotland directed the Bishop of London to order Earl Aubrey to take her back[1158]. Earl Aubrey & his third wife had five children:

i) AUBREY ([1163 or later][1159]-1214 before Oct, bur Colne Priory). He succeeded his father in 1194 as Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], names "Abricus de Ver" among those granted delay in payment "per brevis" in Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire[1160]. Matthew Paris names “Willelmus...frater regis et comes Sareberiensis, Albericus de Ver comes Oxoniensis, G[aufridus] filius Petri Angliæ justiciarius...” among the "consiliarios iniquissimos” of King John[1161]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1214 of "Albericus de Ver comes Oxoniensis"[1162]. m firstly ISABEL de Bolebec, daughter and heiress of WALTER de Bolebec of Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire & his wife --- (-[1206/07]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m secondly ALICE, daughter of --- (-after 1214). According to the Complete Peerage, the second wife of Aubrey was “apparently” Alice Bigod, daughter of Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk & his wife Ida ---, but it cites no primary source on which this is based, suggesting that “it may be derived from the Book of Colne Priory” without further explanation[1163]. Earl Aubrey had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

(a) ROGER de Vere (-Damietta 1221). The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1221 of "Rogerus de Ver, nepos eius [Robert di Ver comitis Oxoniensis], filius nothus Alberici comitis apud Damiatam"[1164].

ii) RALPH (-[before 1214]). He witnessed three charters for Colne Priory with his brother Robert, in each case his name preceding that of Robert presumably indicating that he was older than his brother[1165]. If this is correct, he must have predeceased his brother Aubrey.

iii) ROBERT (-before 25 Oct 1221, bur Hatfield Priory). He succeeded his brother in 1214 as Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1221 of "Robertus de Ver comes Oxoniensis"[1166]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comes Robertus de Wer” died in 1222[1167]. m ([1206/12]) as her second husband, ISABEL de Bolebec, widow of HENRY de Nonant, daughter of HUGH de Bolebec of Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire & his wife --- (-3 Feb 1245, bur Oxford, Church of the Preaching Friars). Her two marriages are confirmed by the Testa de Nevill which record inquisitions in Devon dated to 1212 which found that "manerium de Cliston" was in the king’s hands because of the debts of "Henrici de Nunant” who owed “Judeis", noting that “quod manerium Robertus de Ver tenet de dote cum Isabella uxore sua que fuit uxor predicti Henrici” and that Henry I had granted the manor to “Rogero de Nunant antecessori suo”[1168]. Henry III King of England granted custody of "terre et heredis ipsius Roberti et filii ipsius Ysabelle" to "Ysabelle de Bolebec que fuit uxor R. de Ver quondam comitis Oxonie" dated [Nov] 1221[1169]. This was renewed by a further order dated 20 Oct 1222 under which King Henry III granted custody of "Hugonis filii et heredis Roberti de Ver, quondam comitis Oxonie" to "Ysabelle de Bolebec comitisse Oxonie" dated 19 Jun 1222[1170]. The primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has not been identified. Robert & his wife had two children:

(a) HUGH ([1210]-1263). Henry III King of England granted custody of "Hugonis filii et heredis Roberti de Ver, quondam comitis Oxonie" to "Ysabelle de Bolebec comitisse Oxonie" dated 20 Oct 1222[1171]. He succeeded his father in 1221 as Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain.

- see below.

(b) ELEANOR . Farrer notes her parentage and marriage without citing the source on which the information is based[1172]. m as his first wife, RALPH Gernon, son of WILLIAM Gernon & his wife --- (-1274).

iv) HENRY (-[1214/22]). He attested two of his father's charters[1173]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records that "…Henricus de Ver…" was granted delay in payment "per brevia" in Kent and in Essex, Hertfordshire[1174].

v) ALICE (-after [23 May?] 1214). Her marriage and family origin are confirmed by a charter dated to [10 Aug 1197/8 Mar 1198] which records the confirmation by "Geoffrey de Say, son of Geoffrey, son of William de Say" of a grant of "the manor of Rikeling" made by "his said father to Geoffrey de Say, his own younger brother, whom his father had by Alice de Ver" on the petition of "William de Say his eldest brother"[1175]. King John ordered the sheriff of Middlesex to grant “manierum de Edelmeston” to “Alicie de Ver q fuit ux Galfri de Say”, dated [23 May?] 1214[1176]. m as his second wife, GEOFFREY de Say, son of WILLIAM de Say & his wife Beatrix de Mandeville of the Earls of Essex ([1135 or before]-[1212/May 1214]).

d) GEOFFREY (-1170). “Robertus de Ver constabularius regis Angliæ et Adeluda filia Hugonis de Monteforte uxor mea” donated property to Monks Horton by charter dated to [1140/44] witnessed by “Gaufrido de Ver et Roberto fratre suo...”[1177]. The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Gaufr. de Ver." in Kent ("Cantebr’scr.")[1178]. “Hugo de Montecanisio…et Stephanus filius et hæres meus” donated "ecclesiam de Edwardeston", previously donated by "pater meus Hubertus" to Abingdon, to Colne Priory, Essex by undated charter, witnessed by "comes Albricus [which dates the document to after 1142], Willielmus de Veer, Rogerus de Montecanis…Rogerus de Bellocampo, Gaufridus de Veer, novissime superveniens, Johannes Brito"[1179]. Lord of Clun and Oswestry, Shropshire. Sheriff of Shropshire 1167 to 1170[1180]. m firstly ([1158/60]) as her second husband, ---, widow of WARIN FitzGerold, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her two marriages has not been identified. m secondly ([1160/66]) as her second husband, ISABEL de Say, widow of WILLIAM FitzAlan, daughter of ELIAS de Say Lord of Clun, Shropshire & his wife --- ([1135/40?]-[1199][1181]). Follow her hyperlink for documents which confirm her three marriages. She married thirdly ([1171]) as his first wife, William Boterel [II] of Cornwall. “Willielmus de Boterell” confirmed the donation, for the soul of “Willielmi filii mei”, by “domina Isabella de Say uxor mea” of the church of St George, Clun to Wenlock Priory, by undated charter witnessed by “Brientio de Say…Hugone Peverell…”[1182].

e) ROBERT (-after 1176). “Robertus de Ver constabularius regis Angliæ et Adeluda filia Hugonis de Monteforte uxor mea” donated property to Monks Horton by charter dated to [1140/44] witnessed by “Gaufrido de Ver et Roberto fratre suo...”[1183]. He inherited his father's fief in Northampton[1184]. m firstly --- (-[1169]). The 1169/70 Pipe Roll records "Robt de Ver" owing ".x. m ut dic p recta particioe heditatis uxoris sue" in Somerset[1185]. m secondly (after 1176) his first cousin, MARGARET de Clare, daughter of BALDWIN FitzGilbert [Clare] Lord of Bourne & his wife Adelina de Rollos . Robert & his first wife had two children:

i) HENRY . Ralph de Diceto’s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1186 that “Margarita soror regis Francorum” married “Bela regi Hungariæ”[1186]. Ancestor of the VERE family of Drayton[1187].

ii) WILLIAM . Ancestor of the VERE family of Great Addington[1188].

f) WILLIAM (-24 Dec 1198). “Roesia comitissa” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “patris mei Alberici et Gaufridi domini mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “…Willielmo de Veer, Adelisa de Veer, Adelisa de Essexa”[1189]. “Hugo de Montecanisio…et Stephanus filius et hæres meus” donated "ecclesiam de Edwardeston", previously donated by "pater meus Hubertus" to Abingdon, to Colne Priory, Essex by undated charter, witnessed by "comes Albricus [which dates the document to after 1142], Willielmus de Veer, Rogerus de Montecanis…Rogerus de Bellocampo, Gaufridus de Veer, novissime superveniens, Johannes Brito"[1190]. Priest. Bishop of Hereford 1186. Ralph de Diceto’s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1186 that “Willelmus de Ver” was consecrated as “Herefordensis episcopus”[1191].

g) GILBERT . "…Gilleberto de Ver…" subscribed the charter dated to [1179] under which Henry II King of England confirmed a donation by "Robertus de Fay" to "comiti Willelmo de Maundevilla"[1192]. Maybe prior of the English chapter of the Knights Hospitallers[1193].

h) JULIANE ([1110/22]-after 1185). The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Duvercurt” held by “comitissa Juliana…soror comitis Albrici”[1194]. “Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ” donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of “Hugone Bigot fratris mei et comitissæ Julianæ matris meæ et Idæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Hugone Bigot filio meo…”[1195]. The Complete Peerage says that “for the souls of her father and mother and of her husbands Hugh Bigoth and Walkelin Maminot she granted Begham Abbey land in Brockley” but does not quote the original[1196]. According to the Complete Peerage, she was still living in 1185, citing a grant by “Juliana comitissa” at Dovercourt to Colne Priory, witnessed by “Alberico comite et Alberico filius eius”, adding “which being notified to Gilbert Bishop of London was not later than 1189”[1197]. m firstly (annulled) as his first wife, HUGH Bigod, son of ROGER Bigod of Earsham, Suffolk & his [second] wife Adelise de Tosny ([1095]-before 9 Mar 1177). King Stephen created him Earl of Norfolk in [Dec 1140/Jan 1141]. m secondly WALKELIN Maminot, son of [HUGH Maminot] & his wife [Emma ---] (-[1155/57]).

i) [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the charter dated 1142 under which Empress Matilda confirmed grants to "Albericus de Veer" and the rights "de cremento Diham [Dedham, Essex] que fuit Rogeri de Ramis rectum nepotum ipsius comitis Alberici…filiorum Rogeri de Ramis"[1198]. Her suggested parentage assumes that “nepotum” in this charter should be interpreted as “nephews”. Her marriage date is suggested from the couple probably having four children before her husband died. m ([1124?]) ROGER [II] de Rames, son of WILLIAM [I] de Rames & his wife --- ([1100/05?]-[1129/30]).]

3. ROGER . The Chronicle of Abingdon records a donation by "dapiferi Albrici…et uxore eius Beatrice", with the consent of "eorum filiis…Albricus, Rogerus, Rotbertus, Wuillelmus"[1199]. “Albericus de Veer regis camerarius” donated property to Colne priory by undated charter, witnessed by “Rogero de Veer et Roberto de Veer fratribus meis…”[1200].

4. ROBERT (-after 1141). The Chronicle of Abingdon records a donation by "dapiferi Albrici…et uxore eius Beatrice", with the consent of "eorum filiis…Albricus, Rogerus, Rotbertus, Wuillelmus"[1201]. “Albericus de Veer regis camerarius” donated property to Colne priory by undated charter, witnessed by “Rogero de Veer et Roberto de Veer fratribus meis…”[1202]. He succeeded his father in Twywell, Northamptonshire[1203]

5. WILLIAM (-bur Colne Priory[1204]). The Chronicle of Abingdon records a donation by "dapiferi Albrici…et uxore eius Beatrice", with the consent of "eorum filiis…Albricus, Rogerus, Rotbertus, Wuillelmus"[1205]. He was a priest before his father's death[1206].

6. [daughter . The Complete Peerage suggests that the mother of Richard de Camville must have been the daughter of Aubrey de Vere: his daughter held "Heldrinham" in 1185, which was held by Aubrey de Vere in 1086[1207]. m --- de Camville, son of ---.]

HUGH de Vere, son of ROBERT de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Isabel de Bolebec ([1210]-before 23 Dec 1263, bur Earl's Colne). Henry III King of England granted custody of "Hugonis filii et heredis Roberti de Ver, quondam comitis Oxonie" to "Ysabelle de Bolebec comitisse Oxonie" dated 20 Oct 1222[1208]. He succeeded his father in 1221 as Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain, although he lost the latter office at some point[1209]. “Hugo de Ver comes Oxonie” donated property “in uilla de Takeleya” to Colchester St John, for the souls of “mee et uxoris mee comitisse Hawisie”, by undated charter[1210]. An undated writ "48 Hen III", after the death of "Hugh de Ver earl of Oxford", names "Robert his son age variously stated as 22 and more, 23 and 23 ½, is his heir"[1211].

m (after 11 Feb 1223) HAWISE de Quincy, daughter of SAHER de Quincy Earl of Winchester & his wife Margaret of Leicester ([1200/12][1212]-3 Feb after 1263, bur Earl's Colne). "Margaret countess of Winchester" made a fine for the marriage of "Hawise her daughter…to Hugh, son and heir of R. de Vere, formerly earl of Oxford", dated [Feb] 1223[1213]. The Pipe Roll 1223 records “Margareta comitissa Wint” owing “ut Hawisia filia sua maritetur Hugoni f. et heredi R. de Veer comitis Oxon” in Essex/Hertfordshire[1214]. “Hugo de Ver comes Oxonie” donated property “in uilla de Takeleya” to Colchester St John, for the souls of “mee et uxoris mee comitisse Hawisie”, by undated charter[1215].

Earl Hugh & his wife had four children:

1. ISABEL ([before 1235][1216]-11 Aug 1299 or after, bur Exeter Dominican Church). The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey records that “dominum Johannem de Courtenay” married “Isabellam filiam domini Johannis de Veere comitis Oxoniæ”, that she married “Olivero de Dineham” after the death of her first husband, died “III Id Aug” and was buried “apud Fratres Prædicatores Exoniæ”[1217]. m firstly JOHN de Courtenay Lord of Okehampton, son of ROBERT de Courtenay & his wife Mary de Vernon of the Earls of Devon (-3 May [1273/74], bur Forde Abbey, Devon). m secondly OLIVIER de Dineham, son of ---.

2. ROBERT ([1240/41]-before 7 Sep 1296, bur Earl's Colne). An undated writ "48 Hen III", after the death of "Hugh de Ver earl of Oxford", names "Robert his son age variously stated as 22 and more, 23 and 23 ½, is his heir"[1218]. He succeeded his father in 1263 as Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain. m ALICE de Sanford, daughter and heiress of GILBERT de Sanford & his wife Lora la Zouche (-Canfield [7 Sep] 1312, bur Earl's Colne). Inquisitions following a writ dated 9 Sep "6 Edw II" following the death of "Alice de Veer alias de Ver late countess of Oxford” name “Robert de Veer earl of Oxford her son aged 45 is her next heir”[1219]. A manuscript calendar records the death “VII Id Sep” in 1317 of “Alicia de Ver Comitissa Oxo”[1220]. The year is an error in light of the Inquisition date, which is suspiciously close to the supposed date of death which may therefore be inaccurate as well. Robert & his wife had eight children:

a) ROBERT ([24 Jun 1257]-17 Apr 1331, bur Earls Colne). He succeeded his father in 1296 as Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain. Inquisitions following a writ dated 9 Sep "6 Edw II" following the death of "Alice de Veer alias de Ver late countess of Oxford” name “Robert de Veer earl of Oxford her son aged 45 is her next heir”[1221]. m MARGARET de Mortimer, daughter of ROGER [IV] de Mortimer & his wife Matilda de Briouse (-[Sep 1296/97], bur Ipswich, Grey Friars). Earl Robert & his wife had one child:

i) THOMAS ([1280/84]-[1328/12 May 1329]). m firstly (contract [Nov] 1304) PERRONELLE Marshal, daughter of JOHN Marshal & his wife Hawise ---. m secondly (before 17 Jun 1315) as her second husband, AGNES de Ros, widow of PAYN Tibetot, daughter of WILLIAM de Ros of Hamlake & his wife Matilda de Vaux (-before 1 Dec 1328).

b) HUGH ([Jun 1258/Mar1259]-after 22 May 1319). He was summoned to parliament 6 Feb 1298, whereby he is held to have become Lord Vere. m (after 12 Jun 1294) as her second husband, DENISE de Munchensy, widow of JOHN de Hull of Hill Croome, Worcestershire, daughter and heiress of WILLIAM de Munchensy & his wife Amy --- (before 22 Jul 1283-before 13 Apr 1314).

c) ALFONSO (-1328). m [1222][JOAN, daughter of RICHARD Foliot & his wife ---]. Alfonso & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN ([12 Mar 1312]-Reims 12/24 Jan 1360, bur Colne Priory). He succeeded his uncle in 1331 as Earl of Oxford.

- see below.

d) GILBERT ([1264]-before 25 Sep 1289). Pope Nicholas IV transferred to “Philip son of Robert de Vere earl of Oxford of the rectory of Awelton...held by his late brother Gilbert who was thought to be alive at the date of the Pope’s provision to him”, dated 25 Sep 1289[1223].

e) JOAN (-23 Nov 1293 or before, bur Lewes Priory). Inquisitions following a writ dated 15 Dec "15 Edw I" following the death of "William de Warenna...he died on Sunday before St Lucy in the said year...Sunday after St Lucy” name “Joan his wife...Robert de Veer earl of Oxford father of the said Joan...John his son born at the feast of the Nativity of St John the Baptist 14 Edw I is his next heir...aged 38 weeks on Tuesday before St Gregory in the said year”[1224]. m ([Jun 1285]) WILLIAM de Warenne, son of JOHN de Warenne Earl of Surrey & his wife Alix de Lusignan (1256-murdered Croydon 15 Dec 1286).

f) PHILIP ([1265/66]-after 25 Sep 1289). Rector of Awelton: Pope Nicholas IV transferred to “Philip son of Robert de Vere earl of Oxford of the rectory of Awelton...held by his late brother Gilbert who was thought to be alive at the date of the Pope’s provision to him”, adding in another document that Philip was “now twenty three years of age”, dated 25 Sep 1289[1225].

g) JOHN .

h) HAWISE (-after 1297).

3. LAURA (-1292, bur Norwich Church of the White Friars). m REYNOLD d’Argentine of Melbourn, Cambridgeshire, son of GILES d’Argentine & his wife Margery Aiguillon ([1240]-before 3 Mar 1308).

4. MARGARET . m HUGH de Cressi, son of ---.

JOHN de Vere, son of ALFONSO de Vere & his wife [Joan Foliot] ([12 Mar 1312]-Reims 12/24 Jan 1360, bur Colne Priory). He succeeded his uncle in 1331 as Earl of Oxford. He was restored as Hereditary Master Chamberlain of England. The will of "John de Vere Earl of Oxford", dated 2 Nov 1358, chose burial “in the Priory of Colne...at the head of John and Robert my sons who are there buried”, bequeathed property to “Maud my wife...Maud my daughter for her marriage”[1226]. He died at the siege of Reims[1227].

m (before 27 Mar 1336) as her second husband, MATILDA de Badlesmere, widow of ROBERT FitzPayn, daughter of BARTHOLOMEW Badlesmere Lord Badlesmere & his wife Margaret de Clare of Inchiquin and Youghal ([1308/10]-Earl's Colne [24] May 1366, bur Colne Priory). The will of "John de Vere Earl of Oxford", dated 2 Nov 1358, bequeathed property to “Maud my wife...Maud my daughter for her marriage”[1228].

Earl John & his wife had seven children:

1. JOHN ([Dec 1335]-before 23 Jun 1350, bur Colne Priory). The will of "John de Vere Earl of Oxford", dated 2 Nov 1358, chose burial “in the Priory of Colne...at the head of John and Robert my sons who are there buried”[1229]. m ([Jul] 1341) as her first husband, ELIZABETH de Courtenay, daughter of HUGH de Courtenay Earl of Devon & his wife Margaret de Bohun (-1395). She married secondly ([Jul 1359]) Andrew Luterel of Chaton, Devon.

2. THOMAS ([1336/37]-Great Bentley, Essex [12/18] Sep 1371, bur Colne Priory). He succeeded his father in 1360 as Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain. The will of "Thomas Vere Earl of Oxford and Chamberlain of England", dated 1 Aug 1371, chose burial “in the priory of Colne”, bequeathed property to “Maud my wife...Robert my son...Alberic de Vere my brother...”[1230]. m (before 10 Jun 1350) MATILDA de Ufford, daughter and heiress of RALPH de Ufford, Chief Justice of Ireland & his wife Matilda de Burgh née de Lancaster (-[Great Bentley] 25 Jan 1413, bur Bruisyard, Suffolk). The will of "Thomas Vere Earl of Oxford and Chamberlain of England", dated 1 Aug 1371, chose burial “in the priory of Colne”, bequeathed property to “Maud my wife...Robert my son...Alberic de Vere my brother...”[1231]. She took part in the 1404 conspiracy in Essex against King Henry IV and was put in the Tower, but pardoned 16 Nov 1404[1232]. The will of "Maud Countess of Oxford", dated 20 Jan 1412, chose burial “in the nuns’ church at Bruseyard”[1233]. Earl Thomas & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT (16 Jan 1362-Louvain 1392, bur Louvain, transferred Nov 1395 to Earl's Colne). The will of "Thomas Vere Earl of Oxford and Chamberlain of England", dated 1 Aug 1371, chose burial “in the priory of Colne”, bequeathed property to “Maud my wife...Robert my son...Alberic de Vere my brother...”[1234]. He succeeded his father in 1371 as Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain. He was created Marquess of Dublin for life 1 Dec 1385, and Duke of Ireland for life 13 Oct 1386. He was accused of treason after repudiating his wife, raised troops at Chester and marched to London but was trapped at Radcot Bridge 20 Dec 1387. He escaped down river, made his way to London and fled to Utrecht, then Paris and later Louvain. During his absence he was declared guilty of treason and all his honours and property were forfeited[1235]. He died from injuries received during a boar hunt[1236]. m firstly (5 Oct 1376 or before, repudiated, divorced 1387, divorce declared void 17 Oct 1389) PHILIPPA de Coucy, daughter of ENGUERRAND [VII] Seigneur de Coucy, Earl of Bedford, Vicomte de Soissons & his first wife Isabella of England (-Oct 1411). She was styled Duchess of Ireland even after her divorce[1237]. m secondly ([1387]) AGNES [Landskron], daughter of ---. Referred to in contemporary English records as "Agnes Lanchecron/Lancecrona", she was a lady in waiting to Anne of Bohemia, first wife of Richard II King of England[1238].

3. AUBREY ([1338/40]-23 Apr 1400, bur [Hadleigh]). The will of "Thomas Vere Earl of Oxford and Chamberlain of England", dated 1 Aug 1371, chose burial “in the priory of Colne”, bequeathed property to “Maud my wife...Robert my son...Alberic de Vere my brother...”[1239]. After the death of his nephew, Aubrey was restored to his entailed estates and declared Earl of Oxford [Jan/Feb] 1393, without the office of Master Chamberlain. m ALICE FitzWalter, daughter of JOHN Lord FitzWalter & his wife Eleanor Percy (-29 Apr 1401). Earl Aubrey & his wife had three children:

a) RICHARD ([1385]-15 Feb 1417, bur Earl's Colne). He succeeded his father in 1400 as Earl of Oxford.

- see below.

b) JOHN .

c) ALICE . m firstly GUY d'Albon, son of ---. m secondly JOHN FitzLewes, son of ---.

4. ROBERT (-before 2 Nov 1358, bur Colne Priory). The will of "John de Vere Earl of Oxford", dated 2 Nov 1358, chose burial “in the Priory of Colne...at the head of John and Robert my sons who are there buried”, bequeathed property to “Maud my wife...Maud my daughter for her marriage”[1240].

5. ELIZABETH (-[Aug/Sep] 1375). m firstly ([Jan/Aug] 1341) HUGH de Courtenay, son of HUGH de Courtenay Earl of Devon & his wife Margaret de Bohun (22 Mar 1327-before 2 Sep 1349, bur Forde Abbey). m secondly as his second wife, JOHN de Mowbray Lord Mowbray, son of JOHN de Mowbray Lord Mowbray & his wife Aline de Briouse (Hovingham, Yorkshire 29 Nov 1310-1361). m thirdly (before 18 Jan 1369) WILLIAM de Cosynton, son of ---.

6. MARGARET (-15 Jun 1398, bur Newgate Grey Friars). The will of "Nicholas de Lovayne Knight", dated 20 Sep 1375, chose burial “in the abbey church of Penshurst”, bequeathed property to “Margaret my wife...Nicholas my son...Margaret my daughter...John Lord Beaumont...Aubrey de Vere brother to my said wife...Edward Berkley...John Pekbrugge...Reginald de Molines my cousin...my heir male now under age...my brother John Pekbrugge...after the death of Margaret my sister...”[1241]. m firstly HENRY de Beaumont Lord Beaumont, son of JOHN Beaumont Lord Beaumont & his wife Eleanor of Lancaster (Brabant [1339/40]-17 Jun 1368, bur Sempringham, Lincolnshire). m secondly as his second wife, NICHOLAS de Lovaine of Penshurst, Kent, son of --- (-after 20 Sep 1375, bur Penshurst Abbey). He has not been connected with the “Lovaine” family, a younger branch of the ancestors of the dukes of Brabant, which is recorded until the mid-14th century (see the document BRABANT, LOUVAIN) although his name suggests a family connection. The will of "Nicholas de Lovayne Knight", dated 20 Sep 1375, chose burial “in the abbey church of Penshurst”, bequeathed property to “Margaret my wife...Nicholas my son...Margaret my daughter...John Lord Beaumont...Aubrey de Vere brother to my said wife...Edward Berkley...John Pekbrugge...Reginald de Molines my cousin...my heir male now under age...my brother John Pekbrugge...after the death of Margaret my sister...” and ordered prayers for the souls of “Dame Katherine St John and Roger her son whose inheritance I have gotten”[1242]. m thirdly JOHN Devereux, son of [WILLIAM Deverose of Bodenham, Herefordshire & his wife ---] (-22 Feb 1393, bur Newgate Grey Friars). He was summoned to Parliament in 1384 whereby he is held to have become Lord Devereux.

7. MATILDA (-after 2 Nov 1358). The will of "John de Vere Earl of Oxford", dated 2 Nov 1358, bequeathed property to “Maud my wife...Maud my daughter for her marriage”[1243].

RICHARD de Vere, son of AUBREY de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Alice FitzWalter ([1385]-15 Feb 1417, bur Earl's Colne). He succeeded his father in 1400 as Earl of Oxford. The will of "Richard de Vere Earl of Oxford", dated 6 Aug 1415, chose burial “in the conventual church of the priory of Colne in Essex”, bequeathed property to “Alice my wife”[1244].

m firstly (before 1400) ALICE [de Holand, daughter of JOHN de Holand Duke of Exeter & his wife Elizabeth of Lancaster] (-before 1406). The Commons petitioned King Henry IV, dated 1400, to restore to the office of Chamberlain of England Richard de Vere Earl of Oxford "q’ ad espose la file de v’re soere n’re tres redoute Seign’r", Nicolas stating that “it is most likely that she was the daughter of Elizabeth Plantagenet, sister of Henry IV, by her first husband John Duke of Exeter”[1245].

m secondly ([1406/07]) ALICE Sergeaux, widow of GUY de Saint-Aubin, daughter of RICHARD Sergeaux & his wife Philippa de Arundel (-18 May 1452, bur Earl's Colne). The will of "Richard de Vere Earl of Oxford", dated 6 Aug 1415, bequeathed property to “Alice my wife”[1246]. She married thirdly (before 13 Oct 1421) Nicholas Thorley (-1442).

Earl Richard & his second wife had two children:

1. JOHN (Hedingham Castle 23 Apr 1408-executed Tower Hill 26 Feb 1462, bur London, Church of the Austin Friars). He succeeded his father in 1417 as Earl of Oxford. He was arrested with his eldest son in Feb 1463, committed to the Tower, found guilty of treason and beheaded[1247]. m ([22 May/31 Aug] 1425) ELIZABETH Howard, daughter and heiress of JOHN Howard Lord Plaiz & his wife Joan Walton ([1409/10]-[Stratford Nunnery] after 25 Dec 1475, bur London, Church of the Austin Friars). She was forced to surrender her property to Richard Duke of Gloucester in 1475[1248]. Earl John & his wife had five children:

a) AUBREY (-executed 20 Feb 1462, bur London, Church of the Austin Friars). He was arrested with his father in Feb 1463, committed to the Tower, found guilty of treason and beheaded[1249]. m ([Apr 1460]) as her first husband, ANNE Stafford, daughter of HUMPHREY Stafford Duke of Buckingham & his wife Anne Neville of Westmoreland (-after 14 Apr 1472, bur Lingfield). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Anne marr. Aubrey Vere 1st husband, Thomas Cobham 2d husb" as daughter of "Anne Duchess of Buckingham", and mother (by her second husband) of "Anne wedded to Edw A’Borough"[1250]. She married secondly Thomas Cobham. The will of "Thomas Cobham of Starborough", dated 2 Apr 1471, proved 10 Jul 1471, bequeathed property to “Reginald my bastard son called Reginald Cobham...Ann Vere my...wife...my daughter Anne Cobham...Gervase Clifton uncle unto Reginald my bastard son”[1251]. The will of "Ann Vere widow", dated 12 Apr 1472, proved 2 May 1472, chose burial “in the college of Lingfield where the body of my...late husband resteth”, bequeathed property to “my brother Wiltshire...my sister Shrewsbury...my daughter Anne”[1252].

b) RICHARD . m (after 1444) as her second husband, MARGARET Percy, widow of HENRY Grey Lord Grey of Codnor, daughter of HENRY Percy of Atholl & his wife Elizabeth --- (-1464).

c) JOHN (8 Sep 1442-Hedingham Castle 10 Mar 1513, bur Colne Priory). He was allowed to succeed his father in 1463 as Earl of Oxford. He was committed to the Tower in Nov 1468 on suspicion of plotting with the Lancastrians, but pardoned 5 Apr 1469. He fled overseas in 1470, returning in Sep 1470 to restore King Henry VI. After the battle of Barnet, he fled to Scotland, then France. He was captured at St Michael's Mount, Cornwall 30 Sep 1474 and imprisoned in the château de Hammes near Calais from where he escaped in 1485 to join the future King Henry VII[1253]. m firstly MARGARET Neville, daughter of RICHARD Neville Earl of Salisbury & his wife Alice Ctss of Salisbury (-after 20 Nov 1506, bur Colne Priory). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Countess of Oxford" as daughter of "Richard Earl of Salisbury"[1254]. m secondly ([28 Nov 1508/10 Apr 1509]) as her second husband, ELIZABETH Scrope, widow of WILLIAM de Beaumont Viscount Beaumont, daughter of RICHARD Scrope & his wife Eleanor Washbourne (-26 Jun 1537, bur Wivenhoe).

d) GEORGE Vere (-after 1491). He was captured with his brothers John and Thomas at St Michael's Mount, Cornwall 30 Sep 1474 [1255]. He was attainted with his brother, reversed by King Henry VII, and was Chief Steward of St Osyth's Priory in 1491[1256]. m MARGARET Stafford, daughter and heiress of WILLIAM Stafford of Bishop's Frome, Herefordshire & his wife ---. George & his wife had five children:

i) GEORGE (-1498, bur Halstead, Essex).

ii) daughter (-before 1526). m ---.

iii) JOHN (14 Aug 1499-14 Jul 1526, bur Colne Priory). He succeeded his uncle in 1513 as Earl of Oxford. m (settlement 16 Nov 1511) ANNE Howard, daughter of THOMAS Howard Duke of Norfolk & his second wife Anne Tylney (-before 22 Feb 1559, bur Lambeth).

iv) daughter .

v) daughter . m EDMUND Knightly, son of ---.

e) THOMAS . He was captured with his brothers John and Thomas at St Michael's Mount, Cornwall 30 Sep 14741236.

f) ISABEL de Vere . [1257]Maybe m as his first wife, WILLIAM Bourchier Viscount Bourchier, son of HENRY Bourchier Earl of Essex & his wife Isabel of York (-killed in battle Barnet 14 Apr 1471).

2. ROBERT de Vere . m as her second husband, JOAN Courtenay, widow of NICHOLAS Carew, daughter of HUGH Courtenay of Goodrington, Devon & his second wife Philippa Arcedekne. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) JOHN de Vere . m ALICE Kilrington, daughter and heiress of WALTER Kilrington alias Colbroke & his wife ---. John & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN ([1482]-Colne 21 Mar 1540, bur Castle Hedingham). He succeeded his second cousin in 1526 as Earl of Oxford. m firstly ([1493/94]) CHRISTIAN Foderingey, daughter of THOMAS Foderingey of Brockley, Suffolk & his wife Elizabeth Doreward of Bocking, Essex ([1481]-before 4 Nov 1498). m secondly ([29 Apr 1507/4 Jul 1509]) ELIZABETH Trussell, daughter of EDWARD Trussell of Kibblestone, Staffordshire & his wife Margaret Dun (1496-[before Jul 1527]). Earl John & his second wife were ancestors of subsequent EARLS of OXFORD, extinct 1703.

B. OTHER VERE FAMILIES

According to Complete Peerage, it is unlikely that either of the following two families was related to each other or to the Vere family set out in Part A[1258].

1. BERNARD de Vere . m ---. The name of Bernard’s wife is not known. Bernard & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT de Vere (-after 1142). He succeeded as Lord of Haughley de iure uxoris. Royal constable and constable of Dover Castle. “Robertus de Ver filius Bernardi” founded Monks Horton by charter dated to [1140/44][1259]. “Robertus de Ver constabularius regis Angliæ et Adeluda filia Hugonis de Monteforte uxor mea” donated property to Monks Horton by charter dated to [1140/44] witnessed by “Gaufrido de Ver et Roberto fratre suo...”[1260]. m (before 1130) as her second husband, ADELISE de Montfort-sur-Risle, widow of SIMON Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche, daughter of HUGUES [III] de Montfort-sur-Risle Lord of Haughley & his wife ---. “Robertus de Ver constabularius regis Angliæ et Adeluda filia Hugonis de Monteforte uxor mea” donated property to Monks Horton by charter dated to [1140/44] witnessed by “Gaufrido de Ver et Roberto fratre suo...”[1261].

1. GUY de Vere (-after 1189). "Wid de Ver" liquidated a debt in Lincolnshire for an agreement made in the king’s court with "Adam generu suu" in 1189/90[1262]. m ---. The name of Guy’s wife is not known. Guy & his wife had one child:

a) GUNDREDA de Vere (-after 1205). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by a record in the Pipe Rolls of "Wid de Ver" liquidating a debt in Lincolnshire for an agreement made in the king’s court with "Adam generu suu" in 1189/90[1263]. Her second marriage is confirmed by a charter in the Selby cartulary[1264]. The descendants of her first marriage adopted the name Vere[1265]. m firstly ADAM de Goxhill, son of ROBERT FitzErneis de Goxhill & his wife Adeline Ingram (-1205 or before). m secondly NICHOLAS de Chavencurt, son of ---.

2. HENRY de Vere (-before 5 Sep 1204). An order of King John dated 5 Sep 1204 grants "custodia terre et heredis Henr de Veer, q Gaufr de Veer habuit" to "Petro de Stokes"[1266]. King John confirmed "custodiam…terre et heredis Henr de Ver" to "Rob fil Rogeri", as well as "maritagium eiusdem heredis", by charter dated 11 Jun 1207[1267]. m ---, daughter of --- & his wife Heldeburga ---. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "domina Heldeburga" granted "filiam suam heredem de Mutford" in Norfolk to "Henrico de Ver" and that their son was then "heres de Mutford et…in custodia Roberti filii Rogeri"[1268]. Henry & his wife had one child:

a) --- de Vere ([after 1195]-). The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "domina Heldeburga" granted "filiam suam heredem de Mutford" in Norfolk to "Henrico de Ver" and that their son was then "heres de Mutford et…in custodia Roberti filii Rogeri"[1269].

3. GEOFFREY de Vere . An order of King John dated 5 Sep 1204 grants "custodia terre et heredis Henr de Veer, q Gaufr de Veer habuit" to "Petro de Stokes"[1270].

Chapter 10. PEMBROKE

The earldom of Pembroke was first granted by King Stephen in 1138 to Gilbert de Clare. On the death of the first earl’s infant grandson Gilbert de Clare in [1185/86], the right to the earldom passed to his sister, but it was not until 1199 that her husband William Marshal was invested as Earl of Pembroke. The earldom passed, in turn, to each of his five sons who all died without issue. On the death in 1245 of the last in line, Anselm Marshal, his estates were divided between his five sisters or their issue. The earldom was left in abeyance, but after the death in 1307 of Joan de Munchensy, daughter of Earl Anselm's youngest sister Joan, her son Aymar de Valence Lord Valence (of the Lusignan family, who were by that time Comtes de la Marche et d'Angoulême) was regarded as Earl of Pembroke. It is not clear why the earldom passed to the representative of the youngest of Earl Anselm's five sisters, as all four older sisters left issue who would presumably have had a better claim. There is no reference in the Complete Peerage[1271] to there having been a re-creation of the earldom in favour of Aymar de Valence or to his assumption of the title having been challenged by any of the other possible heirs. Aymar died without issue in 1324, after which the earldom passed to his great nephew Lawrence de Hastings Lord Hastings, whose assumption of the title was approved by King Edward III 13 Oct 1339[1272], also it appears without challenge from other potential claimants with greater seniority who were descended from Aymar's older sisters.

A. EARLS of PEMBROKE 1138-[1185/86] (CLARE)

GILBERT de Clare "Strongbow", son of GILBERT FitzRichard de Clare & his wife Adelisa de Clermont ([1100][1273]-6 Jan 1148 or 1149, bur Tintern Abbey). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Richardum qui ei successit et Gislebertum et Walterium et unam filiam...Rohais” as the children of “Gislebertus ex filia comitis de Claromonte”[1274]. The Liber Vitæ of Thorney abbey lists "…Gilebt fili[us] Ricardi, Ricard fili[us] eius…Aaliz uxor Gilbti filii Ricardi, Comes Gilbt, Galteri…filii sui…"[1275]. “Adeliz, uxor Gilberti filii Ricardi, et Gillebertus et Walterus et Baldewinus et Rohaisia pueri Gilberti” donated property to Thorney Monastery, by undated charter witnessed by “Gilberto filio Gilberti, Galterio, Hervæo, Baldwino fratribus eius et Rohaisia sorore eorum”[1276]. He inherited the estates of his paternal uncles Roger de Clare (after 1131, in the baronies of Bienfaite and Orbec, Normandy) and Walter de Clare (in 1138, as lord of Nether Gwent with the castle of Strigoil, later known as Chepstow)[1277]. He was created Earl of Pembroke in 1138 by King Stephen. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1149 of "Gilbertus comes, qui Strangboga dictus est"[1278].

m ISABEL de Beaumont, daughter of ROBERT de Beaumont-le-Roger Comte de Meulan [Earl of Leicester] & his wife Isabelle de Vermandois ([1102/07]-after 1172), previously mistress of Henry I King of England. Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Giselbertus filius Gisleberti" married “sororem Waleranni comitis Mellenti...Elizabeth” by whom he had “filium primogenitum...Richardum”[1279]. Henry II King of England confirmed the donations to the nuns of Saint-Saens by "Isabel comitissa qui fuit uxor Gilleberti comitis" by charter dated to [1172/1182][1280]. “Badero de Momuta et uxor sua Rohes” donated revenue in Monmouth to Monmouth Priory by undated charter witnessed by "Galterus frater Gilleberti consulis, qui ipsa die loco consulis uxorem meam michi dedit…comitissa Ysabel, Robertus filius Baderonis, Johannes filius Roberti, Thomas filius Pagani…"[1281].

Earl Gilbert & his wife had two children:

1. RICHARD de Clare "Strongbow" ([1130]-Dublin 20 Apr 1176, bur Dublin, Holy Trinity). Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Giselbertus filius Gisleberti" married “sororem Waleranni comitis Mellenti...Elizabeth” by whom he had “filium primogenitum...Richardum”[1282]. He succeeded his father in 1148 or 1149 as Earl of Pembroke. In [1168], he promised Dermot King of Leinster to help him recover his kingdom in return for the hand of his daughter and eventual succession to the crown. He landed near Waterford 23 Aug 1170, and marched to Dublin. He acceded to the demand of King Henry II to surrender his Irish conquests to him and was granted Leinster in fee[1283]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richardus comes de Streguel filius comitis Gisleberti" leaving "parvulum filium ex filia regis Duvelinæ"[1284]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1175 of "comes Ricardus filius Gilberti", another passage recording his death in Ireland in 1177 and his burial "apud Dulin"[1285]. m (Waterford [26 Aug 1171]) AOIFE [Eve] of Leinster, daughter of DERMOT MacMurrough King of Leinster & his wife [Mor ---] (-after 1189). The Annales Cambriæ record that "Ricardus comes de Striguil" invaded Ireland in 1171 and married "filiam Diermit regis"[1286]. She was styled Countess of Ireland in 1185, but Countess of Strigoil in 1186[1287]. Earl Richard & his wife had two children:

a) GILBERT (1173-[1185/86]). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richardus comes de Streguel filius comitis Gisleberti" leaving "parvulum filium ex filia regis Duvelinæ"[1288]. He succeeded his father in 1176 as Earl of Pembroke, but was never invested with the earldom.

b) ISABEL (-1220, bur Tintern Abbey). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 22 Mar 1222 under which “Willielmus mareschallus Angliæ, comes Penbrochiæ” founded Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, for the souls of ”bonæ memoriæ Walteri filii Ricardi filii Gilberti Strongbowe avi mei, et Willelmi Marescalli patris mei, et Ysabellæ matris meæ”[1289], although the identify of “Walteri” in this document is unclear. m (London Aug 1189) WILLIAM Marshal, son of JOHN FitzGilbert "the Marshal" & his second wife Sibyl de Salisbury ([1146]-Caversham 14 May 1219, bur London, Temple Church). He was invested as Earl of Pembroke 27 May 1199 by King John.

Earl Richard had two illegitimate children:

c) daughter . Regan’s "Song of Dermot and the Earl" records that "Richard the renowned earl went to the city of Ferns" and "married his daughter to Robert de Quency"[1290]. m (1171) ROBERT de Quenci Constable of Leinster, son of --- (-killed in battle Offaly 1171 or after).

d) ALINE . The Expugnatio Hibernica records the marriage between "Mauricio filio Guillelmo comes" and "Alinam filiam suam [Richardi]"[1291]. m (1174) WILLIAM FitzMaurice Baron of Naas, son of MAURICE FitzGerald & his first wife --- (-[1199]).

2. BASILIA . The Expugnatio Hibernica records the marriage at Dublin between "Reimundus" and "sorore mea [Ricardi] Basiliam" [in 1174][1292]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. m firstly (1174) RAYMOND FitzGerald "the Fat" Constable of Leinster, son of ---. m secondly as his first wife, GEOFFREY FitzRobert Lord of Kells, Steward of Leinster, son of --- (-1211).

B. EARLS of PEMBROKE 1189-1245 (MARSHAL)

GILBERT "the Marshal", son of --- (-1130 or before). Master Marshal of the king's household under King Henry I[1293].

m ---. The name of Gilbert’s wife is not known. It is possible that she was the heiress of William FitzAuger: the Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that, after the conquest, King William I granted "manerium de Boseham" in Surrey to "Willelmo filio Augeri", and that later "Willelmus Marescallus" (presumably identified as the future first Earl of Pembroke, see below) held the manor "[jure] hereditario"[1294].

Gilbert & his wife had two children:

1. JOHN FitzGilbert "the Marshal" (-before Nov 1165). He succeeded his father in [1130] as Master Marshal of the king's household. The 1129/30 Pipe Roll records "Johs Marisc" accounting for "terra et ministerio patris sui"[1295]. The Gesta Stephani Regis names "Joannes, ille Marescallus agnominatus" among the supporters of Empress Matilda in the English civil war[1296]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Johannes Marescallus" used to hold knights’ fees in Oxfordshire during the reign of King Henry I, now held by "Gilbertus filius eius" from "Manasser Arsic"[1297]. Empress Matilda made various grants of property by charter dated to [1141/42] witnessed by "…Johes filius Gisleberti…"[1298]. "…Rainaldo comite Cornubie…Johanne Marescallo" witnessed the charter dated to [Feb/Mar] 1155 under which Henry II King of England restored properties of "Roberto filio Hereberti Camerarii", held by "pater suus vel avus suus"[1299]. The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Johi Marescall" in Herefordshire and Hampshire (three times)[1300]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Johannes Marscallus xx s" in Worcestershire in [1161/62][1301]. m firstly (repudiated [1141]) as her first husband, ALINE, daughter of [WALTER Pipard] & his wife ---. The Complete Peerage states that John’s marriage to a daughter of Walter Pipard, a minor Wiltshire baron, is "stated as a fact by Painter" but "this seems a rash deduction from the fact that John paid 30 marks for Walter’s land and daughter" [as recorded in the 1129/30 Pipe Roll in which "Johs Marisc" accounted for "terra et filia Walti Pipardi"][1302]. The early 13th century Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal records that John divorced his first wife and married "damesele Sibire la sorur le cunte Patriz"[1303]. She married secondly Stephen Gai[1304]. Henri Duke of Normandy confirmed an agreement between "Stephanum Gai et Adelicia uxorem suam" and "Gislbtu fil Johannis Mariscalli et eiusdem Aeline" relating to her inheritance by charter dated to [Apr/May] 1153[1305]. m secondly (before [1144]) SIBYL de Salisbury, daughter of WALTER FitzEdward de Salisbury & his wife Matilda de Chaources . The early 13th century Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal records that John divorced his first wife and married "damesele Sibire la sorur le cunte Patriz"[1306]. John FitzGilbert & his first wife had two children:

a) GILBERT (-Salisbury before Nov 1166). Henri Duke of Normandy confirmed an agreement between "Stephanum Gai et Adelicia uxorem suam" and "Gislbtu fil Johannis Mariscalli et eiusdem Aeline" relating to her inheritance by charter dated to [Apr/May] 1153[1307]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Gilbertus Marescallus" held one knight’s fee "de veteri feodo" from "Ricardus de Candos" in Herefordshire, and that "Gilbertus filius eius" from "Manasser Arsic" in Oxfordshire previously held by "Johannes Marescallus" during the reign of King Henry I[1308].

b) [WALTER] (-[1166/67]). The early 13th century Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal records that "sun frére" died of grief after the death of his brother Gilbert[1309]. The Complete Peerage names him Walter but does not the cite the primary source on which this information is based[1310].

John Fitz-Gilbert & his second wife had [six] children:

c) JOHN "the Marshal" ([1144/45]-Mar 1194, bur Bradenstoke). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Johannes filius Johannis Marscalli" held one knight’s fee from "Galfridi comitis Essexæ" in Essex[1311]. He succeeded to part of his father's lands in 1165, and to his half-brother's lands in 1166, and as Master Marshal of the king's household. m as her first husband, JOAN de Port, daughter of ADAM de Port Lord of Basing & his first wife Mabile d’Orval (-[1204/13]). The early 13th century Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal records that "la fillie sire Adam de Port" married "son frére" (indicating the brother of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke)[1312]. She married secondly, as his second wife, Richard de Rivers. "Ric de Riveriis" paid a fine to marry "filia Ade de Port", dated [1200/01][1313]. Mistress (1): ALICE, daughter of ---. John Marshal gave land in Foulsham, Norfolk to Walsingham priory for the souls of "himself and his wife Aline, for John and Alice, his father and mother, for William Marshal the Earl and Isabel his wife, and for Hubert and Margaret de Rye"[1314]. John the Marshal had [one illegitimate son by Mistress (1)]:

i) [JOHN Marshall (-1235). King John confirmed "Cantelee et Castree…que fuerunt Hugonis de Gornaco" to "Johanni Marescall nepoti W. Maresc com de Penbroc" by charter dated 11 Nov 1204[1315].]

- see below.

d) WILLIAM ([1146]-Caversham 14 May 1219, bur London, Temple Church[1316]). He succeeded his brother in 1194 as Master Marshal of the king's household. He was invested as Earl of Pembroke 27 May 1199 by King John.

- see below.

e) [ANSELM . The early 13th century Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal records "sire Ansel li Mareschals" taking part in a tournament at Lagny-sur-Marne with Henry "the Young King"[1317]. The Complete Peerage assumes that he was the son of John FitzGilbert by his second marriage but the source does not specify Anselm’s parentage[1318].]

f) HENRY (-1206). The Complete Peerage names Henry as son of John FitzGilbert by his second marriage but does not the cite the primary source on which this information is based[1319]. Dean of York 1189. Bishop of Exeter 1194. Matthew Paris records the appointment in 1194 as bishop of Exeter of "Henricus Marescallus frater W[illelmi] Marescalli senioris"[1320]. The Annals of Margan record the death in 1206 of “Henricus Marescallus Exoniæ episcopus”[1321].

g) MATILDA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. The Complete Peerage names her and records her marriage but does not the cite the primary source on which this information is based[1322]. m ROBERT de Pont de l'Arche, son of GUILLAUME de Pont de l’Arche & his wife Constance Mauduit (-after 1196).

h) [daughter ([1145/55]-). John Hunt states that “William le Gros” was married to “a sister of William Marshal I earl of Pembroke”, when recording the marriage contract of the couple’s daughter Margaret to “Ralph Somery” [Ralph [II] de Somery, see UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY], dated to before 1194, but he does not cite the primary source on which the information is based[1323]. A relationship between the Marshal and Crassus families is suggested by two sources. Firstly, William Marshal Earl of Pembroke, writing to King Henry III dated 5 Aug 1224, records that he had sent "dominum W. Grassum primogenitum consanguineum nostrum" with soldiers "ad Enoc-fergus in Ultonia" [Carrickfergus] which was besieged by "Hugonem de Lascy"[1324]. Secondly, the Annals of Worcester record the consecration in 1230 of “Anselmus nepos Marescalli...apud Cantuariam in episcopum Menevensem” [as bishop of St David’s][1325]. m ([1160/70]) WILLIAM [III] Crassus, son of --- (-[1204/14]).]

The Complete Peerage suggests another daughter of John Fitz-Gilbert & his second wife, but this is unlikely to be correct:

i) [MARGARET (-after [1242/43]). The Complete Peerage names “Margaret m 1stly Ralph de Somerey, 2ndly Maurice de Gaunt” as the first daughter of John FitzGilbert “the Marshal” and his second wife[1326]. From a chronological point of view, this cannot be correct. The births of the children of John FitzGilbert and his second wife can be dated to [1145/55]. Concerning the alleged first marriage, the chronology suggests that the children of Ralph de Somery and his wife were probably born in the late 1190s or the early years of the 13th century. Concerning the alleged second marriage, Maurice de Gant presumably married his second wife in the hope of having children, and in any case Maurice’s wife is recorded as living in 1247. As can be seen, none of the dates is compatible with Margaret having been the daughter of John FitzGilbert. The Pipe Roll 1210 records that "Margareta que fuit uxor Radulfi de Sumeri" arranged to pay an instalment of her fine for the assignment of her dower in midsummer[1327]. Henry III King of England granted "maneriis de Cantokesheved et de Hivis...que fuerunt Mauricii de Gant quondam viri sui" to "Margarete de Sumery" dated 1231[1328]. m firstly RALPH [II] de Somery of Dudley, Worcestershire, son of JOHN de Somery & his wife Hawise Paynell (-[Jan/Jul] 1210). m secondly (after 1220) as his second wife, MAURICE de Gant, son of ROBERT “Juvenis” de Berkeley & his wife Avice de Gand (-1230).]

2. WILLIAM "Giffard/Chubby-cheeked" (-after 1166). The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Willo Marisc" in Essex[1329]. Chancellor of Empress Matilda 1141 and 1142[1330]. The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Wills. Maresc" in Hampshire[1331]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, records that "Willelmus Marscallus" deprived the bishop of Bath of "duas hidas de dominio suo" in Somerset[1332].

1. GEOFFREY "Martel" (-after 25 Aug 1223). "Galfridus Martel, qui est de familia comitis W. Marescalli…" witnessed a document dated 25 Aug 1223[1333]. The expression "de familia" could indicate that Geoffrey was of the household of William Marshal and not necessarily a blood relation.

WILLIAM Marshal, son of JOHN FitzGilbert "the Marshal" & his second wife Sibyl de Salisbury ([1146]-Caversham 14 May 1219, bur London, Temple Church). He succeeded his brother in 1194 as Master Marshal of the king's household. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], names "Willelmus Marscallus" among those granted delay in payment "per brevis" in Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire[1334]. He was invested as Earl of Pembroke 27 May 1199 by King John. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that King John gave "comitatum de Striguil" to "Willelmo le Marescal" the day of his coronation "VI Kal Jul" 1199[1335]. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Willielmus comes Marescallus" besieged "Kilgerran" in 1204[1336]. Matthew Paris records that the appointment of “Willelmi comitis Pembroc...magni...Marescalli” as guardian of King Henry III after his coronation[1337]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1219 of "Willelmus Marescallus senior comes de Penbrock" and his burial "in crastino Ascensionis" in "Novum Templum de Londoniis"[1338]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1219 of "Willielmus Marescallus senior"[1339]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Willelmus Marscallus” died in May 1219[1340]. The Annals of Waverley record the death “apud Londiniam II Id Mai” in 1219 of “Willelmus Marescallus”[1341]. Matthew Paris records the death in 1219 of “Willelmus senior Marescallus regis et rector regni”, his burial “apud Novum Templum...XVII Kal Jun”, and the transfer of the king to the guardianship of “Petri Wintoniensis episcopi”[1342].

m (London Aug 1189) ISABEL Ctss of Pembroke, daughter of RICHARD FitzGilbert de Clare "Strongbow" Earl of Pembroke (-1220, bur Tintern Abbey). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 22 Mar 1222 under which “Willielmus mareschallus Angliæ, comes Penbrochiæ” founded Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, for the souls of ”bonæ memoriæ Walteri filii Ricardi filii Gilberti Strongbowe avi mei, et Willelmi Marescalli patris mei, et Ysabellæ matris meæ”[1343], although the identify of “Walteri” in this document is unclear.

Earl William & his wife had ten children:

1. WILLIAM Marshal (Normandy [1190]-Fawley, Buckinghamshire 6 Apr 1231, bur 15 Apr 1231 Temple Church, London). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Willihelmus, Richardus, Gilbertus, Walterus et Ancellimus” as sons of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”, adding that each succeeded in turn as earl of Pembroke and died without children[1344]. He was one of the 25 Barons elected to ensure the execution of the provisions of Magna Carta. In May 1216, he joined Louis de France [the future King Louis VIII] who had invaded England, but in Autumn 1216 deserted Louis, retired to Wales. In Mar 1217, he joined a revolt against Louis at Rye, and 20 May 1217 fought at the battle of Lincoln[1345]. He succeeded his father in 1219 as Earl of Pembroke, hereditary Master Marshal. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Willielmus Marescallus junior" arrived in Ireland in 1220, recording in the following passage that "Willielmus comes iuvenis filius Willielmi Marescalli comitis" returned to South Wales from Ireland in 1221 and acquired "castella Kermerdin et Aberteiui", and in a later text that he returned to Ireland in 1222, was appointed "justiciarum totius Hiberniæ" and subjugated "filios Hugonis de Lacy"[1346]. “Willielmus mareschallus Angliæ, comes Penbrochiæ” founded Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, for the souls of ”bonæ memoriæ Walteri filii Ricardi filii Gilberti Strongbowe avi mei, et Willelmi Marescalli patris mei, et Ysabellæ matris meæ”, by charter dated 22 Mar 1222[1347]. He was appointed Justiciar of Ireland 2 May 1224, invested at Dublin [20] Jun 1224, but resigned 22 Jun 1226[1348]. Matthew Paris records that he died just after the marriage of his sister Isabel to Richard Earl of Cornwall[1349]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “apud Falle juxta Merlawe…VII Id Apr” in 1231 of “Willelmus Mariscallus junior” and his burial “apud Novum Templum Lundoniæ juxta patrem suum”[1350]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death "VII Id Apr" in 1230 of "Willelmus Marescallus"[1351]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Willelmus Marescallus” died in 1231[1352]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1231 of "Willelmus Marescallus comes de Pembrok" and his burial "apud Novum Templum"[1353]. m firstly (contract 6 Nov 1204, 1214) ALIX de Béthune dame de Choques, daughter of BAUDOUIN de Béthune Comte d'Aumâle & his wife Hawise d'Aumâle (-[1216], bur London, St Paul's Cathedral). The 13th century Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d’Angleterre records that "Bauduins li cuens d’Aubemalle…[et] Havy la contesse sa feme" had "une fille…Aalis" who married "Guillemin le frère Guillaume le mareschal le conte de Pembroc"[1354]. King John confirmed "maritagium de Willelmo filio Willelmi Marescall com de Pembroke" and "Alicia filia B. de Bettun comitis de Albamar", providing that William should marry "alteram filiam predicti comitis" if Alix died, and that Alix should marry "Ric junior filius suus" should William die, by charter dated 9 Jul 1204[1355]. m secondly (23 Apr 1224) as her first husband, ELEANOR of England, daughter of JOHN King of England & his second wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (1215-convent of the sisters of St Dominic, near Montargis 13 Apr 1275). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Willelmus Marscallus junior” married “sororem Henrici regis Angliæ” in 1225, recorded as the first event in that year[1356]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in 1224 of “soror regis Henrici” and “juveni Marescallo”[1357]. She is recorded as "Pembrocensis comitissa" (not named), sister of Isabella, by Matthew Paris in 1236[1358]. He names her as daughter of King John in a later passage which records her second marriage with "Simon de Monteforti", specifying that she was "relictam Willelmi Marescalli comitis de Penbrochia"[1359]. She became a nun after the death of her first husband, taking a vow of perpetual celibacy. She married secondly (King’s Chapel, Palace of Westminster 7 Jan 12381330) Simon de Montfort, her vows of chastity not being considered a canonical impediment to her second marriage, her second husband obtaining Papal absolution in Rome for the marriage[1360]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “XIX Kal Feb in parvula capella regis apud Westmonasterium” of “soror regis Angliæ uxor quondam junioris Marscalli” and “Symoni de Monteforti”[1361]. She retired once more as a nun at Montargis (a cell of the Abbey of Fontevrault) after her second husband was killed[1362].

2. MATILDA ([before 1195]-1/7 Apr 1248). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Matilda…Johanna…Isabella” as the daughters of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”, adding that Matilda married “Hugoni le Bigod comiti Norfolke et Suffolke” and secondly “Johanni de Garrene comiti de Surrey”[1363]. Her birth date is estimated from the birth of her first child in [1212/13]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hugo Bigot comes…uxor” married “comiti Warenniæ”[1364]. m firstly (before Lent 1207) HUGH Bigod Earl of Norfolk, son of ROGER Bigod Earl of Norfolk & his wife Ida --- (-[11/18] Feb 1225). m secondly (before 13 Oct 1225) WILLIAM [IV] de Warenne Earl of Surrey, son of HAMELIN d'Anjou Earl of Surrey & his wife Isabel de Warenne (1166-London 27 May 1240, bur Lewes Priory).

3. RICHARD (-Kilkenny Castle 16 Apr 1234, bur Kilkenny, Church of the Franciscans). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Willihelmus, Richardus, Gilbertus, Walterus et Ancellimus” as sons of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”, adding that each succeeded in turn as earl of Pembroke and died without children[1365]. On the death of their father, his older brother ceded his lands in Normandy to Richard, whereby he became Seigneur de Longueville et d'Orbec. He succeeded as Seigneur de Dinan in 1224, de iure uxoris. "Richardus Maresschallus dominus Dinanni et Gervasia eius uxor" confirmed donations to the abbey of Beaulieu by charter dated 1224[1366]. He succeeded his brother in 1231 as Earl of Pembroke, hereditary Master Marshal. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Ricardus frater eius" succeeded as Earl of Pembroke in 1230 after the death of "Willelmus Marescallus"[1367]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1234 of "Ricardus Marescallus" in Ireland[1368]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “in Hibernia XVII Kal Mai” in 1234 of “dominus Ricardus Mariscallus comes Penbrochiæ”[1369]. m (1222) as her third husband, GERVAISE de Vitré Vicomtesse de Dinan, widow firstly of JUHEL Seigneur de Mayenne and secondly of GEOFFROY [I] Vicomte de Rohan, daughter of ALAIN Seigneur de Vitré & his wife Clémence de Fougères (-[1236/41]). "Juhellus dominus Meduanæ et Dinani…Gervasia uxor mea filia Alani de Dinan…Isabella mater mea" founded the abbey of Fontaine-Daniel by charter dated 19 May 1205[1370]. "Juhel seigneur de Mayenne" donated property to the priory of Fontaine-Daniel, for the soul of "Gervaise sa femme", by charter dated 12 Feb 1207, witnessed by "…Isabelle de Mayenne…"[1371]. "Henricus de Avalgor, filius Alani comitis…et Margarita uxor mea" renewed a donation of property to the abbey of Bon-Repos by "Gervasia domina Dinani", for the soul of "bone memorie Gaufridi vicecomitis de Rohan quondam mariti sui", by charter dated 1229[1372]. "Richardus Maresschallus dominus Dinanni et Gervasia eius uxor" confirmed donations to the abbey of Beaulieu by charter dated 1224[1373]. "Gervasia domina de Dynan" confirmed donations by "bone memorie Juhelli de Meduana quondam mariti nostri" to Saint-Aubin-des-Bois by charter dated 1235[1374]. "Gervasia domina Dynanni" donated property to Saint-Aubin-des-Bois after the death of "bone memorie Richardi Marischallis, quondam mariti mei" by charter dated 1236[1375]. Her date of death is confirmed by the charter dated 1241 under which "Droco de Melloto, Locharam et Meduane dominus" [her son-in-law] wrote to "fratri suo domino Henrico de Avalgor", naming "bone memorie domine Gervasie"[1376].

4. GILBERT (-Hertford Priory 27 Jun 1241, bur New Temple Church, London). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Willihelmus, Richardus, Gilbertus, Walterus et Ancellimus” as sons of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”, adding that each succeeded in turn as earl of Pembroke and died without children[1377]. He succeeded his brother in 1234 as Earl of Pembroke, hereditary Master Marshal. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Gilbertus frater suus" succeeded on the death of "Ricardus Marescallus" in 1234[1378]. He died after falling from his horse during a tournament[1379]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death "IV Kal Jul" in 1242 of "Gilbertus Marescallus apud War in quodam tornamiento"[1380]. The Annales Londonienses record the death "V Kal Jul" in 1241 of "Gilbertus Marescallus comes Panbrok…extra villam Hertford, toto corpore confractus in quodam hastiludio"[1381]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “circa festum apostolorum Petri et Pauli…in tornamento apud Ware” in 1241 of “G. Marescallus” and his burial “apud Novum Templum Londoniæ”[1382]. m (Berwick 1 Aug 1235[1383]) MARJORY of Scotland, daughter of WILLIAM "the Lion" King of Scotland (-17 Nov 1244, bur London, Church of the Preaching Friars). The Annales Cambriæ record that "Gilbertus Marescallus" married "sororem regis Scotiæ" in 1235[1384]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “circa Assumptionis beatæ Virginis” in 1235 of “Margata soror regis Scotiæ” and “G. Marscallo”[1385]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Gilebertus Marscallus” married “Margaretam, sororem regis Scotiæ” in 1235, her dowry being 10,000 marcs[1386]. Matthew Paris records her death, when he names her "Margareta soror regis Scotiæ…relicta Gileberti comitis Marescalli"[1387]. Earl Gilbert had one illegitimate daughter by an unknown mistress:

a) ISABEL . m (contract[1388]) RHYS ap Maelgwn, son of MAELGWN ap Maelgwn "Fychan" Lord of Cardigan Is Ayron & his wife Angharad of Wales (-1255).

5. WALTER (after 1198-Goodrich Castle 24 Nov 1245, bur Tintern Abbey[1389]). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Willihelmus, Richardus, Gilbertus, Walterus et Ancellimus” as sons of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”, adding that each succeeded in turn as earl of Pembroke and died without children[1390]. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Walterus Marscallus" was granted land belonging "ad honorem de Cayrmardyn" by "Gilberto fratre suo" in 1240[1391]. He succeeded his brother in 1241 as Earl of Pembroke, hereditary Master Marshal. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Walterus frater eius" succeeded in 1242 on the death of "Gilbertus Marescallus"[1392]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1246 of "comes Walterus Marescallus apud castrum Godrici"[1393]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1245 "apud Londoniam" of "Walterus comes Marescallus"[1394]. m (6 Jan 1242) as her second husband, MARGARET de Quincy, widow of JOHN de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, daughter of ROBERT de Quincy & his wife Hawise of Chester (before 1208-Hampstead Mar 1266, bur Clerkenwell, Church of the Hospitallers). The Annales Londonienses name "Margaretam…comitissa Lincolniæ" as the daughter of "Hawisia…de Roberto de Quency"[1395]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Johanni de Laci constabulario Cestriæ” married “Roberto de Quincy…filiam Margaretam comitissam Lincolniæ”[1396]. A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that “Johannes de Lacy primus comes Lincolniæ” married “Margaretam filiam Roberti Quincy comitis Wintoniæ nepotem Ranulphi comitis Cestriæ” after the death of his first wife[1397]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “circa Epiphaniam Domini” in 1241 of “Walterus Marescallus comes” and “comitissam Lincolniæ…Margeriam, uxorem quondam Johannis comitis Lincolniæ”[1398]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[1399]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king’s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[1400]. She married thirdly (before 7 Jun 1252) Richard de Wiltshire. "Margery countess of Lincoln and Pembroke and Richard de Wilteshir and their heirs" were granted "a yearly fair at their manor of Chelebiry" dated 7 Jun 1252[1401]. The Annals of Worcester record the death in 1266 of “Margareta comitissa Lincolniæ”[1402]. The Annals of Winchester record the death “apud Hamstede” in 1266 of “Margareta comitissa Lyncollniæ”[1403].

6. ANSELM (-Chepstow [22/24] Dec 1245, bur Tintern Abbey[1404]). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Willihelmus, Richardus, Gilbertus, Walterus et Ancellimus” as sons of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”, adding that each succeeded in turn as earl of Pembroke and died without children[1405]. He succeeded his brother in 1245 as Earl of Pembroke, hereditary Master Marshal. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1246 of "Anselmus Marescallus apud Striguil" and his burial "apud Tinternam"[1406]. m as her first husband, MATILDA de Bohun, daughter of HUMPHREY de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex & his wife Matilda de Mandeville (-Groby, Lincolnshire 20 Oct 1252, bur Brackley). A charter dated 19 Jan 1246 mandates the grant to "Matilda who was the wife of Anselm Marshall…[of] 60 librates of land in Ireland, for her maintenance until the king shall cause her dower to be assigned to her out of Anselm’s lands"[1407]. She married secondly ([Jan 1246/5 Jun 1250]) as his second wife, Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester.

7. JOAN (-before 1242). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Matilda…Johanna…Isabella” as the daughters of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”[1408]. The same source records in a later passage that "secunda filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Johanna" married "Warino de Montecaniso" by whom she was mother of "Johannem de Montecaniso" who died childless and "Johannam sororem eius" who married "domino Willihelmo de Valentia"[1409]. m as his first wife, WARIN de Munchensy, son of WILLIAM de Munchensy & his wife Aveline de Clare (-[20 Jul 1255]).

8. ISABEL (Pembroke Castle 9 Oct 1200-Berkhamstead Castle, Hertfordshire 15 or 17 Jan 1240, bur Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) ”Matilda…Johanna…Isabella” as the daughters of “Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ”[1410]. The same source records in a later passage that "tertia filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Isabella" married "domino Gilberto de Clare comiti Gloverniæ"[1411]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the marriage of “Gilberto…Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ comes” and “domina Isabella filia Willielmi Marescalli senioris, comitis de Pembroke”[1412]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “die sancti Dionisii” in 1214 of “Isabel filia W Marescalli” and “comiti Glocestriæ et Herefordiæ Gileberto de Clare”[1413]. Her second marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who names her "Ysabellam comitissam Gloverniæ" as sister of William Marshall Earl of Pembroke[1414]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “III Kal Apr…apud Falle juxta Merlawe” in 1231 of “Ysabel comitissa Gloucestriæ” and “Ricardo comiti Cornubiæ, fratri Henrici regis Angliæ”[1415]. Her (second) marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who names her "Ysabellam comitissam Gloverniæ" sister of William Marshall Earl of Pembroke, specifying that the marriage took place in April[1416]. The Annales Cambriæ record the marriage in 1231 of "Ricardus comes Cornubiæ" and "Isabellam cometissam Gloucestriæ"[1417]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1231 of "Ricardus frater regis" and "Isabellam comitissam Gloverniæ, relictam Gileberti de Clare"[1418]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1240 of "comitissa Gloverniæ uxor comitis Ricardi" in childbirth[1419]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “XVI Kal Feb…apud Berkhamstede” in 1239 of “Isabella comitissa Gloucestriæ et Hertfordiæ, Cornubiæ et Pictaviæ” and her burial “apud Bellum Locum Cisterciensis ordinis”[1420]. Matthew Paris records that she died of jaundice contracted in childbirth[1421]. m firstly (9 Oct 1214 or 1217) GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford, son of RICHARD de Clare Earl of Hertford & his wife Amice of Gloucester ([1180]-Penros, Brittany 25 Oct 1230, bur Tewkesbury). m secondly (Fawley, Buckinghamshire 13 or 30 Mar 1231) as his first wife, RICHARD Earl of Cornwall, son of JOHN King of England & his second wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (Winchester Castle 5 Jan 1209-Berkhamstead Castle, Herts 2 Apr 1272, bur Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire).

9. SIBYL (-before 1238). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla" married "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ"[1422]. m (before 14 May 1219) as his first wife, WILLIAM de Ferrers, son of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his wife Agnes de Chester (-May 1254, bur Merevale Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1247 as Earl of Derby.

10. EVA ([1200/10]-before 1246). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that "quinta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Eva" married "Willielmo de Brewes"[1423]. If it is correct that Eva was her parents’ fifth daughter, she would have been born after [1200]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Willielmus de Brews quartus” married “Evam filiam domini Willielmi Mareschalli”[1424]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a letter from "L. princeps" to "domino W. Marescallo comiti Penbrochiæ" assuring him that he still wishes the proposed marriage between "neptem vestram et filium nostrum David" to take place[1425]. King Henry III granted "in villa de Haya" to "Eve de Braose" dated 6 Jun 1232[1426]. m WILLIAM de Briouse Lord of Abergavenny, son of REYNALD de Briouse & his first wife Grace de Briwere (-hanged 2 May 1230).

JOHN Marshall, [illegitimate son of JOHN the Marshal & his mistress Alice ---] (-1235). King John confirmed "Cantelee et Castree…que fuerunt Hugonis de Gornaco" to "Johanni Marescall nepoti W. Maresc com de Penbroc" by charter dated 11 Nov 1204[1427]. John Marshal gave land in Foulsham, Norfolk to Walsingham priory for the souls of "himself and his wife Aline, for John and Alice, his father and mother, for William Marshal the Earl and Isabel his wife, and for Hubert and Margaret de Rye"[1428]. The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land from the king in Hertfordshire, dated to [1204/12]: "Johannes Marescallus" held land "in Barewurthe"[1429]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Johannes Marscallus et Rogerus de Cressi" holding 18 knights’ fees "de baronia Huberti de Ria" in Norfolk, Suffolk, and two in "Okeringe" and one in "Tilveton juxta Pulcheham" in Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, in [1210/12][1430]. Marshal of Ireland.

m ([1200]) AVELINE [Aline] de Rie, daughter of HUBERT [V] de Rie of Hingham, Norfolk & his wife Margaret --- (-[1266/67]). An order dated 1207 records "Avelina et Isabel filæ et heredes Hub de Rye", in Norfolk[1431]. Her marriage is suggested by the Red Book of the Exchequer which records "Johannes Marscallus et Rogerus de Cressi" holding 18 knights’ fees "de baronia Huberti de Ria" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][1432]. John Marshal gave land in Foulsham, Norfolk to Walsingham priory for the souls of "himself and his wife Aline, for John and Alice, his father and mother, for William Marshal the Earl and Isabel his wife, and for Hubert and Margaret de Rye"[1433]. Walter Rye cites sources dated 22 Hen III, 24 Hen III, 34 Hen III, and 35 Hen III which name her[1434]. She was named heir of her sister Isabel in the inquisitions which followed the latter’s death. Inquisitions following an undated writ "52 Hen III", after the death of "Aelina Marescall alias la Marischal", name "John son of William le Mareschal […her son], aged 12, is her heir"[1435]. Her grandson and his descendants therefore inherited the barony of Rie[1436].

John & his wife had [four] children:

1. JOHN (-[3 Oct/23 Oct] 1242). Marshal of Ireland. Henry III King of England issued a grant to "John son of John Marshall, that William Marshall, brother of the former, may supply his place in the office of the king’s Marshal of Ireland, granted to John Marshall senior by King John" by charter dated 28 Nov 1236[1437]. m (before 1242) as her first husband, MARGARET, daughter of HENRY Earl of Warwick & his wife Philippa de Basset (-3 Jun 1253). She succeeded her brother in 1242 as Ctss of Warwick, suo iure. She married secondly John de Plessis, who succeeded as Earl of Warwick, de iure uxoris.

2. WILLIAM (-[1265]). Henry III King of England issued a grant to "John son of John Marshall, that William Marshall, brother of the former, may supply his place in the office of the king’s Marshal of Ireland, granted to John Marshall senior by King John" by charter dated 28 Nov 1236[1438]. m as her first husband, ELIZABETH de Ferrers, daughter of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his second wife Margaret de Quincy of Winchester . She married secondly Dafydd ap Gruffydd of Wales. William & his wife had two children:

a) JOHN ([1255/56]-before 4 Dec 1282). An undated writ "52 Hen III", after the death of "Aelina Marescall alias la Marischal", names "John son of William le Mareschal […her son], aged 12, is her heir"[1439]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 4 Dec "11 Edw I" following the death of "John le Marschal alias le Mareschale” name “William his son aged 5 at the feast of St Nichael 10 Edw I is his next heir”[1440]. m HAWISE, daughter of ---. John & his wife had two children:

i) WILLIAM ([24] Sep 1277-killed in battle Bannockburn 1314). Inquisitions after a writ dated 4 Dec "11 Edw I" following the death of "John le Marschal alias le Mareschale” name “William his son aged 5 at the feast of St Nichael 10 Edw I is his next heir”[1441]. The proof age, made "a month from the day of St. Michael, 26 Edw I", of “William son and heir of John le Mareschal” records a witness who asserted that he was born "on the sixth day before St Michael, 26 Edw I"[1442]. Lord Marshall 1309. m CHRISTIAN FitzWalter, daughter of ROBERT FitzWalter Lord FitzWalter & his first wife Devorguilla de Burgh of Wakerly, Northamptonshire (-before 6 Dec 1315). William & his wife had three children:

(a) JOHN (1292-1317). Lord Marshall. m as her first husband, ELA, daughter of --- (-16 Feb 1356) She married secondly (licence 29 Jun 1319) as his second wife, Robert FitzPayn Lord FitzPayn.

(b) DENISE (-14 Sep 1316).

(c) HAWISE (-before 1327). She became de iure Baroness Marshal 1316 on the death of her sister. m as his first wife, ROBERT de Morley Lord Morley, son of WILLIAM de Morley Lord Morley & his first wife Isabel de Mohaut (-Burgundy 23 Mar 1360).

ii) PERRONELLE . m (contract [Nov] 1304) as his first wife, THOMAS de Vere, son of ROBERT de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Margaret de Mortimer ([1280/84]-[1328/12 May 1329]).

b) WILLIAM .

3. ALICE (-before [1266]). A writ of certiorari dated 24 Mar "55 Hen III", after the death of "Aline la Mareschale", enquired whether the deceased "enfeoffed Alice de Carhou her daughter deceased of the manor of Aselakelby for life only or otherwise"[1443]. m --- de Carrow, son of ---.

4. [--- . m ---.] One child:

a) MATILDA (-15 Feb 1308 or before). The Complete Peerage calls her “a niece of William le Marshal”, adding that she was probably a relative of Queen Eleanor of Castile whose son called her “nostre...cosine Dame Maud de Mortimer of Chastel Richard” in correspondence[1444]. m ([before 1290]) HUGH Mortimer, son of ROBERT de Mortimer of Richard’s Castle, Herefordshire & his wife Joyce la Zouche (-20 Jul 1304, bur 15 Aug Worcester Cathedral).

1. NICHOLAS Marshall (-after 1210). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Nicholaus Marscallus" holding "terram suam per serjanteriam custodiendi palefridos Regis" in Essex in [1210/12][1445].

2. ROBERT Marshall (-after 1210). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Robertus Marscallus" holding "i hidam in Badewe per serjanteriam custodiendi palefridos Regis" in Essex in [1210/12][1446].

C. EARLS of PEMBROKE 1339-1389 (HASTINGS)

LAURENCE de Hastings, son of JOHN de Hastings Lord Hastings & his wife Juliane de Leybourne (Allesley, Warwickshire 20 Mar 1320-Abergavenny 30 Aug 1348, bur Abergavenny). He succeeded his father in 1325 as Lord Hastings. His assumption of the title Earl of Pembroke was approved by King Edward III 13 Feb 1339.

m (after 17 Feb 1327) as her first husband, AGNES Mortimer, daughter of ROGER [V] de Mortimer Earl of March & his wife Joan de Geneville (-25 Jul 1368, bur Church of the Minories without Aldgate, London). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey names “Edmundum primogenitum…Rogerum militem, Galfridum…Johannem…Katherinam… Johannam…Agnetam…Margaretam…Matildam… Blanchiam… et Beatricem” as children of “Roger comes et Johanna uxor eius”, adding that Agnes married “domino Johanni Hastyngs comiti Pembrochiæ”[1447]. She married secondly John de Hakelut. The will of "Agnes de Hastings Countess of Pembroke", dated 10 Oct 1367, chose burial “in the church of the Minories without Aldgate, London”, bequeathed property to “John de Hastings my son...Joan my daughter the benefit of the marriage of Ralph de Greystock...Elizabeth Beauchamp...Philipp. Chamberlayne, and Catherine Countess of Warwick my sister”[1448].

Laurence & his wife had two children:

1. JOHN Hastings (Sutton Valence 29 Aug 1347-Picardy 1375, bur Hereford Church of the Friars Preachers). He succeeded his father in 1348 as Earl of Pembroke. The will of "Agnes de Hastings Countess of Pembroke", dated 10 Oct 1367, chose burial “in the church of the Minories without Aldgate, London”, bequeathed property to “John de Hastings my son...Joan my daughter the benefit of the marriage of Ralph de Greystock...Elizabeth Beauchamp...Philipp. Chamberlayne, and Catherine Countess of Warwick my sister”[1449]. The will of "John de Hastings Earl of Pembroke", dated 5 May 1372, proved 17 Jul 1376, chose burial “in the church of St Paul’s London”, bequeathed property to “Ann my...wife...”[1450]. He was captured by the Spanish at La Rochelle 23 Jun 1372, and kept in prison in Spain for nearly three years. Bertrand du Guesclin bought his release and took him to Paris, but he died on the way to Calais[1451]. A second will of "John Hastings Earl of Pembroke", dated 26 Mar 1374, proved 17 Oct 1376, chose burial “in...the monastery of the Friars Preachers of Hereford”[1452]. m firstly (Reading Abbey 19 May 1359) MARGARET of England, daughter of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (Calais or Windsor Castle 20 Jul 1346-soon after 1 Oct 1361, bur Abingdon Abbey, Oxfordshire). m secondly ([Jul or after] 1368) ANNE Mauny, daughter of WALTER Mauny & his wife Margaret Ctss of Norfolk (24 Jul 1355-3 Apr 1384). The will of "Walter Lord of Manney Knight", dated 30 Nov 1371, chose burial “in...the quire of the Carthusians called Our Lady near West Smithfield”, bequeathed property to “Mary my sister a nun...my two bastard daughters nuns...Mailosel and Malplesant...Cishbert my cousin...Margaret Mareschall my...wife...my daughter of Pembroke...”[1453]. She succeeded her father in 1372 as Baroness Mauny. The will of "John de Hastings Earl of Pembroke", dated 5 May 1372, proved 17 Jul 1376, chose burial “in the church of St Paul’s London”, bequeathed property to “Ann my...wife...”[1454]. Earl John & his second wife had one child:

a) JOHN (11 Nov 1372-Woodstock 30/31 Dec 1389, bur Hereford, Church of the Friars Preachers, transferred after Mar 1392 to Church of the Grey Friars, London). He succeeded his father in 1375 as Earl of Pembroke, and his mother in 1384 as Lord Mauny. He was killed while practising for a tournament[1455]. m firstly (Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire 24 Jun 1380, annulled after 24 Sep 1383) as her first husband, ELIZABETH of Lancaster, daughter of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his first wife Blanche of Lancaster (Burford, Shropshire before 21 Feb 1363-24 Nov 1425, bur Burford Church, Shropshire). She deserted her first husband, was seduced by her second husband, JOHN de Holand, later Duke of Exeter, whom she hurriedly married as she was pregnant. She married thirdly (before 12 Dec 1400) as his second wife, John Cornwall. m secondly ([1385]) as her first husband, PHILIPPA Mortimer, daughter of EDMUND [III] Mortimer Earl of March & his wife Philippa of Clarence (Ludlow Castle, Shropshire 21 Nov 1375-Halnaker, Sussex 24 Sep 1401, bur Boxgrove Priory, near Lewes, Sussex). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey names “Philippa” as daughter of “Edmundo comite Marchiæ et Philippa consorte sua”, adding that she was born “apud Loddelowe XXI Nov 1375”, married “domino Radulpho Hastynges comiti Pembrochiæ, postea Ricardo comiti Arundelliæ et ultimo --- domino St John”[1456]. She married secondly (15 Aug 1390) as his second wife, Richard FitzAlan Earl of Arundel, and thirdly ([Apr 1398/24 Nov 1399]) as his second wife, Thomas de Poynings Lord St John of Basing. Her third marriage is confirmed by the will of "Thomas Poynings Lord St John", dated 6 Mar 1428, which chose burial “within the quire of the priory of Boxgrave in Sussex on the north part of the tomb of Lady Philippa sometime Countess of Arundel my wife”[1457].

2. JOAN Hastings (-after 10 Oct 1367). The will of "Agnes de Hastings Countess of Pembroke", dated 10 Oct 1367, chose burial “in the church of the Minories without Aldgate, London”, bequeathed property to “John de Hastings my son...Joan my daughter the benefit of the marriage of Ralph de Greystock...Elizabeth Beauchamp...Philipp. Chamberlayne, and Catherine Countess of Warwick my sister”[1458].

Chapter 11. SALISBURY

Patrick [de Salisbury] was created Earl of Wiltshire by Empress Matilda in [1143], although he was usually styled Earl of Salisbury. His appointment appears to have been unchallenged by King Stephen. His son William FitzPatrick Earl of Salisbury was succeeded by his daughter Ela, who married William Longespee, illegitimate son of King Henry II, who was Earl of Salisbury in 1196 by right of his wife. Ela outlived her children and grandchildren, and in 1261 was succeeded as countess of Salisbury by her great-granddaughter Margaret Longespee who married Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln. Their daughter Alice de Lacy succeeded as countess, but when she died childless in 1348 her heir was William de Montagu Lord Montagu, who was descended from Ela, paternal aunt of Countess Margaret, and her husband James de Audley, and who had been created Earl of Salisbury in 1337 (somewhat anticipating the death of Alice). His descendants succeeded as earls of Salisbury until the death in 1428 of Thomas de Montagu Earl of Salisbury, who was succeeded by his daughter Alice, wife of Richard Neville who was recognised as Earl of Salisbury. The earldom passed to the couple’s son Richard Neville Earl of Warwick, but reverted to the crown when he was killed in 1471 at Barnet. A new grant of the earldom was made the following year in favour of George Plantagenet Duke of Clarence, brother of King Edward IV, who had married the deceased earl’s older daughter. In 1514, George’s daughter Margaret was restored as countess of Salisbury after the attainder of her brother was reversed. She was attainted in 1539, whereupon all her honours and titles were forfeited, and executed.

A. EARLS of SALISBURY [1143]-1261 (de SALISBURY)

EDWARD [I] de Salisbury, son of --- ([before 1055?]-after [1087]). According to the Book of Lacock, “Edwardum, natione Anglicum natum, postea vicecomitem Wiltes” was the son of “Walterus le Ewrus, comes de Rosmar”[1459]. The Complete Peerage describes this supposed father as “a fictitious person” and states that Edward’s parentage is unknown[1460]. Whether Edward was born in England has not been verified. His date of birth is suggested on the assumption that he was already a mature adult when appointed Sheriff of Wiltshire: "...Eadward the sheriff..." witnessed the charter dated Feb 1081 under which Queen Matilda donated land at Garsdon, Wiltshire to Malmesbury St Aldelm[1461]. “Edward the Sheriff” was named in other charters of King William I dated 1082, dated to [1078/83], [1080/86] and [1066/87] (“E. the sheriff”), and [1070/87][1462]. Edward [I]’s holding the sheriffdom is confirmed by the Book of Lacock naming [his son, see below] “Walterum de Saresburia” as son of “Edwardum…vicecomitem Wiltes”[1463]. "...Eadward of Salisbury..." subscribed the charter dated to [1070/83] (marked “spurious, with inflated preamble” in the collection) under which King William I confirmed donations to Selby[1464]. Domesday Book records land held by “Edward of Salisbury” in Walton-on-Thames in Elmbridge Hundred, and in Godalming and Woking Hundreds, Surrey, Bramshott and North Charford in Neathem and Fordingbridge Hundreds respectively in Hampshire, with extensive land-holdings in Wiltshire, Canford Magna and Kinson in Dorset, Great Gaddesden in Danish Hundred and land in Hoddesdon in Hertford Hundred in Hertfordshire (called "Edward the Sheriff" in the title)[1465]. The Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum records "Edward of Salisbury" as witness of three charters of King William II, dated [?1087], although one of the corresponding charters names the witness “Edwardo Episcopo Sar”[1466]. Maybe this reference to “Bishop Edward” is a mistake: British History Online’s list of bishops of Salisbury only names “Hereman”, whose transfer to Salisbury was approved 1074, and his successor “Osmund” who succeeded before 3 Jun 1078 and was recorded as bishop in documents dated 1091, 5 Apr 1092, and 3 Dec 1099[1467]. Edward de Salisbury is not named in any later charters issued during the reign of King William II (as listed in the first volume of the Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum), suggesting that he fell into disfavour or that he died soon after [1087]. ["...Edward the chamberlain" witnessed the charter dated [Feb 1105] addressed by King Henry I to Maurice Bishop of London and the sheriff of Hertford[1468]. C. Johnson and H. A. Cronne (editors of the second volume of the Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum) note that Salter identified this witness as Edward [I] de Salisbury[1469], but no other reference has been found to a chamberlain of that name.] In addition to the sources listed above, numerous documents dated between 1114 and 1129/30 name “Edward de Salisbury”, culminating in the 1129/30 Pipe Roll which records him as deceased. It is suggested that all these sources refer to Edward [II] who is named below. The date of Edward [I]’s death is not known. The [1108/10] charter cited below under his son Walter suggests that he was deceased at that time, otherwise he would presumably have been the addressee of the document. If he was the same person as the unnamed father of Edward [II] de Salisbury (one of the possibilities discussed below), he could have died [1090/95 or before 1100?] (as suggested below) considering the second marriage of Edward [II]’s mother.

m ---. The name of Edward’s wife is not known. The dates of the marriages of Edward’s two known children suggest that their parents married in the late-1070s/early 1080s. If that is correct, this could have been Edward’s second marriage in light of his suggested birth date shown above.

Edward [I] & his wife had two children:

1. MATILDA de Salisbury (-bur Lanthony Priory). The Book of Lacock names “Matildam” as daughter of “Edwardum…vicecomitem Wiltes”, adding that she married “Humphridus de Bohun”[1470]. The estimated date of her marriage suggests that Matilda may have been older than her brother Walter, whose children were probably not born before [1115]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” married “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”, adding that she brought “Weston juxta Salesbury, et Walton, Newenton, Piryton, Staunton, Trobrege…” to her husband[1471]. The Complete Peerage states that the marriage was arranged "at the instance (it is said)" of King William II, citing Dugdale[1472]. m ([1089/99]) HUMPHREY [II] de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY [I] de Bohun Lord of Tatterford, Norfolk & his [third] wife --- (-[1128/29]).

2. WALTER FitzEdward de Salisbury (-1147, bur Bradenstoke Priory[1473]). The Book of Lacock names “Walterum de Saresburia” as son of “Edwardum…vicecomitem Wiltes”[1474]. "...Walter fitz Edward", signing last in a long list, witnessed the charter dated 3 Sep 1101 in which King Henry I confirmed earlier charters for the bishop of Bath as the see for Somerset[1475]. Queen Matilda notified Roger Bishop of Salisbury and "Walter son of Edward...Humphrey de Bohun..." of her concession to “St Aldhelm in augmentation of the [Malmesbury] fair” by charter dated to [1108/10][1476]. King Henry I instructed "William [de Pont de l’Arche] Sheriff of Wiltshire” to summon “Walter of Salisbury” before the hundred court of Kingsbridge about land of the monks of Winchester “which he usurps", by charter dated [1118 ? Oct/Nov][1477]. Sheriff of Wiltshire during the reign of King Henry I[1478]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Walterus de Sireburne" used to hold one knight’s fee from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) and that "comes Patricius" now held the same[1479]. m ([1115/20]) SIBYL de Chaources, daughter of PATRICK [I] de Chaources [Chaworth] & his wife Mathilde de Hesdin (----, bur Bradenstoke Priory[1480]). The Book of Lacock records that “Walterus de Saresburia” married “Sibillam de Cadurcia”[1481]. The date of her marriage can be estimated very approximately from the likely birth date of her son William. Bracton lists a claim by "[Willelmus Comes] Sarr et Ela [uxor eius]" against "Paganum de Chawtesteford in comitatu Gloucestrie" dated 1218, recording that "Patricius de Chawrtes antecessor eiusdem Pagani" gave a manor (unnamed) "[in maritagium] --- Sibilla sua" from whom it descended to "Patricio filio suo et de ipse Patricio --- [patri ipsius] Ele et de ipso Willelmo predicte Ele"[1482]. Walter & his wife had five children:

a) WILLIAM ([before 1120]-after 1 Jul 1143, bur Bradenstoke Priory[1483]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter in the register of St Osmund’s, Salisbury under which "Walterus, Edwardi vicecomitis filius et Sibilla uxor mea et heres noster comes Patricius" donated property for the soul of "Willelmi filii nostri fratris comitis Patricii" in reparation for damage which William had caused the church[1484]. William of Malmesbury names "Willelmum de Salesberia" among those who fought for Empress Matilda at the siege of Winchester in 1141[1485]. This date suggests that William was born before [1120] at the latest. The Gesta Stephani Regis records "Willelmus…civitatis Saresbiriæ præceptor…et municeps" among those who participated in the Earl of Gloucester’s attack on Wilton nunnery, adding that he died after long suffering ("lento…cruciatu tortus"), dated to [1143][1486].

b) PATRICK (-killed in battle Poitou [7 Apr] 1168, bur Poitiers, Abbaye de Saint-Hilaire). The Book of Lacock names “Patricium primum comitem Sarum” as son of “Walterus de Saresburia” and his wife “Sibillam de Cadurcia”[1487]. He was created Earl of Wiltshire by Empress Matilda in [Jul 1143], but was usually styled Earl of Salisbury. “Comes Patricius Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, constructed by “pater meus Walterus de Saresbiria”, for the soul of “Matildis comitissæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[1488]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Walterus de Sireburne" used to hold one knight’s fee from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) and that "comes Patricius" now held the same[1489]. Robert of Torigny records the rebellion in 1168 of "Pictavi et Aquitani ex maiori parte" during the course of which Henry II King of England captured "Lizennoium castrum" where he left "regina cum comite Patricio Salesberiense avunculo Rotrodi comitis Perticensis"[1490]. The Chronicle of Gervase records that "comes Patricius Sareberensis" was killed in 1168 "a Pictavensibus"[1491]. Robert of Torigny records that "comes Patricius" was killed "circa…octavas Paschæ" and buried "Sanctum Hylarium"[1492]. m firstly MATILDA, daughter of ---. “Comes Patricius Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, constructed by “pater meus Walterus de Saresbiria”, for the soul of “Matildis comitissæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[1493]. m secondly as her second husband, ELA de Ponthieu, widow of WILLIAM [III] de Warenne Earl of Surrey, daughter of GUILLAUME [I] "Talvas" Comte d'Alençon & his wife Hélie de Bourgogne [Capet] (-10 Dec 1174). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Willelmum Talavatium” married “Ala...quæ fuerat antea uxor ducis Burgundiæ” [incorrect], and had “duos filios et totidem filias” of whom “altera” married “tertio Willelmi de Warenna comiti...Surreiæ”[1494]. Her second marriage is confirmed by Robert of Torigny who refers to the wife of "comes Patricius" as "filia Guillermi comitis Pontivi, matre comitisse de Warenna"[1495]. Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury wrote to “Alæ comitissæ Warennæ” concerning the retention from the monks of Lewes of tithes from her dower lands, dated to [1162/74][1496]. The register of Lewes priory records the death “IV Id Dec” in 1174 of “domina Ala comitissa Surregiæ filia comitis de Belesme et uxor Willielmi tertii...anno xxvi post virum suum” and states that it is not known where she was buried (“ubi sepulta est nescitur”)[1497]. Earl Patrick & his second wife had four children:

i) WILLIAM FitzPatrick (-[Normandy] 1196, bur Bradenstoke Priory). “Comes Willielmus Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, for the souls of “Elæ comitissæ matris meæ…patris mei comitis Patricii…fratris mei Patricii”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Philippus et Walterus fratres mei…”[1498]. He succeeded his father in 1168 as Earl of Wiltshire, but was always styled Earl of Salisbury. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Willelmus filius comitis Patricii lvi l xvi s, de novo xl s" in Wiltshire in [1171/72][1499]. “Willielmus comes Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, for the souls of “Alianoræ de Viterio comitissæ meæ…Patricii patris mei et Elæ matris meæ et Patricii fratris mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “…Waltero filio meo…”[1500]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death of "Willelmus comes Saresberiensis filius comitis Patricii" in [1196][1501]. The Annals of Margan record the death in 1197 of “Willelmus comes Saresbiriæ”[1502]. The Annals of Worcester record the death in 1197 of “Willelmus comes Sarum”[1503]. The Book of Lacock records that “Ela…pater” died in 1196 and was buried “apud Bradenestok”[1504]. m ([1190]) as her third husband, ELEONORE de Vitré, widow firstly of WILLIAM Paynell of Hambye and secondly of GILBERT Crispin Seigneur de Tillières, daughter of ROBERT de Vitré & his wife Emma de Dinan (-20 Jul [1232/33]). “Willielmus comes Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, for the souls of “Alianoræ de Viterio comitissæ meæ…Patricii patris mei et Elæ matris meæ et Patricii fratris mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “…Waltero filio meo…”[1505]. She married fourthly Gilbert de Malesmains. The Book of Lacock records that “Ela…mater” died two years before her father and was buried “apud Bradenestok”[1506]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "20 Jul" of "Alienor comitissa Salesberiensis"[1507]. William & his wife had [two] children:

(a) [WALTER (-before [1196]). “Willielmus comes Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, for the souls of “Alianoræ de Viterio comitissæ meæ…Patricii patris mei et Elæ matris meæ et Patricii fratris mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “…Waltero filio meo…”[1508]. Bowles & Nichols suggest that he was illegitimate because he is named well down the list of witnesses in this charter[1509].]

(b) ELA ([1191/92]-24 Aug 1261, bur Lacock Abbey). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that Richard I King of England arranged the marriage of "Willelmus comes Saresberiensis filius comitis Patricii…filiam" and "Wilelmo fratri suo notho cum comitatu" in [1196][1510]. She succeeded her father in 1196 as Ctss of Salisbury, suo iuris. “Ela comitissa Sarr.” founded Henton Priory, Somerset, for the soul of “comitis Willielmi patris mei”, by undated charter[1511]. She founded Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire in 1229, where she became a nun 1238. Abbess of Lacock 1240-1257. m (1198) WILLIAM Longespee, illegitimate son of HENRY II King of England & his mistress Ida --- (1176-Salisbury 7 Mar 1226, bur Salisbury Cathedral). Earl of Salisbury 1196 by right of his wife.

ii) PATRICK FitzPatrick (-before 1174). “Comes Willielmus Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, for the souls of “Elæ comitissæ matris meæ…patris mei comitis Patricii…fratris mei Patricii”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Philippus et Walterus fratres mei…”[1512].

iii) PHILIP FitzPatrick . “Comes Willielmus Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, for the souls of “Elæ comitissæ matris meæ…patris mei comitis Patricii…fratris mei Patricii”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Philippus et Walterus fratres mei…”[1513].

iv) WALTER FitzPatrick . “Comes Willielmus Sarum” donated property to Bradenstoke priory, for the souls of “Elæ comitissæ matris meæ…patris mei comitis Patricii…fratris mei Patricii”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Philippus et Walterus fratres mei…”[1514].

c) HAWISE ([1120]-13 Jan before 1152). William of Tyre refers to Rotrou's marriage with the sister of Earl Patrick after the marriage of his daughter Philippa[1515]. Philippa’s marriage is dated to [1120]. The chronology of Hawise’s children suggests their births after [1135/40] at the earliest. If that is correct, Hawise would presumably have been an infant if she had married soon after [1120]. It appears more likely that the marriage took place in the early 1130s, which would place Hawise’s birth in [1120], which would suggest that she was one of her parents’ older children. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the first wife of "comitem de Brana Robertum domnum" as "matrem…comitis Rotroldi de Pertico, natam de Salesberia"[1516]. Robert of Torigny records that "uxorem…suam [comitis Perticensis Rotrodi]" was later given by "Ludovicus rex Francorum [to] Roberto fratri suo"[1517]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "Id Jan" of "Amicia comitissa Perticensis mater Rotrodi militis"[1518], although if this entry correctly refers to Hawise it is surprising that there is no reference which would indicate her second marriage. m firstly (after [1120]) as his third wife, ROTROU Comte du Perche, son of GEOFFROY I Comte de Mortagne, Comte du Perche & his wife Béatrix de Roucy (-killed in battle Rouen [20 Jan/23 Apr] 1144). m secondly ([1144/45]) as his first wife, ROBERT de France, son of LOUIS VI King of France & his wife Adélaïde de Maurienne [Savoie] ([1124/26]-Braine 11 Oct 1188, bur Braine, église abbatiale de Saint-Ived). His brother King Louis VI installed him as Seigneur de Dreux in 1152.

d) WALTER . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Canon at Bradenstoke.

e) SIBYL . The early 13th century Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal records that John divorced his first wife and married "damesele Sibire la sorur le cunte Patriz"[1519]. m (before [1144]) as his second wife, JOHN FitzGilbert, the Marshal, son of GILBERT the Marshal & his wife --- (-before Nov 1165).

The separate existence of Edward [II] de Salisbury is suggested by Orderic Vitalis’s description of him as flag-bearer in 1119, as noted below. Prévost identifies the flag-bearer as Edward [I] de Salisbury, but presumably the flag-bearer position in the army would have required a person of force and energy, while Edward [I] would then have been over 65 years old (see above). Another possibility therefore is that the flag-bearer was “Edward [II] de Salisbury”. If that is correct, all references to “Edward de Salisbury”, dated between 1114 and 1130, would relate to Edward [II]. It should be noted that the Complete Peerage attributes none of these later documents to Edward [I], suggesting only that he “survived the Conqueror”[1520], although it makes no mention of these later sources at all. The likelihood of the existence of Edward [II] is also indicated by the [1108/10] charter of Queen Matilda, cited above under Walter FitzEdward de Salisbury, which is addressed to Walter and Edward [I]’s son-in-law Humphrey de Bohun: presumably, Edward [I] would have been the addressee if he had been alive or in full capacity at that time.

No document has been found which names the father of Edward [II]. Assuming that he belonged to the same family as Edward [I] de Salisbury (which remains unconfirmed), the possibilities include (1) that he was a brother or other close relative, or (2) that he was in fact Edward [I] himself, the wife shown below being his later wife and not the mother of his two known children Matilda and Walter.

The two marriages of Edward [II]’s mother are confirmed by the 1202 document cited below, the chronological difficulties associated with which are discussed below under [---/Edward [III]?] de Salisbury. Round suggested a possible family link between Edward [II]’s mother and “Ralf fitz Hubert” recorded in Domesday as holding Dalby on the Wolds[1521], property which was recorded in the Leicestershire Survey cited below in the hands of her son. In another place, Round suggests a connection between the family of [---/Edward [III]?] de Salisbury and Hubert FitzRalph, noting that “Hubert Fitz Ralf” returned in 1166 “as of thirty fees” and that Leonie ([---/Edward [III]?]’s daughter) appeared with [a presumably later] “Hubert Fitz Ralf...as holding 15 fees each” during the reign of King John. Round also linked these two entries to the [1186/87] record in the Red Book of the Exchequer which names Leonie’s son Henri d’Estouteville[1522]. Andrew Lancaster highlights that the [1129] charter cited below also suggests a Salisbury/FitzHubert connection as Sidney Painter confirmed that the Meisnil family were also tenants of the FitzHubert barony as shown by “the 1166 carta of Hubert Fitz Ralph”[1523]. A different possibility altogether is that the Salisbury/FitzHubert connection was not through Edward [II]’s mother but his wife, whose origin is not known as indicated below.

1. --- [de Salisbury] (-[1090/95] or [before 1100]?]). m as her first husband, MATILDA, daughter of --- (-after Midsummer 1141). She married secondly [as his second wife?,] Hasculf de Tany. Her two marriages are confirmed by the 1202 (dated “apud Northampton...in Octab’ Nativitatis Beate Marie A^o Regni Regis Joh’is 4^to”) claim brought by “Robertus de Brettevill” against “abbatem de Osulveston”, relating to “ecclesiam de Guneby [Lincolnshire]...advocatio”, which “Gradelent de Taneie...miles” asserted belonged to “Willelmum Grimband et ei debet descendere ut nepoti Alardi”, whereas the claimant said that “Edwardi de Salebir qui frater primogenitum fuit eiusdem Graelant” had “filiam...Leoniam” who married “Robertus de Stutevill” who recovered “terram de Guneby” from “eundem Graelent” in the court of King Henry II and had granted “medietatem terre illi p servicio suo et medietatem in maritagium” to the claimant[1524]. Her name and the names of her second husband and their son are confirmed by the Chronicle of Bermondsey which records in 1107 that “Matildis uxor Asculphi,, et Graaldus filius” donated “ecclesiam de Fifhide” to Bermondsey and confirmed “decimis ejusdem villæ...quas dedit eis Rogerus miles Johannis filii Waleranni” (referring back to an earlier entry dated 1094)[1525]. An undated charter of King Henry II confirmed donations to Bermondsey, including those of “ecclesiam de Benyngh, quam dedit eis Reginaldus de Taney, filiis suis concedentibus” and “ecclesiam de Fifhida” donated by “Matildis uxor Hasculfi de Tany, et Graalandus filius eius”[1526]: the parentage of Reynold de Tany has not been confirmed but, if he was Hasculf’s son, it has not been confirmed either that Matilda was his mother. Presumably “Graalandus” was the couple’s only son in 1107, hence the suggestion that Matilda may have been Hasculf’s second wife: Reynold could have been born either from an earlier marriage of Hasculf, or to Matilda after 1107. The Chronicle of Bermondsey records the donation of “ecclesiam de Bengehoo” by “Raynoldus de Tanney” in 1156[1527]. Andrew Lancaster cites other sources which name Hasculf de Tany, dated between [1115/17] and [1136/37], which suggest that the chronology of his life is consistent with the dating of the 1107 donation cited above[1528]. A charter of Empress Matilda, dated Midsummer 1141, confirms property to Geoffrey de Mandeville, including “feodum...quam Hasculf[us] de Tania tenuit in Anglia dia qua fuit (vivus et) mortuus, quam tenet Graeleng[us] et mater sua...xx militum”[1529]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1161/62, records "...Gralent de Tany, ii m..." in Essex/Hertford[1530]. One child:

a) EDWARD [II] de Salisbury ([1090/95?]-[1129/30]). “...Ewardi de Salesberiis” witnessed the 1114 charter of King Henry I which confirmed donations to Bocherville Saint-Georges[1531]: his birth date is estimated on the assumption that Edward was a young adult at the time of this charter. "...Edward of Salisbury" witnessed the charter dated [Oct?] 1118 in which King Henry I confirmed an agreement involving Savigny[1532]. Orderic Vitalis names "Eduardus de Salesburia" as flag-bearer ("portavit vexillum") at the battle of Brémule, near Etampes, against Louis VI King of France 20 Aug 1119[1533]. "...Edward of Salisbury" witnessed other charters of King Henry I dated [7/13 Mar] [1120], [11 Jan 1121], [Mar 1121], [Apr/May] 1121, [1121/22], [1123/26], and 1126[1534]. The Leicestershire Survey, dated to [Spring 1124/Autumn 1129], records “In eadem villa ix. car. de feodo Edwardi de sar[esbiria], Comes Lercestrie iii. car” in Gosecote Wapentake, “Hundredum de Dalbia super Wald” [Dalby on the Wolds][1535]. By charter dated to [1129], King Henry I notified the archbishop of York, the bishops of Chester and Lincoln, “and all of Derbyshire, Notts., Leicestershire” of his grant to "Gilbert de Meinil (Mainiuill)” of “all the land of his father, which Ralph his brother held at the date of his death from any lord, as Edward of Salisbury the lord of those lands granted to them"[1536]. "...Edward of Salisbury" witnessed the charter dated to [1130] which records an order by King Henry I to the prior of St. Albans[1537]. Edward [II]’s precise date of death has not been found but, assuming that his wife is correctly shown below, he died before the [1129/30] Pipe Roll entry cited below in which she is named. [m firstly ([before 1118/20?]) --- (-[1120/28?]). See the document UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY P-S, Section RAMES, for the discussion about the identity of Adelisa de Rames, wife of Pain de Hocton, who are both named by their daughter Matilda de Hocton in an undated charter. One of the possibilities is that Adelisa was the same person as the unnamed widow of Edward [II] who is named below in the 1129/30 Pipe Roll, and that she was the daughter of William [I] de Rames. However, if that is correct, her supposed niece, daughter of Roger [II] de Rames, would have married [---/Edward [III]?] de Salisbury, who is shown below as Edward [II]’s possible son: a marriage between first cousins is unlikely to have been permitted by the church. One solution to this difficulty would be if [---/Edward [III]?] was Edward [II]’s son by an earlier marriage. It should be emphasised that this accumulation of uncertainties leaves this earlier marriage as only a remote possibility.] m [secondly?] as her first husband, ---, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Edward [II]’s wife has not been identified. She married secondly ([1130/31]) [as his first/second wife?,] Pain de Hocton [Houghton/Haughton?]. Her two marriages are indicated by the 1129/30 Pipe Roll which records “Willelmus de Hoctona” rendering for the debts of “terra Ric de Edintona” and for “uxore Eduardi Sar cum terra sua ad opus Pag fil sui”, followed by “Paganus de Hoctona” rendering [to marry] “uxore Eduardi Sar”, all in Northamptonshire[1538]. No primary source has been found which confirms the family origin of Edward [II]’s wife. The possible Salisbury/FitzHubert family connection, discussed above in the introduction to Edward [II], could presumably have been either through his mother or his wife.

The parentage of [---/Edward [III]?], father of Leonie [de Stuteville], is indicated by the 1202 claim brought by “Robertus de Brettevill” against “abbatem de Osulveston”, relating to “ecclesiam de Guneby [Lincolnshire]...advocatio”, which “Gradelent de Taneie...miles” asserted belonged to “Willelmum Grimband et ei debet descendere ut nepoti Alardi”, whereas the claimant said that “Edwardi de Salebir qui frater primogenitum fuit eiusdem Graelant” had “filiam...Leoniam” who married “Robertus de Stutevill” who recovered “terram de Guneby” from “eundem Graelent” in the court of King Henry II and had granted “medietatem terre illi p servicio suo et medietatem in maritagium” to the claimant[1539]. However, if this text is read literally, [---/Edward [III]?] was the son of Matilda, shown above as the mother of Edward [II]. Considering the likely date of [---/Edward [III]?]’s marriage shown below (which is consistent both with the suggested birth date of his wife and with the chronology of the Estouteville family of his daughter’s husband) it is chronologically impossible for [---/Edward [III]?] to have been the same person as Edward [II], who is recorded as deceased in the 1129/30 Pipe Roll as indicated above. The suggestion therefore is that [---/Edward [III]?] was the son of Edward [II], either by his wife noted above or by an earlier otherwise unrecorded wife, or even his nephew, and that the summary of the 1202 claim omitted a generation when stating that “Edwardi de Salebir qui frater primogenitum fuit eiusdem Graelant” had “filiam...Leoniam” who married “Robertus de Stutevill”. This suggestion could also be consistent with the Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 which records “uxor Roberti de Stuteville…de parentela Edwardi de Salisburia ex parte patris"[1540]: the use of “parentela...” (more normally denoting kinship rather than parenthood) being explained if “Edwardi de Salisburia” was Edward [II] and not Leonie’s father. It should be noted that no source has been found which specifically names Leonie’s father, except for this uncertain reference in the Rotuli de Dominabus, hence the clumsy “[---/Edward [III]?]” which is used below.

1. [---/EDWARD [III]?] de Salisbury, son of [?EDWARD [II] de Salisbury & his [first/second] wife ---] ([1118/20?]-[1145/48?]). [---/Edward [III]?] is not named in any of the charters dated in the last five years of King Henry I’s reign (1131/35) or during the reign of King Stephen (as summarised in the second and third volumes of the Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum), suggesting that he was too young to participate in court activities before his marriage (estimated to [1140/45?] as shown below) and that he died early before he consolidated his position. If that suggestion is correct, he may have been born [1118/20], and died [1145/48?]. His early death is also suggested by the absence of other recorded children except those shown below. [It is uncertain whether the following documents relate to [---/Edward [III]?] or to his possible son Edward [IV], although the latter is more likely if, as suggested above, [---/Edward [III]?] died in the late 1140s: “Evrard de Salesberiis” donated “certain men [named] and their rents” to Bocherville Saint-Georges by undated charter[1541], while “Robert de Estotevilla” notified that “Evrard de Salesberiis” had donated rents from “hospites at Rames” to Bocherville Saint-Georges and that he, at the request of “his wife Leonia”, substituted “a rentcharge...on his mill...on the bank of the Biuredan”, for which the monks would receive him and his wife into the fellowship of the abbey, by undated charter, witnessed by “...Nicholao fratre eius, et Willelmo et Ricardo fratribus suis...”[1542].] m ([1140/45?]) --- de Rames, daughter of ROGER [II] de Rames & his wife --- de Vere ([1126/31?]-). Her descent from the Rames family is confirmed by the 1185 Rotuli de Dominabus in which her daughter Leonie was “uxor Roberti de Stuteville...de parentela Edwardi de Salisburia ex parte patris, et ex parte matris est de progenie Rogeri de Reimes”. The distinction between the Rotuli’s “de parentela”, more normally indicating “kinship”, for her father, and “de progenie” for her mother could probably be interpreted as meaning that Leonie’s mother was the daughter of “Rogeri de Reimes” (the difficulty with “parentela” in relation to her father is highlighted above), who would therefore have been Roger [II] de Rames (the chronology would be impossible for Roger [I] de Rames to have been Leonie’s father). Père Anselme reached the same conclusion, naming "Leonelle dame de Rames, sœur et héritière de Robert seigneur de Rames" [assumed to be Robert [II]] as the wife of Robert d’Estouteville (no source cited)[1543]. On the other hand, Europäische Stammtafeln names “Leonia of Salisbury Dame de Rames, of Dedham, Essex and Bourne, Cambridgeshire” as daughter of “Edward & Andelize de Rames”[1544]. Morandière makes another suggestion, also inconsistent with the Rotuli, saying that Leonie was "fille d’Erard seigneur de Rames et de Marguerite de Lannery" and that Leonie succeeded to her family properties (principally “honor Ramarum” on the edge of Lillebonne forest) after her brother died, while also listing the properties donated by her husband which he says came from his wife[1545]. Follow her hyperlink for discussion about whether [---/Edward [III]?] de Salisbury’s wife was named “Adelisa”, in which case he would have been her first husband. Round doubts that her daughter Leonie [d’Estouteville] (and Alice de Tanay, discussed in the Rames section of the document UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY P-S) were the "true co-heirs of the fief of Raimes", stating that "they were merely under-tenants of that fief, Leonia holding one knight’s fee from the tenants of the whole fief..."[1546]. However, Leonie was named “de Rennes/de Reynes” in charters for Welbeck abbey issued by her (see below) and by her son Henri d’Estouteville, which suggests that she acquired a greater part of the Rames fief than indicated by Round. In addition, Morandière lists numerous properties in “honor Ramarum” in Normandy, donated by Robert d’Estouteville, husband of Leonie[1547], which suggests that Leonie was the principal heiress of at least the French part of Rames (through her mother). [---/Edward [III]?] & his wife had [two] children:

a) [EDWARD [IV] de Salisbury . It is uncertain whether Edward [IV] was a different person from [---/Edward [III]?], as the following documents could refer to either, although the former is more likely if, as suggested above, [---/Edward [III]?] died in the late 1140s. “Evrard de Salesberiis” donated “certain men [named] and their rents” to Bocherville Saint-Georges by undated charter[1548], while “Robert de Estotevilla” notified that “Evrard de Salesberiis” had donated rents from “hospites at Rames” to Bocherville Saint-Georges and that he, at the request of “his wife Leonia”, substituted “a rentcharge...on his mill...on the bank of the Biuredan”, for which the monks would receive him and his wife into the fellowship of the abbey, by undated charter, witnessed by “...Nicholao fratre eius, et Willelmo et Ricardo fratribus suis...”[1549]. It should be noted that Morandière says that Leonie succeeded to her family properties (principally “honor Ramarum” on the edge of Lillebonne forest) after her brother died (although he misidentifies her parentage)[1550].]

b) LEONIE de Salisbury ([1141/47?]-13 Jul [1214/15]). Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Valmont, including donations by "Roberti de Stuteville…Leonie uxoris predicti Roberti…Willelmi de Stuteville…Nicolai de Stuteville…Ricardi de Stuteville", by charter dated to [1177/89][1551]. “Robert de Estotevilla” notified that “Evrard de Salesberiis” had donated rents from “hospites at Rames” to Bocherville Saint-Georges and that he, at the request of “his wife Leonia”, substituted “a rentcharge...on his mill...on the bank of the Biuredan”, for which the monks would receive him and his wife into the fellowship of the abbey, by undated charter, witnessed by “...Nicholao fratre eius, et Willelmo et Ricardo fratribus suis...”[1552]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records “uxor Roberti de Stuteville…de parentela Edwardi de Salisburia ex parte patris et ex parte matris est de progenie Rogeri de Reimes”, that she had “i villam…Diham que est hereditas eius, que valet annuatim xxiii libras”, and had "i filium et ii filias, et nescitur eorum etas"[1553]. This Rotuli entry misrecords the number of Leonie’s children: the Welbeck abbey source cited under her husband’s oldest son and successor, Henri d’Estouteville, confirms that Leonie was his mother and, as she survived her husband, she must have been the mother of all his other children. No explanation has been found for this error, unless the Rotuli only recorded her children who were still under age at the time. “Leonia de Rennes” confirmed the donation of “villa de Dukmanton” made to Welbeck abbey by “Richardis Basset militis mei” by undated charter[1554], later confirmed by her son Henri d’Estouteville. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Leonia de Stuteville" paying "ii m et dimidiam de parte sua de honore de Brunne" in Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire[1555]. The same record lists "Gilbertus Peche" as paying "dimidiam de honore de Brunne", which suggests a family relationship between the two which has not yet been traced. "Leonia que fuit uxor Rob de Stutevill" paid a fine for "seisina tota terra sua…disseisita pro perceptu dñi Reg occoe filii eiusd Leon q est in Norm…et pro…manerio de Barton", in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, dated 1204[1556]. Round records “Hubert Fitz Ralf” returning in 1166 “as of thirty fees” and Leonie appearing with [a presumably later] “Hubert Fitz Ralf...as holding 15 fees each” during the reign of King John, linking these two entries to the [1186/87] record in the Red Book of the Exchequer, cited under Leonie’s son Henri d’Estouteville[1557]: the Salisbury/“FitzRalph” connection is discussed above under her supposed paternal grandmother. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Leonia de Stuteville" holding half of one knight’s fee "in Biham [=Dedham? see the next extract]…honor de Reimes" in Essex, Hertfordshire, and 15 knights’ fees in Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, in [1210/12][1558]. The Testa de Nevill records "Leonia de Stutevill tenet feodum unius militis in Byh[a]m [=Dedham, according to Round] unde debet facere unam medietatem heredi Ricardi de Reymes et alteram medietatem heredi Willelmi de Reymes", undated[1559]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Leoyna de Stuteville et Illaria Trussebute et Gulbertus Peche" holding land in "honor Peverelli de Dovere" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][1560]. Morandière records "l’Obit de Dame Lyonne" at Valmont 13 Jul[1561]. Europäische Stammtafeln dates her death to “1214/15”[1562]. The primary source which confirms this date has not been found. m ([1158/63?]) ROBERT [IV] d’Estouteville, son of NICOLAS [I] d’Estouteville & his wife Juliane --- (-[1183 or 1185], bur Valmont).

B. EARLS of SALISBURY 1196-[1310] (LONGESPEE)

WILLIAM Longespee, illegitimate son of HENRY II King of England & his mistress Ida --- (1176-Salisbury 7 Mar 1226, bur Salisbury Cathedral). Earl of Salisbury 1196 by right of his wife. Matthew Paris names “Willelmus...frater regis et comes Sareberiensis, Albericus de Ver comes Oxoniensis, G[aufridus] filius Petri Angliæ justiciarius...” among the "consiliarios iniquissimos” of King John[1563]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1226 of "Willelmus comes Sarisburiæ, frater regis Ricardi et Johannis"[1564]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comes Salebiriæ” was shipwrecked off Brittany in 1225 while returning from Gascony and died a few days after arriving in England[1565]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1226 of “W. comes Saresberiæ”[1566]. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1226 of “Willelmus cognomento Longa Spata comes Sarisbiriensis”[1567]. The Book of Lacock records the death “1226…Non Mar” of “Guillelmus Lungespe” and his burial “apud Sarum”[1568].

m (1196) ELA Ctss of Salisbury, daughter & heiress of WILLIAM FitzPatrick Earl of Salisbury & his wife Eléonore de Vitré ([1191/92]-24 Aug 1261, bur Lacock Abbey). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that Richard I King of England arranged the marriage of "Willelmus comes Saresberiensis filius comitis Patricii…filiam" and "Wilelmo fratri suo notho cum comitatu" in [1196][1569]. She succeeded her father in 1196 as Ctss of Salisbury, suo iuris. She founded Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire in 1229, where she became a nun 1238. Abbess of Lacock 1240-1257. The Book of Lacock records that “Ela uxor eius” founded the monasteries at Lacock and Henton, became a nun at Lacock (abbess in 1257 when aged 70), died in 1261 and was buried at Lacock[1570].

William & his wife had nine children:

1. WILLIAM Longespee (before 1209-killed in battle Mansurah 7 Feb 1250). The Book of Lacock names “Guillelmus Longespe secundus…Ricardum…Stephanum…Nicholaum” as the sons of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”, adding that William died on Crusade in 1249[1571]. Matthew Paris records him as the son of "Hela"[1572]. He was sometimes known as Earl of Salisbury, but was never so created as he predeceased his mother. Bracton records a claim, dated 1231, by "Willelmus Longespei et Idonea uxor eius" against "Oliuero de Ayncurt et Nicholæ uxori eius" concerning "manerium de Dudingtona", inherited from "Nicholaæ de Haya avie ipsius Idonee cuius heres ipsa est"[1573]. He left England on the crusade of Louis IX King of France in 1249, Matthew Paris specifying that he received the blessing of "matris suæ nobilis" (though without giving his mother's name)[1574]. His death is recorded by Matthew Paris[1575]. m (after 22 Apr 1216) IDOINE de Camville, daughter & heiress of RICHARD [III] de Camville & his wife Eustachia Basset (-[1 Jan 1250/1/21 Sep 1252]). King John notified the sheriff of Oxford of permission for “W Com Sarr...ad op Willi fil sui primogeniti de Ela ux sua comitissa Sarr” to marry “filie Ric de Campvill genite de Eustach que fuit filia Gilebti Basset ux ipsius Ric”, dated 22 Apr 1216[1576]. The Book of Lacock names “Idonea Candoill (esset Camvile)” as wife of “Guill Lungespee secundus”[1577]. Bracton records a claim, dated 1231, by "Willelmus Longespei et Idonea uxor eius" against "Oliuero de Ayncurt et Nicholæ uxori eius" concerning "manerium de Dudingtona", inherited from "Nicholaæ de Haya avie ipsius Idonee cuius heres ipsa est"[1578]. William & his wife had four children:

a) WILLIAM Longespee (-[Dec 1256/Jan 1257]). The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric’um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife[1579]. He died from injuries received in a tournament at Blyth, Nottinghamshire 4 Jun 1256. m ([1254]) as her first husband, MATILDA de Clifford, daughter and heiress of WALTER de Clifford of Clifford Castle, Herefordshire & his wife Margaret of Wales (-[Dec 1282/9 May 1285]). The Book of Lacock names “Matildam filiam d’ni Walteri de Clifford” as wife of “Guill. Lungespee tertius, filius Guill. Lungespee secundi”[1580]. "Walterus de Clifford filius Walteri de Clifford et Agnetis de Cundy" donated land in Cofham to Acornbury priory, Herefordshire, also donated by "Katherinæ filiæ Walteri de Lacy", for the souls of “Margaretæ uxoris meæ et dominæ Mathildis filiæ meæ” by undated charter[1581]. “Matildis de Lungespe, filia et hæres domini Walteri de Clifford” confirmed donations of property to Shrewsbury abbey, by “patris mei…Walterus de Clifford filius Walteri de Clifford, et Agnetis de Cundy” witnessed by “Egidio de Clifford fratre meo”, by undated charter[1582]. She married secondly ([1271]) as his [first/second] wife, John Giffard, later Lord Giffard. The Complete Peerage records the circumstances surrounding Matilda’s second marriage[1583]. William & his wife had one child:

i) MARGARET Longespee ([1255]-[8 Oct 1306/16 Jun 1310]). The Book of Lacock names “Margaretam” as only daughter of “Guill. Lungespee tertius, filius Guill. Lungespee secundi” & his wife, adding that she married “d’no Henrico de Lacy comiti Lincolniæ”[1584]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Henricum Lacy comitem Lincolniæ” married “filia comitis Sarum”[1585]. A document dated 23 Dec 1256 confirmed the agreement for the marriage between "Edmund de Lacy...Henry [his] firstborn son and heir" and "William Lungespe...Margaret [his] firstborn daughter and heir", noting that “if Henry die before contracting the said marriage, then John the younger son of Edmund shall marry her”[1586]. She succeeded her great-grandmother in 1261 as Ctss of Salisbury suo iure, although she never used this title. m (contract 23 Dec 1256 or before, before 1 Jun 1268) as his first wife, HENRY de Lacy, son of EDMUND de Lacy Earl of Lincoln & his wife Alicia di Saluzzo (6 or 13 Jan 1251-Holborn 5 Feb 1311, bur 28 Feb 1311 St Paul's London). He succeeded his father in 1258 as Earl of Lincoln.

b) RICHARD Longespee (-before 27 Dec 1261). The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric’um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife[1587]. Canon of Sarum. A writ dated 27 Dec "46 Hen III", after the death of "Richard Lunespeye" records his inheritance of "Brumleghe manor [Surrey]…" from his wife[1588]. m as her first husband, ALICE le Rus, daughter of WILLIAM le Rus of Stinton, Norfolk & his wife Agatha de Clere of Bramley, Surrey (25 Dec 1245 or 1247-before 28 Jan 1301, bur Woodbridge Priory). A writ dated 27 Dec "46 Hen III", after the death of "Richard Lunespeye" records that "Brumleghe manor [Surrey] was held…by John de Fay…after whose death it was parted between his two sisters Maud and Philippa…from Maud issued a daughter Agatha and from her Alice who was the wife of the said Richard (and still survives)"[1589]. She married secondly Richard de Briouse.

c) ELA Longespee (-shortly before 22 Nov 1299). The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric’um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife, adding that Ela married “Jacobus de Audele”[1590]. Inquisitions after a writ dated 25 Dec "11 Edw I" following the death of "William de Auditheleye...” name “Nicholas his brother is his next heir and of full age...Ela his mother...Lucy late the wife of Henry de Audethele”[1591]. m (1244) JAMES de Audley of Heleigh, Staffordshire, son of HENRY de Aldithley & his wife Bertrade Mainwaring ([1220]-11 Jun [1272]).

d) EDMUND Longespee . The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric’um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife[1592].

2. IDA Longespee (after 1206-after 1260). William Earl of Salisbury granted the manor of Belcham to "William de Beauchamp…with Ida his daughter, who was the wife of Ralph de Sumeri" dated 1220[1593]. It is likely that Ida was still a child at the time of her first marriage. Ida’s mother’s birth can be dated with reasonable accuracy to [1191/92], as Gilbert Crispin who was the second husband of Ida’s maternal grandmother died in 1190. If that is correct, it is unlikely that Ida was born before 1206, assuming that she was the oldest child of her parents (of which there is no proof). m firstly RALPH [III] de Somery Baron of Dudley, son of RALPH [II] de Somery & his wife Margaret Crassus (-before 1220). m secondly ([1220]) as his second wife, WILLIAM de Beauchamp Baron of Bedford, son of JOHN de Beauchamp & his wife --- (-1260).

3. RICHARD Longespee (-bur Lacock Abbey). The Book of Lacock names “Guillelmus Longespe secundus…Ricardum…Stephanum… Nicholaum” as the sons of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”, adding that Richard was “Canonicus Sarum” and was buried “apud Lacock”[1594].

4. STEPHEN Longespee (-bur Lacock Abbey). The Book of Lacock names “Guillelmus Longespe secundus…Ricardum…Stephanum… Nicholaum” as the sons of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”, adding that Stephen was “Com Ulton” and was buried “apud Lacock”[1595]. Seneschal of Gascony, Justiciar of Ireland. "Stephen Lungespee and Emelina his wife and her heirs" were granted "a yearly fair at their manor of Tristeldermod in Ireland" dated 16 Jun 1248[1596]. m ([16 May/14 Dec] 1244) as her second husband, EMMELINE de Rydeleford, widow of HUGH de Lacy Earl of Ulster, daughter of WALTER de Rydeleford Lord of Bray & his wife Annora --- (-[18 May 1275/19 Jul 1276]). The Book of Lacock records that “Stephanus Lungespee” married “Emelinam comitissam de Ulton”[1597]. A charter dated 8 Feb 1243 records that "if A. who was wife of Hugh de Lacy will not take for her husband Stephen Longespee, as the king had requested her, the justiciary shall distrain her to do so in accordance with the custom of Ireland"[1598]. A charter dated 25 Apr 1243 mandates "the justiciary of Ireland to cause Emelina, who was the wife of Hugh de Lacy, to have out of his lands in Ulster 40 librates, until he shall otherwise provide for her"[1599]. A charter dated 16 May 1244 restored to "Emeline Countess of Ulster…all [her] inheritance from Walter de Rydeleford her father whose heir she is and…dower out of the lands…in Ireland of Hugh late Earl of Ulster her husband"[1600]. A charter dated 16 Dec 1244 orders an enquiry into "what lands Walter de Rideleford, grandfather of Christiana daughter and one of the heirs of Robert de Mariscia, was seised in fee at his death" and "what lands fell to the share of Christiana and what to that of the Countess of Ulster, aunt of Christiana and wife of Stephen Longespee", and to grant seisin of Christiana’s share to "Fulk de Newcastle…[to whom] the king has granted…Christiana’s lands with her marriage"[1601]. "Stephen Lungespee and Emelina his wife and her heirs" were granted "a yearly fair at their manor of Tristeldermod in Ireland" dated 16 Jun 1248[1602]. A writ dated 20 Jul "4 Edw I", following the death of "Emelina countess of Ulster" names "Emelina the wife of Maurice son of Maurice and daughter of the said countess aged 24 and more and Alan son of Roger la Zouche who had to wife Ela elder daughter of the said countess aged 8 are her heirs”[1603]. Stephen & his wife had two children:

a) ELA Longespee (-before 19 Jul 1276). The Book of Lacock names “Elam de la Souch…Emelinam” as the children of “Stephanus Lungespee” and his wife “Emelinam comitissam de Ulton”, adding that Ela married “Rogerus de la Souch”, by whom she had “Alanus de la Souch, qui duxit…Alianoram filiam Nicholai de Segrave, de qua genuit Elam, Matildam, Elizabetham, Rogerum de la Souche”[1604]. A writ dated 20 Jul "4 Edw I", following the death of "Emelina countess of Ulster" names "Emelina the wife of Maurice son of Maurice and daughter of the said countess aged 24 and more and Alan son of Roger la Zouche who had to wife Ela elder daughter of the said countess aged 8 are her heirs”[1605]. m (before 1267) ROGER [II] la Zouche Lord of Ashby, son of ALAN [II] la Zouche & his wife Elena de Quincy ([1240/42]-before 15 Oct 1284).

b) EMMELINE Longespee ([1251/52]-19 May 1331). The Book of Lacock names “Elam de la Souch…Emelinam” as the children of “Stephanus Lungespee” and his wife “Emelinam comitissam de Ulton”, adding that Emmeline married “Mauritio filio Mauritii”[1606]. A writ dated 20 Jul "4 Edw I", following the death of "Emelina countess of Ulster" names "Emelina the wife of Maurice son of Maurice and daughter of the said countess aged 24 and more and Alan son of Roger la Zouche who had to wife Ela elder daughter of the said countess aged 8 are her heirs”[1607]. Inquisitions made after a writ dated 10 Apr "14 Edw II", after the death of "Thomas son of Richard de Clare", record land in Ireland "Kinsale...which Emeline late the wife of Maurice son of Maurice holds in dower”[1608]. A writ dated 23 May "5 Edw III", following the death of "Emelina Longespe or de Lungespe", names "Robert de Holond and Maud his wife” and “the said Maud aged 40 years is her next heir”, while a second writ dated 3 Jan “6 Edw III” and inquisitions dated 9 Mar “7 Edw III” state that Emmeline died “on Whitsunday 5 Edward III” and that “Maud sometime the wife of Robert de Houlond...and Helen her sister both aged 40 years and more are next heirs of the said Emelina”[1609]. m as his second wife, MAURICE Fitzmaurice, son of MAURICE FitzGerald Baron of Offaly & his wife Juliana --- (-1286).

5. NICHOLAS Longespee (-1297, bur Salisbury Cathedral). The Book of Lacock names “Guillelmus Longespe secundus…Ricardum… Stephanum…Nicholaum” as the sons of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”, adding that Nicholas was “Ep’us Sarum” and was buried “apud Sarum”[1610]. Bishop of Salisbury 1291-1297.

6. ISABEL Longespee (-before 1244, bur Alnwick Abbey). The Book of Lacock names “Isabellam de Vescy…Elam…Idam de Camyle” as the daughters of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”[1611]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. m (shortly after 16 May 1226) as his first wife, WILLIAM de Vescy Lord of Alnwick, son of EUSTACHE de Vescy & his wife Margaret of Scotland (-in Gascony shortly before 7 Oct 1253, bur Watton Priory, Yorkshire).

7. PETRONILLA Longespee (-buried Bradenstoke Priory). The Book of Lacock names “Petronillam” second in a list of the daughters of “Guillelmo Longespe”, adding that she died “in virginitate” and was buried “apud Bradenestok”[1612].

8. ELA Longespee (-9 Feb 1298, bur Oseney Abbey, Oxon). The Book of Lacock names “Isabellam de Vescy…Elam…Idam de Camyle” as the daughters of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”, adding that Ela married “Comes Warwik, et postea Philippus Basset” but was childless[1613]. A writ dated 5 Feb "28 Hen III", after the death of Thomas Earl of Warwick, assigns two parts of his fees to "John de Plesseto and Margery his wife, sister and heir of the said earl" and one part to "Ela late his wife in dower"[1614]. Pope Innocent IV issued a dispensation to “Ela de Warwick of the diocese of Worcester to contract marriage with Philip son of Alan knight who is connected with her in the third degree of affinity”, dated 13 Nov 1254[1615]. Pope Alexander IV issued an indult to “Philip knight son of Alan deceased of the diocese of London and his wife Ela de Warwec...to remain in the marriage they have contracted notwithstanding that they are related in the fourth degree of consanguinity”, dated 23 Mar 1255[1616]. A writ dated 6 Nov "55 Hen III", after the death of "Philip Basset", records "Clinton Aston manor [Buckingham] held in exchange from William Muntagu for the life of the said Philip and Lady Ella his wife"[1617]. The Chroniculum of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records the death in 1300 of “domina Ela comitissa Warwici” and her burial “Oseneye”[1618]. m firstly THOMAS de Warwick Earl of Warwick, son of HENRY Earl of Warwick & his first wife Margery de Oilly (-26/27 Jun 1242, bur Warwick St Mary). m secondly ([13 Nov 1254/23 Mar 1255]) as his second wife, PHILIP Basset of Wycombe, son of ALAN Basset & his [first wife Alice de Grey/second wife Aline de Gai] (-29 Oct 1271, bur Stanley, Wilts).

9. IDA Longespee (-after 10 Apr 1262). The Book of Lacock names “Isabellam de Vescy…Elam…Idam de Camyle” as the daughters of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”, adding that Ida married “Walterus filius Roberti” by whom she had “Catarinam et Loricam…velatæ…apud Lacock, Elam, quam duxit primo Guillelmus de Dodingseles, de qua genuit ---, Robertum, qui Dernogoill ---“[1619]. This second daughter called Ida must have been a different person from his older sister also named Ida, as the latter received dower from her second husband William de Beauchamp after his death in 1260, so clearly could not have married Walter FitzRobert before 1247. m (before 1247) WALTER FitzRobert of Woodham Walter, Essex, son of ROBERT FitzWalter of Woodham & his second wife Rohese --- (-shortly before 10 Apr 1258).

C. EARLS of SALISBURY 1337-1462 (MONTAGU)

WILLIAM de Montagu, son of WILLIAM de Montagu Lord Montagu & his wife Elisabeth de Montfort (Casington, Oxfordshire [1302/03]-30 Jan 1344, bur Bisham). John Bishop of Lincoln authorised the substitution of two regular canons at Oxford St Frideswide, for the souls of “domine Elizabeth de Monte Acuto ac domini Willelmi de Monte Acuto mariti eiusdem domine E...Iohannis de Monte Acuto, Willelmi de Monte Acuto nuper comitis Sar., Simonis Elien episcopi, Edwardi de Monte Acuto...liberorum dictorum dominorum W. & E.”, charter dated 1 Mar 1380[1620]. He succeeded his father in 1319 as Lord Montagu and was summoned to parliament as such 18 Feb 1331. He was created Earl of Salisbury 16 Mar 1337.

m (1327 or before) KATHARINE de Grandson, daughter of WILLIAM de Grandson Lord Grandson & his wife Sibylla de Tresgoz (-23 Apr 1349). "Agnes, Mabil, Matilda, Katherine, les deux eignes marry lun a Sr Joh Northwood, lauter a Sr Joh Patshull, le terce Matilda un nonyne et prioresse de Acornbury, le quart Katherine Countess de Sarisbury" are named as the daughters of "Sr Will de Grantson chivaller de Burgon" and his wife "Sibill…Tresgoze"[1621]. A manuscript calendar records the death “IX Kal Maii” of “dñe Kat’ine Comitesse de Sarisbury, fil’ dñi Willi de G^andeson”[1622].

William & his wife had six children:

1. WILLIAM de Montagu (Donyatt, Somerset 20 Jun 1328-3 Jun 1397, bur Bisham). He succeeded his father in 1344 as Earl of Salisbury. According to Camden’s Britannia (written in 1607), “William de Montacute the younger earl of Salisbury” conquered the Isle of Man from the Scots and sold it to William Scrope in 1393[1623]. The will of "William Montacute Earl of Sarum, Lord of Man and of the Isle of Wight", dated 20 Apr 1397, chose burial “in the conventual church of Bustlesham Montacute”, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my wife”[1624]. Betrothed (1333) to ALICE of Norfolk, daughter and co-heiress of THOMAS "of Brotherton" Earl of Norfolk and Earl Marshal & his first wife Alice Halys ([1324]-Bungay, Suffolk [14 Nov 1351/30 Jan 1352]), who later married his uncle Edward. m firstly (bigamously, before 10 Feb 1341, annulled by Papal Bull 17 Nov 1349) JOAN of Kent, daughter of EDMUND "of Woodstock" Earl of Kent & his wife Margaret Wake (29 Sep 1328-Wallingford Castle, Berkshire 8 Aug 1385, bur 29 Jan 1386 Greyfriars Church, Stamford, Lincolnshire, probably later transferred to London). She succeeded her brother in 1352 as Countess of Kent, Baroness Woodstock and Baroness Wake, suo iure. The Chronicon Angliæ records the marriage of “Edwardus princeps Walliæ” and “Johannam comitissam Canciæ relictam domini Thomæ de Holand”, adding that she had been separated “olim...a comite Sarisburiæ”, dated to 1361 from the context[1625]. m secondly ELIZABETH Mohun, daughter of JOHN [V] Mohun Lord Mohun of Dunster & his wife Joan Burghersh (1343-[14/16] Jan 1415). The will of "William Montacute Earl of Sarum, Lord of Man and of the Isle of Wight", dated 20 Apr 1397, bequeathed property to “Elizabeth my wife”[1626]. The will of "Elizabeth Montacute Countess of Salisbury", dated 24 Nov 1414, chose burial “in the conventual church of Bustleham Montacute”[1627]. Earl William & his second wife had one child:

a) WILLIAM de Montagu (-Windsor 6 Aug 1382). The Complete Peerage records that he was killed in a tilting match, it is said by his father[1628]. m (before Dec 1378) as her first husband, ELIZABETH FitzAlan of Arundel, daughter of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his first wife Elizabeth de Bohun Earl of Northampton (before 1375-8 Jul 1425).

2. JOHN de Montagu (London --- -25 Feb or 4 Mar 1390, bur Salisbury Cathedral). He was summoned to Parliament 15 Dec 1357, whereby he is held to have become Lord Montagu. The will of "John Montacute Knight, brother to the Earl of Sarum", dated 20 Mar 1388, chose burial “in the cathedral church of Salisbury”, bequeathed property to “my sons John and Thomas...my daughter Alianore...Richard my son...Sibyll, Catherine and Margaret my daughters...”[1629]. m ([1 Feb 1341/end 1343]) MARGARET Baroness Monthermer, daughter of THOMAS de Monthermer Lord Monthermer & his wife Margaret --- (Stokenham 14 Oct 1329-24 Mar 1395). King Edward III recorded that “post mortem Thomæ de Monte Hermerii defuncti” John Bishop of Exeter retained the property of “Margaretam filiam et hæredem prædicti Thomæ”, that later “præfatam Margaretam” was betrothed by “Willelmo de Monte Acuto comiti Sarum” with the consent of “Roberti de Ferrariis (cui maritagium eiusdem hæredis concessimus)”, and the requested the bishop to release her property, by charter dated 1 Feb 1341[1630]. John & his wife had seven children:

a) JOHN de Montagu (-executed 5 Jan 1400, bur Cirencester, transferred 1420 to Bisham). The will of "John Montacute Knight, brother to the Earl of Sarum", dated 20 Mar 1388, bequeathed property to “my sons John and Thomas...my daughter Alianore...Richard my son...Sibyll, Catherine and Margaret my daughters...”[1631]. He succeeded his father in 1390 as Lord Montagu, his mother in 1395 as Lord Monthermer, and his uncle in 1397 as Earl of Salisbury. He joined the conspiracy against King Henry IV in 1399, but was captured and beheaded by the people of Cirencester. He was attainted in Mar 1401, judgment reversed in 1461[1632]. m (before 4 May 1383) as her third husband, MATILDA Francis, widow firstly of JOHN Aubrey and secondly of ALAN Boxhall of Sussex, Dorset and Staffordshire, daughter of ADAM Francis, Mayor of London & his wife --- (-1424 before 5 Aug). The will of "Maud de Montacute Countess of Salisbury", dated 22 Jun 1423, chose burial “in the priory of Bustleham Montacute in the county of Berks”, bequeathed property to “daughter Anne...my son Alan Boxhull”[1633]. John & his wife had three children:

i) THOMAS de Montagu (-Meung-sur-Loire 3 Nov 1428, bur Bisham). He was restored as Earl of Salisbury 14 Jun 1409. The will of "Thomas Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Perch, and Lord Monthermer", undated, chose burial “at Bustleham”, bequeathed property to “my uncle Richard de Montacute Knight...John my bastard son”, and in a codicil required “the body of the Lady Alianore sometime my wife...with the body of the Lady Alice my present wife now living” to be buried with him[1634]. He was mortally wounded at the siege of Rouen. m firstly (23 May 1399 or before) ELEANOR de Holand, daughter of THOMAS de Holand Earl of Kent & his wife Alice FitzAlan of Arundel ([1386]-after 1413, bur Bisham). The will of "Thomas Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Perch, and Lord Monthermer", undated, chose burial “at Bustleham”, and in a codicil required “the body of the Lady Alianore sometime my wife...with the body of the Lady Alice my present wife now living” to be buried with him[1635]. m secondly (before 1424) as her second husband, ALICE Chaucer, widow of JOHN Philipps, daughter and heiress of THOMAS Chaucer of Ewelme, Oxfordshire & his wife Matilda de Burghersh ([1404]-20 May or 9 Jun 1475, bur Ewelme, Oxfordshire). The will of "Thomas Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Perch, and Lord Monthermer", undated, chose burial “at Bustleham”, and in a codicil required “the body of the Lady Alianore sometime my wife...with the body of the Lady Alice my present wife now living” to be buried with him[1636]. She married thirdly (licence 11 Nov 1430) William de la Pole Earl of Suffolk, later created Duke of Suffolk. Earl Thomas & his first wife had one child:

(a) ALICE de Montagu (-[3 Apr/9 Dec] 1462). A mid-15th century manuscript records that "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" married "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1637]. She succeeded her father as Ctss of Salisbury. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1638]. She was attainted in Nov 1459, annulled 10 Nov 1460. m (Feb 1421 or before) RICHARD Neville, son of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his second wife Joan Beaufort (1400-killed in battle Wakefield 30 Dec 1460, bur Bisham). He was allowed the title Earl of Salisbury from 1428.

Earl Thomas had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

(b) JOHN (-after [1428]). The will of "Thomas Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Perch, and Lord Monthermer", undated, bequeathed property to “my uncle Richard de Montacute Knight...John my bastard son”[1639].

ii) ANNE (-1457). The will of "Maud de Montacute Countess of Salisbury", dated 22 Jun 1423, bequeathed property to “daughter Anne...my son Alan Boxhull”[1640]. The will of "John Holland Duke of Exeter", dated 16 Jul 1447, chose burial “in the church of St Katherine beside the Tower of London in a tomb there ordained for me and Anne my first wife, as also for my sister Constance and Anne my wife now living”[1641]. The will of "Ann Holland Dutchess of Exeter", dated 20 Apr 1457, proved 15 May 1458, chose burial “in...the church of St Katherine beside the Tower of London where the corpse of my...husband is buried”[1642]. m firstly RICHARD Hankeford, son of ---. m secondly LOUIS John, son of ---. m thirdly as his third wife, JOHN de Holand Duke of Exeter, son of JOHN de Holand Duke of Exeter & his wife Elizabeth of Lancaster (Dartington, Devon 29 Mar 1395-5 Aug 1447 bur London, Church of St Katharine by the Tower).

iii) MARGARET . m as his second wife, WILLIAM de Ferrers Lord Ferrers [of Gorby], son of HENRY de Ferrers Lord Ferrers (of Groby) & his wife Joan --- (Hoo 25 Apr 1372-18 May 1445).

b) THOMAS (-1404). The will of "John Montacute Knight, brother to the Earl of Sarum", dated 20 Mar 1388, bequeathed property to “my sons John and Thomas...my daughter Alianore...Richard my son...Sibyll, Catherine and Margaret my daughters...”[1643]. Dean of Salisbury 1382.

c) ELEANOR . The will of "John Montacute Knight, brother to the Earl of Sarum", dated 20 Mar 1388, bequeathed property to “my sons John and Thomas...my daughter Alianore...Richard my son...Sibyll, Catherine and Margaret my daughters...”[1644].

d) RICHARD (-1429). The will of "John Montacute Knight, brother to the Earl of Sarum", dated 20 Mar 1388, bequeathed property to “my sons John and Thomas...my daughter Alianore...Richard my son...Sibyll, Catherine and Margaret my daughters...”[1645]. The will of "Thomas Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Perch, and Lord Monthermer", undated, bequeathed property to “my uncle Richard de Montacute Knight...John my bastard son”[1646].

e) SIBYL . The will of "John Montacute Knight, brother to the Earl of Sarum", dated 20 Mar 1388, bequeathed property to “my sons John and Thomas...my daughter Alianore...Richard my son...Sibyll, Catherine and Margaret my daughters...”[1647]. Nun at Amesbury, later prioress.

f) KATHERINE . The will of "John Montacute Knight, brother to the Earl of Sarum", dated 20 Mar 1388, bequeathed property to “my sons John and Thomas...my daughter Alianore...Richard my son...Sibyll, Catherine and Margaret my daughters...”[1648].

g) MARGARET . The will of "John Montacute Knight, brother to the Earl of Sarum", dated 20 Mar 1388, bequeathed property to “my sons John and Thomas...my daughter Alianore...Richard my son...Sibyll, Catherine and Margaret my daughters...”[1649]. Nun.

3. SIBYL de Montagu . m (1349) EDMUND de Arundel, son of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his first wife Isabel le Despencer ([1327]-after 1377).

4. PHILIPPA de Montagu (-5 Jan 1382, bur Bisham). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Rogerum primogenitum”, son of “Edmundum”, married “Philippa…filia domini Willielmi Mountagu comitis Sarum”[1650]. The will of "Edmond de Mortimer Earl of March and Ulster Lord of Wigmore", dated 1 May 1380, proved 22 Jan 1382, bequeathed property to “Roger son of John de Mortimer...our...mother...Roger our son and heir...our son Edmond...our daughter Elizabeth...our daughter Philippa...our...brother Mons Henry Earl of Northumberland...our...son Mons Henry Percy...”[1651]. m (before 1352) ROGER [VI] de Mortimer Lord Mortimer, son of EDMUND [II] de Mortimer & his wife Elizabeth de Badlesmere (Ludlow 11 Nov 1328-Rouvray 26 Feb 1360, bur in France, transferred to Wigmore). He succeeded in 1354 as Earl of March.

5. ELIZABETH de Montagu (-Astley, Hampshire 31 May 1359, bur Tewkesbury Abbey). King Edward III requested papal dispensation for the marriage between “Hugonem le Despenser” and “Elizabeth filiam...comitis Sarum et marescalli Angliæ” is dated 6 Mar 1340[1652]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that “Hugo tertius” married “Elizabetha filia comitis Sarum” but was childless[1653]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the death “1359…apud Asteley in comitatu Hamptoniæ…ultimo die mensis Maii” of “domina Elizabeth…filia quondam Willielmi de Monte-acuto comitis Sarum, ac uxor Guidonis de Bryene militis, et relicto Hugone tertio le Despencer” and her burial with her first husband in Tewkesbury abbey[1654]. m firstly (1328) GILES de Badlesmere Lord Badlesmere, son of BARTHOLOMEW de Badlesmere Lord Badlesmere & his Margaret de Umfreville née de Clare (Hambleton, Rutland 18 Oct 1314-[7 Apr/22 Jun] 1338). m secondly (before May 1341) HUGH le Despencer Lord Despencer, son of HUGH le Despencer Lord Despencer & his wife Eleanor de Clare of Gloucester (1308-8 Feb 1349). m thirdly ([1349/10 Jul 1350]) GUY de Bryan Lord Bryan, son of GUY de Brian of Walwyns Castle, Pembrokeshire & his wife --- (before 1319-17 Aug 1390, bur Tewkesbury Abbey).

6. AGNES de Montagu . m (contract 12 Jun 1335) JOHN de Grey, son of ROGER de Grey Lord Grey of Ruthin & his wife Elizabeth de Hastings (-[25 Oct 1348/4 May 1350]).

D. EARLS of SALISBURY 1428-1471 (NEVILLE)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

RICHARD Neville, son of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his second wife Joan Beaufort (1400-killed in battle Wakefield 30 Dec 1460, bur Bisham). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johannam minorissam, Ricardum, Katherinam ducissam Norfolchie, Henricum mortuum, Thomam dominum de Seymour, Cuthbertum mortuum, Alienoram uxorem comitis Northumbrie, Robertum episcopum Dunelmie, Willelmum dominum de Fauconberge, Annam comitssam Staffordie, Johannem mortuum, Georgium dominum de Latymer, Ceciliam ducissam Eboraci, Edwardum dominum de Bergeny" as the children of "Radulphus dominus de Neuill et comes Westmorlandie" and his wife "Johanna filia Johannis ducis Lancastrie uxor secunda"[1655]. He was allowed the title Earl of Salisbury from 1428. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, chose burial “in the priory of Bustelsham in the county of Berks”, required “the covenants of marriage of Thomas my son with Maud Lady Willoughby his wife be fully performed, according to the agreement made between me and Ralph Lord Cromwell...that the marriage covenants made for the marriage of Catherine my daughter with the son and heir apparent of William Lord Harrington, the son of William Lord Bonville”, names “my mother Joan late Countess of Westmoreland, and my father Ralph late Earl of Westmoreland”, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1656].

m (Feb 1421 or before) ALICE de Montagu, daughter of THOMAS de Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his first wife Eleanor de Holand of Kent (-[3 Apr/9 Dec] 1462). A mid-15th century manuscript records that "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" married "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1657]. She succeeded her father in 1428 as Ctss of Salisbury. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1658].

Richard & his wife had twelve children:

1. JOAN (-before 9 Sep 1462, bur Arundel). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1659]. A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Jane C’tess of Arundel" as daughter of "Richard Earl of Salisbury" and mother of "Thos. Earl of Arundel that now is, John of Arundel Knt"[1660]. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1661]. m (after 17 Aug 1438) WILLIAM FitzAlan Earl of Arundel, son of JOHN FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Eleanor Berkeley (23 Nov 1417-1487, bur Arundel).

2. ELEANOR (-before Oct 1473, bur London, St James Garlickhithe). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1662]. m (after 10 May 1457) as his first wife, THOMAS Stanley Earl of Derby, son of THOMAS Stanley Lord Stanley & his wife Joan Goushill of Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire ([1435]-Lathom 29 Jul 1504, bur Burscough Priory, Lancashire).

3. RICHARD (1428-killed in battle Barnet 14 Apr 1471, bur Bisham Abbey, Berkshire). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1663]. He succeeded as Earl of Warwick in 1449, de iure uxoris. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1664]. He succeeded his father in 1460 as Earl of Salisbury. m (1434) ANNE Beauchamp, daughter of RICHARD Beauchamp Earl of Warwick & his second wife Isabel Le Despencer (Caversham [Apr] 1426-before 20 Sep 1492). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the birth of “filia…Anna” to “dominus Richardus Bewchampe V comes Warwichiæ” and his wife Isabel, one year and six months after the birth of her older brother, adding that she married “Ricardus filius…Ricardi comitis Sarum” in the same month and year as her brother’s marriage[1665]. She succeeded her niece in 1449 as Ctss of Warwick, suo iure. Richard & his wife had two children:

a) ISABEL Neville (Warwick Castle 5 Sep 1451-Warwick Castle 22 Dec 1476, bur Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire). The Continuation of the History of Croyland records that “the duke of Clarence” married “the eldest daughter of the [earl of Warwick]”[1666]. She was alleged to have been poisoned by Ankarette Twynho, one of her servants, who was hanged at Warwick for her murder. m (Calais, Notre Dame 11 Jul 1469) GEORGE Duke of Clarence, son of RICHARD Duke of York & his wife Cecily Neville of Westmoreland (Dublin Castle 21 Oct 1449-murdered Tower of London 18 Feb 1478, bur Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire). He was created Earl of Salisbury and Earl of Warwick 25 Mar 1472, de iure uxoris. He was accused of high treason, attainted 8 Feb 1478, and forfeited all his titles, honours and estates.

b) ANNE Neville (Warwick Castle 11 Jun 1456-Palace of Westminster 16 Mar 1485, bur Westminster Abbey). The Historie of England by Polydore Vergil records that “Anne dowghter to therle of Warwick was affyanced to prince Edward”[1667]. The Continuation of the History of Croyland records that “the son of king Henry” had married “the lady Anne...youngest daughter of the earl of Warwick” and that, after he was killed, “Richard duke of Gloucester sought the said Anne in marriage”[1668]. She probably died of tuberculosis. [1669]m firstly (Betrothed Angers 25 Jul 1470, Château d’Amboise Aug or 13 Dec 1470) EDWARD Prince of Wales, son of HENRY VI King of England & his wife Marguerite d'Anjou (Palace of Westminster 13 Oct 1453-killed in battle Tewkesbury 4 May 1471, bur Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire). m secondly (12 Jul 1472) RICHARD Duke of Gloucester, son of RICHARD Duke of York & his wife Cecily Neville of Westmoreland (Fotheringay Castle 2 Oct 1452-killed in battle Bosworth Field, Leicestershire 22 Aug 1485, bur Greyfriars Abbey, Leicester). He succeeded in 1483 as RICHARD III King of England.

Earl Richard had one possible illegitimate daughter by an unknown mistress:

c) [MARGARET . m RICHARD Huddleston, son of ---.]

4. THOMAS (-killed in battle Wakefield 30 Dec 1460). The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, required “the covenants of marriage of Thomas my son with Maud Lady Willoughby his wife be fully performed, according to the agreement made between me and Ralph Lord Cromwell”[1670]. m (licence 1 May 1453, Tattershall, Lincolnshire Aug 1453) as her second husband, MATILDA Stanhope, widow of ROBERT Lord Willoughby de Eresby, daughter of RICHARD Stanhope of Rampton, Nottinghamshire & his second wife Matilda Cromwell (-30 Aug 1497, bur Tattershall, Collegiate Church). The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, required “the covenants of marriage of Thomas my son with Maud Lady Willoughby his wife be fully performed, according to the agreement made between me and Ralph Lord Cromwell”[1671]. She married thirdly (before 20 Mar 1463) Gervase Clifton.

5. CICELY (-28 Jul 1450, bur 31 Jul 1450 Tewkesbury Abbey). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the marriage of “Henricus dominus le Despenser” and “Ceciliam filiam domini Ricardi Nevill comitis Sarum” in 1434 in his tenth year[1672]. m firstly (1434) HENRY Beauchamp, son of RICHARD Beauchamp Earl of Warwick & his second wife Isabel Le Despencer (Hanley Castle 22 Mar 1425-Hanley Castle 11 Jun 1446, bur Tewkesbury Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1439 as Earl of Warwick, Comte d'Aumâle. He was created Duke of Warwick 5 Apr 1445. m secondly (licence 3 Apr 1449) as his first wife, JOHN Tiptoft Lord Tiptoft, son of JOHN Tiptoft Lord Tiptoft & his second wife Joyce Cherleton ([Great Eversden, Cambridgeshire] 8 May 1427-18 Oct 1470, bur London, Church of the Black Friars by Ludgate). He was created Earl of Worcester in 1449.

6. JOHN ([1431]-killed in battle Barnet 14 Apr 1471, bur Bisham Abbey). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1673]. He was summoned to parliament 23 May 1461, whereby he is held to have become Lord Montagu. He was created Marquess of Montagu 25 Mar 1470. m (25 Apr 1457) as her first husband, ISABEL Ingaldesthorpe, daughter of EDWARD Ingaldesthorpe of Borough Green, Cambridgeshire & his wife Joan Tiptoft of Worcester (1441-20 May 1476, bur Bisham). She married secondly (25 Apr 1472) William Norreys. John & his wife had seven children:

a) GEORGE ([1460/61]-4 May 1483). He was created Duke of Bedford 5 Jan 1470. He succeeded his father in 1471 as Marquess of Montagu. He was degraded of all his titles Mar 1478.

b) JOHN (-young).

c) ANNE (-before 1486). m as his second wife, WILLIAM Stonor, son of --- (-1494).

d) ELIZABETH (1464-[13 Jul 1517/9 Dec 1521]). m firstly (before 1477) THOMAS Le Scrope Lord Scrope of Masham, son of THOMAS Le Scrope Lord Scrope & his wife Elizabeth de Greystoke ([1459]-23 Apr 1493, bur London, Black Friars). m secondly (licence 22 Oct 1494) HENRY Wentworth of Nettlestead, Suffolk, son of --- (-1500, bur Newton Abbey, Lincolnshire).

e) MARGARET (1466-[1527/28]). m firstly THOMAS Horne, son of ---. m secondly (1492) JOHN Mortimer, son of --- (-1504). m thirdly ([12 Nov 1504/7 Feb 1507], marriage declared void 1507, and by Papal Bull 12 May 1528) as his first wife, CHARLES Brandon, son of WILLIAM Brandon & his wife Elizabeth Bruyn ([1484]-The Palace, Guildford, Surrey 22 Aug 1545, bur St George’s Chapel, Windsor). He was created Viscount Lisle 1513, and Duke of Suffolk 1514.

f) LUCY (1468-1554). m firstly THOMAS FitzWilliam, son of --- (-1497). m secondly ANTONY Browne, son of ---.

g) ISABEL ([1470]-). m firstly WILLIAM Huddleston of Millom, Cumberland, son of ---. m secondly WILLIAM Smith of Elford, Staffordshire, son of ---. m thirdly RANULPH Dacre of Carlisle, son of ---.

7. GEORGE (1433-1478). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1674]. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1675]. Archbishop of York. It has been suggested that Alice Neville, wife of Thomas Tunstall, was the archbishop’s illegitimate daughter. The question is linked to the 8 Jul 1457 testament of the archbishop’s paternal uncle Robert Neville Bishop of Durham in which an Alice Neville and her two brothers were beneficiaries. Anyone interested in any aspect of this question should consult the sources cited in the Wikitree entry for “Alice (Neville) Tunstall”[1676].

8. ALICE (-after 22 Nov 1503). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1677]. A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Alice Lady FitzHugh" as daughter of "Richard Earl of Salisbury" and names her eight children[1678]. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1679]. m HENRY FitzHugh Lord FitzHugh, son of WILLIAM FitzHugh Lord FitzHugh & his wife Margery de Willoughby of Eresby, Lincolnshire (before 1429-8 Jun 1472).

9. ELEANOR (-after 10 May 1458). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1680]. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1681].

10. RALPH (-young, bur Sheriff Hooton). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1682].

11. CATHERINE (-[22 Nov 1503/25 Mar 1504]). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1683]. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, required “that the marriage covenants made for the marriage of Catherine my daughter with the son and heir apparent of William Lord Harrington, the son of William Lord Bonville”, names “my mother Joan late Countess of Westmoreland, and my father Ralph late Earl of Westmoreland”, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1684]. m firstly (1458) WILLIAM Bonville Baron Harington, son of WILLIAM Bonville & his wife Elizabeth Harington (1443-killed in battle Wakefield 31 Dec 1460). m secondly (before 6 Feb 1462) WILLIAM Hastinges of Kirby, Leicestershire Lord Hastings, son of LEONARD Hastinges & his wife Alice de Camoys ([1430/31]-executed Tower of London 13 Jun 1483, bur Windsor, St George’s Chapel).

12. ROBERT (-young, bur Middleton). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Johanna comitissa Arundelie, Alienora comitissa Warwici, Ricardus filius prim, ---, Johannes de Neuille, Georgius de Neuille clericus, Alesia…Alienora, Radulphus mortuus apud Shirefhoton sepultus, Katherina…Robertus mortuus apud Midelham sepultus" as the children of "Ricardum Neuille comitem Sarum" and his wife "Alesia comitissa Sarum et heres"[1685].

13. MARGARET (-after 20 Nov 1506, bur Colne Priory). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Countess of Oxford" as daughter of "Richard Earl of Salisbury"[1686]. The will of "Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury", dated 10 May 1458, bequeathed property to “my eldest son Richard Earl of Warwick...my son George...my daughter Alice...my daughter Eleanor...my daughter Katherine...my daughter Margaret...my daughter the Countess of Arundel...my brother Lord William Fauconberg...Alice my wife Countess of Salisbury”[1687]. m as his first wife, JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford, son of JOHN de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Elizabeth Howard (8 Sep 1442-Hedingham Castle 10 Mar 1513, bur Colne Priory).

E. COUNTESS of SALISBURY 1514-1539 (POLE)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

1. GEOFFREY Pole of Medmenham and Ellesborough, Buckinghamshire (-1474). m firstly EDITH St John, daughter of OLIVER St John & his wife Margaret Beauchamp. A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Edith, wedded to Geoffry Pole of Buckinghamshire" as daughter of "Margaret Duchess of Somerset" and her first husband "Oliver Saint-John"[1688]. m secondly ---. Geoffrey & his first wife had one child:

a) RICHARD Pole (-before 18 Dec 1505). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Edith, wedded to Geoffry Pole of Buckinghamshire" as daughter of "Margaret Duchess of Somerset" and her first husband "Oliver Saint-John", and her son "Richard Pole, Knt"[1689]. m (22 Sep 1494) MARGARET Plantagenet, daughter of GEORGE Duke of Clarence & his wife Isabel Neville of Salisbury (Farley Castle, near Bath 14 Aug 1473-beheaded Tower of London 28 May 1541, bur Royal Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower). The Historie of England by Polydore Vergil names “Margaret who after maryed to Rychard Pole and Edward whom the king made erle of Warwicke” as the two children of George Duke of Clarence[1690]. A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] records that "the Lady Margaret, dau. of the Duke of Clarence" married "Richard Pole, Knt"[1691]. Lady of the Chamber to Queen Catherine of Aragon 1509. She managed to get her brother's attainder reversed in 1514, and was thereby restored as Ctss of Salisbury. Governess of Princess Mary (later Queen Mary I) from before 13 May 1520 to shortly after 1 Oct 1533. She was imprisoned in the Tower of London [Mar/May] 1539, attainted without trial 12 May 1539, and beheaded. Richard & his wife had five children:

i) HENRY Pole ([1492]-executed Tower Hill 9 Jan 1539). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Harry, Arthur" as sons of "Richard Pole, Knt" and his wife[1692]. He was known as Lord Montagu after his mother was recognised as Ctss of Salisbury in 1514. He was sent to the Tower 4 Nov 1538, condemned and beheaded. He was attainted and all his honours forfeited. m (before May 1520) JANE Neville, daughter of GEORGE Neville Lord Abergavenny & his first wife Margaret Fenne (-before 26 Oct 1538). Henry & his wife had three children:

(a) HENRY Pole (-Tower of London after Sep 1542). He was imprisoned in the Tower of London 20 Nov 1539.

(b) CATHERINE Pole (-23 Sep 1576, bur Ashby-de-la-Zouch). m (25 Jun 1532) FRANCIS Hastings Lord Hastings, son of GEORGE Hastings Earl of Huntingdon & his wife Anne Herbert née Stafford of the Dukes of Buckingham ([1514]-23 Jun 1560, bur Ashby-de-la-Zouch). He succeeded his father in 1544 as Earl of Huntingdon.

ii) REGINALD Pole (Mar 1500-17 Nov 1558). He was made a Cardinal 22 Dec 1536. Archbishop of Canterbury 22 Mar 1556.

iii) GEOFFREY Pole (-1558). He was sent to the Tower 29 Aug 1538, convicted and sentenced to death, but pardoned 4 Jan 1539. m CONSTANCE Packenham, daughter of EDMUND Packenham & his wife --- (-after 1570).

iv) URSULA (-12 Aug 1570). m (marriage settlement 20 Oct 1518, [16 Feb 1519]) HENRY Stafford, son of EDWARD Stafford Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Stafford & his wife Eleanor Percy of the Earls of Northumberland (Penshurst, Kent 18 Sep 1501-Caus Castle, Shropshire 30 Apr 1563, bur Worthen, Shropshire). He was declared Baron Stafford in 1547.

v) ARTHUR Pole (-before 1538, bur Bisham Priory). A manuscript pedigree dated to [1500] names "Harry, Arthur" as sons of "Richard Pole, Knt" and his wife[1693]. m as her second husband, JANE Lewknor, daughter of ROGER Lewknor & his wife ---.

Chapter 12. SOMERSET

A. EARL of SOMERSET 1141 (MOHUN)

Empress Matilda granted an earldom, probably of Somerset/Dorset, to William de Mohun in 1141. The grant was short-lived. The earldom of Somerset was revived in 1397 in favour of John Beaufort, legitimated son of John “of Gaunt” Duke of Lancaster & his third wife Katharine Swynford née Roët. He and his descendants are shown in Chapter 3.E of the document ENGLAND KINGS 1066-1837.

1. WILLIAM [II] de Mohun, son of WILLIAM [I] de Mohun & his wife Adelise --- (-after [1150]). A charter of King Henry I confirmed the foundation and possessions of Bridlington priory, including the donation of "ecclesiam de Wicheforda" made by "Willielmus de Moion et uxor eius Agnes"[1694]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Willo de Moiont" in Warwickshire[1695]. Henry of Huntingdon names "William de Mohun" among the "traitors" who supported Empress Matilda in 1138, adding that he held "the castle at Dunster" against the king[1696]. The Gesta Stephani Regis names "Willelmus de Mohun quem comitem ibi statuit Dorsetiæ" among the supporters of Empress Matilda in the English civil war[1697]. He was created Earl [of Somerset/Dorset] by Empress Matilda in [Apr/Jun] 1141: "…com W[illelmo] de Moion…" subscribed the charter dated to midsummer 1141 under which Empress Matilda granted property to Geoffrey de Mandeville[1698]. "Willielmus de Moyne comes Somersetensis" founded Bruton priory in Somerset by undated (but dated to 1142 by Maxwell-Lyte[1699]) charter witnessed by "Willielmo filio meo, Henrico, Juwanno, Petro, et Ricardo clericis…"[1700]. "Willelmus de Mohun" confirmed a grant to "Willelmo filio Durandi" by charter dated to [1150], witnessed by "Eudone fratre meo…"[1701]. The Complete Peerage suggests that “he may have died soon after 1142 or he may simply have withdrawn from the civil war”, adding that King Henry II’s failure to confirm his earldom suggests that he had “ceased to give active support to the Empress”[1702].

- MOHUN.

[1] CP I 249 footnote b.

[2] Dugdale Monasticon III, Wymondham Monastery, Norfolk, I, p. 330.

[3] Dugdale Monasticon III, Wymondham Monastery, Norfolk, III, p. 330.

[4] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome II, Liber Quartus, CXXII, p. 611.

[5] Early Charters (Crawford), XIV, p. 31.

[6] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, pp. 63-4.

[7] Ex Radulfi de Diceto imaginibus historiarum, RHGF XIII, p. 200.

[8] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 6, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[9] Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon 1121, MGH SS XXV, p. 527.

[10] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 309.

[11] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 19.

[12] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 64.

[13] Annales de Margan, p. 14.

[14] Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis, Spicilegium II, p. 777.

[15] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 471.

[16] Domesday Descendants, p. 956, citing Fleming, L. (1960) The Cartulary of Boxgrove Priory, Sussex Record Society 59, 40.

[17] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 19.

[18] CP I 235-6.

[19] Annales de Waverleia, p. 249.

[20] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 64.

[21] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. IV, Boxgrave Priory, III, p. 645.

[22] The date when news of the Earl's death reached England, according to CP I 238.

[23] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. IV, Boxgrave Priory, III, p. 645.

[24] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 320.

[25] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, pp. 63-4.

[26] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. V, Robert’s Bridge Abbey, Sussex, IV, p. 668.

[27] Calendar of Charter Rolls, Vol. III (1908), 3., pp. 367-8. Information sent by Chandler Billeter by email 17 Feb 2023.

[28] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, pp. 63-4.

[29] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 19.

[30] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. IV, Boxgrave Priory, II, p. 645.

[31] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. V, Robert’s Bridge Abbey, Sussex, III, p. 667.

[32] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 19.

[33] Tréport Saint-Michel, 32, p. 64.

[34] Monasticon Anglicanum V 667, quoted in Robert of Torigny, Vol. II, p. 19 footnote 2.

[35] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. V, Robert’s Bridge Abbey, Sussex, II, p. 667.

[36] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. V, Robert’s Bridge Abbey, Sussex, III, p. 667.

[37] Domesday Descendants, p. 693.

[38] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. IV, Boxgrave Priory, II, p. 645.

[39] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. IV, Boxgrave Priory, II, p. 645.

[40] Early Charters (Crawford), XIV, p. 31.

[41] The date when news of the Earl's death reached England, according to CP I 238.

[42] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. IV, Boxgrave Priory, III, p. 645.

[43] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. V, Robert’s Bridge Abbey, Sussex, IV, p. 668.

[44] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1221, p. 67.

[45] Annales Londonienses, p. 24.

[46] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 66.

[47] Annales Londonienses, p. 126.

[48] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 161.

[49] He was "just of age at his father's death", according to CP I 238.

[50] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. V, Robert’s Bridge Abbey, Sussex, IV, p. 668.

[51] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 90.

[52] Annales Londonienses, p. 126.

[53] Annales Londonienses, pp. 126-7.

[54] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1243, p. 243.

[55] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 130.

[56] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[57] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1251, p. 215.

[58] Annales Londonienses, pp. 126-7.

[59] Annales Londonienses, pp. 126-7.

[60] Domesday Descendants, p. 121.

[61] Gesta Stephani Regis, I, p. 81.

[62] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 285, citing Haughmond Chartulary, fo. 168, Tit. Preston.

[63] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 292, quoting Harl. MS., 2188, fo. 123, collated from the Sundorn Chartulary.

[64] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V 520, cited in Domesday Descendants, p. 860.

[65] Pipe Roll 3 Hen II (1156), Shropshire, p. 88.

[66] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XVI, p. 523.

[67] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 30.

[68] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 233.

[69] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 285, citing Haughmond Chartulary, fo. 168, Tit. Preston.

[70] Domesday Descendants, p. 680.

[71] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 292, quoting Harl. MS., 2188, fo. 123, collated from the Sundorn Chartulary.

[72] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 286, citing Haughmond Chartulary, fo. 53.

[73] Eyton (1859), Vol. IX, pp. 164-6.

[74] Domesday Descendants, p. 861.

[75] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 241, and Eyton, R. W. (1878) Court, Household and Itinerary of King Henry II (London), p. 198, citing Cartæ Antiquæ, Roll E. E. Num 13.

[76] Eyton (1860), Vol. X, p. 145.

[77] Eyton (1860), Vol. XI, pp. 235-6.

[78] Eyton (1860), Vol. XI, p. 237.

[79] Dugdale Monasticon V, Buildwas Abbey, XVIII, p. 359.

[80] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 244, citing Cotton MS. Tiber. A. x fo. 9.

[81] Eyton (1860), Vol. XI, pp. 229-30.

[82] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 242.

[83] Eyton (1860), Vol. XI, p. 237.

[84] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 244, citing Haughmond Chartulary, Tit. Dounton.

[85] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 249, quoting Tierney History of Arundel, p. 194.

[86] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 247.

[87] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 250, citing Rot. Claus. I. p. 330.

[88] Eyton (1860), Vol. XI, p. 237.

[89] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 244, citing Haughmond Chartulary, Tit. Dounton.

[90] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 249, quoting Tierney History of Arundel, p. 194.

[91] Annales Londonienses, pp. 126-7.

[92] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 252.

[93] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 253, citing Rot. Finium, I, 384.

[94] Annales Londonienses, p. 127.

[95] CP I 239.

[96] Excerpta e rotulis finium (1835), Vol. II, p. 387.

[97] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 6, p. 6.

[98] Victoria County History, Wiltshire, Vol. 10, pp. 82-106, consulted at <https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol10/pp82-106> (26 Oct 2021), citing Fry, E. A. (1930) A Calendar of the Feet of Fines relating to the county of Wiltshire 1195-1272 (Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Records Branch, Devizes), p. 59 [original not seen].

[99] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 812, p. 278.

[100] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 536, p. 325.

[101] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 812, p. 278.

[102] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 91, p. 64.

[103] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 812, p. 278.

[104] Calendar of Patent Rolls 1292-1301 (1895), 23 Edw I, p. 147, consulted at <http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/patentrolls/e1v3/body/Edward1vol3page0147.pdf> [3 May 2012]. I am grateful to Douglas Richardson for drawing my attention to this and the other sources quoted in this section which confirm the second marriage of Robert [VI] Bruce.

[105] Calendar of Documents Scotland (Bain), Vol. II, 850, p. 223.

[106] William Salt Archæological Society (1886) Collections for a History of Staffordshire (London), Vol. VII, Plea Rolls of the Reign of Edward I, Banco Roll, Michaelmas 26 E I, pp. 51-2.

[107] Ancient Deeds, Vol. IV (London, 1902), A. 6814, p. 85.

[108] Natonal Archives, SC 8/52/2570, record summary available at <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=-4320592&CATLN=7&Highlight=%2CHAUDLO%2CHAUDLO&accessmethod=0&Summary=True> [6 May 2012].

[109] CP II 434.

[110] CP II 434.

[111] Rotuli Litteratum Clausarum, Vol. I (1833), p. 140, and Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 246.

[112] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Bullington Priory, Lincolnshire, X, p. 953.

[113] Eyton (1855), Vol. II, pp. 288, 293 and 297, and Vol. VII, pp. 242 and 297.

[114] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 812, p. 278.

[115] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 536, p. 325.

[116] CP I 241.

[117] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XVI, p. 523.

[118] CP I 242.

[119] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[120] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[121] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[122] CP XII/1 354.

[123] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 97.

[124] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[125] Inquisitions post mortem, Vol. 4, 1917, p. 53.

[126] Registers of Chaucombe Priory, abstract printed by Nichols Miscellania Genealogica et Heraldica 5^th Series 9 (1935-1937), p. 166.

[127] CP I 243.

[128] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[129] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[130] Lanercost Chronicle, 1326, p. 256.

[131] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[132] CP I 243 footnote d.

[133] CP I 244 footnote b.

[134] CP X 236.

[135] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[136] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[137] CP I 244.

[138] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[139] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[140] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 354.

[141] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[142] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 214.

[143] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[144] CP XIV, p. 39, citing McFarlane, K. B. ‘At the deathbed of Cardinal Beaufort’, Hunt, Pantin & Southern (eds.) (1948) Studies in Medieval History presented to F. M. Powicke (Oxford), p. 425, note 5 [not yet consulted].

[145] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Newburgh Abbey, Yorkshire, VI, Progenies Moubraiorum, hujus Abbatiæ Fundatorum, p. 321.

[146] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[147] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[148] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 224.

[149] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[150] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 186.

[151] CP I 245-6.

[152] CP I 246.

[153] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[154] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[155] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[156] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 89.

[157] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[158] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 105.

[159] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[160] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[161] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[162] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[163] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 139.

[164] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 179.

[165] CP VIII 445.

[166] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[167] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 105.

[168] CP I 259.

[169] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 105.

[170] CP I 260.

[171] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[172] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 172.

[173] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[174] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[175] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[176] Dugdale Monasticon V, Rievall Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 280.

[177] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 105.

[178] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 94.

[179] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 129.

[180] CP I 247.

[181] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 277.

[182] CP I 248.

[183] According to CP I 248, Constance was probably only contracted to marry John d'Arundel.

[184] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 233.

[185] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 233.

[186] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 277.

[187] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 300.

[188] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[189] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 300.

[190] CP I 249.

[191] Annales Wilhelmi Wyrcester, 1464, p. [783].

[192] CP I 250-1.

[193] CP I 252.

[194] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 300.

[195] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 511.

[196] Geravase, Vol. I, p. 121.

[197] CP XI Appendix D, p. 108 footnote a citing Cartæ Antiquæ, P. R. S., no. 38, and quoted in full in Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 157.

[198] Domesday Descendants, p. 441.

[199] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 511, and Given-Wilson & Curteis (1988), p. 65.

[200] CP III 429.

[201] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 157, quoting Cartæ Antiquæ, B. 2.

[202] Gervase, p. 257.

[203] Benedict of Peterborough, Vol. I 1175, p. 105.

[204] Pipe Roll 23 Hen II (1176/77), Devonshire, p. 3.

[205] Gesta Stephani Regis I, pp. 64-5.

[206] Domesday Descendants, p. 247.

[207] CP XII/2 298 footnote b, citing Dugdale Baronage, Vol. I, p. 702

[208] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 157, quoting Cartæ Antiquæ, B. 2.

[209] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 58.

[210] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 149, p. 110.

[211] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 298, p. 177.

[212] Fougères Sainte-Trinité, XVII, p. 237.

[213] Robert de Torigny I, 1162, p. 338.

[214] Dugdale Monasticon V, St James’s Priory, Exeter, II, p. 106.

[215] Robert de Torigny I, 1166, p. 360.

[216] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cciii.

[217] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cciii.

[218] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 41, RHGF XII, p. 426.

[219] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 56, RHGF XII, p. 439.

[220] Rotuli Litteratum Clausarum, Vol. I (1833), p. 171.

[221] Chronicon Bernardi Iterii, p. 99.

[222] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 56, RHGF XII, p. 439.

[223] Eyton (1858), Vol. II, p. 303, citing British Museum MS Pedigree of Dunstanville marked "P. 4".

[224] Pipe Roll 6 Ric I (1194/95), Devonshire, p. 166.

[225] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, pp. 540, 556 and 558.

[226] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 30.

[227] CP III 430.

[228] Pipe Roll 6 Ric I (1194/95), Dorset & Somerset, p. 189.

[229] Radulphi de Coggeshall, p. 163.

[230] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1208, p. 520.

[231] Bayley (1949), pp. 57-8.

[232] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 177.

[233] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, pp. 218-19.

[234] Bayley (1949), pp. 60-1.

[235] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1254, p. 457.

[236] Bayley (1949), p. 66.

[237] Bayley (1949), p. 76.

[238] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1257, p. 640.

[239] Bayley (1949), pp. 164-5.

[240] Bayley (1949), p. 166.

[241] Bayley (1949), pp. 193-4.

[242] Bayley (1949), pp. 194-5.

[243] Annales Halesiensibus 1272, MHG SS XVI, p. 483.

[244] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 207.

[245] Inquisitions post mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 808, p. 273.

[246] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 78.

[247] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1231, p. 202.

[248] Annales Cambriæ, p. 79.

[249] Annales Londonienses, p. 30.

[250] Annales Londonienses, p. 37.

[251] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 113.

[252] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 2.

[253] Wurstemberger (1858), Vol. IV, 154, p. 87.

[254] Annales Londonienses, p. 40.

[255] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1243, p. 263.

[256] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1257, p. 640.

[257] Annales Halesiensibus 1261, MHG SS XVI, p. 483.

[258] Annales de Oseneia, p. 128.

[259] Annales Halesiensibus 1267, MHG SS XVI, p. 483.

[260] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Tome II, 618, p. 365.

[261] Bayley (1949), p. 194.

[262] Annales de Oseneia, p. 126.

[263] Pole ([1604?] 1791), p. 309.

[264] Annales de Theokesberia, pp. 81 and 89.

[265] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 130.

[266] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 92.

[267] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 98.

[268] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1257, p. 641.

[269] Bayley (1949), p. 194.

[270] William of Tyre Continuator, XXXIV.XIV, p. 460.

[271] Annales Londonienses, p. 81.

[272] Annales de Oseneia, p. 244.

[273] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 1356.

[274] Annales Londonienses, p. 80.

[275] Thomas Wykes, p. 237.

[276] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars II, p. 178.

[277] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 63, p. 157.

[278] Bayley (1949), p. 66.

[279] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 64, p. 158.

[280] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1246, pp. 568-9.

[281] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1250, p. 94, "eodemque tempore, infra videlicet dies Natalitios", recorded at the start of his description of events of 1250, suggesting this was Christmas 1249.

[282] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 808, p. 273.

[283] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, Wallingford Church, Berkshire I, p. 1330.

[284] Annales de Wigornia, p. 547.

[285] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[286] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 209.

[287] Pole ([1604?] 1791), p. 309.

[288] Kennett, W. (1818) Parochial Antiquities attempted in the History of Ambrosden, Burcester, and other adjacent parts in the counties of Oxford and Bucks., Vol. I (Oxford), p. 456, citing “MS. Ashmol. 844”.

[289] Eyton (1857) Vol. IV, p. 254, footnote 60.

[290] Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Series 2, Vol. V (1894), p. 76.

[291] Wood, A. (1674) Historia et Antiquitates Universitatis Oxoniensis, Liber I (Oxford), p. 133.

[292] Annales de Wigornia, p. 526.

[293] Weir (2002), pp. 71-2.

[294] Grazebrook, G. & Rylands, J. P. (eds.) (1889) The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623, Part I (London), Pedigree of Cornwall, p. 146.

[295] Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Series 2, Vol. V (1894), p. 76.

[296] Burke’s Dormant and Extinct Peerages (1883), p. 137.

[297] Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Series 2, Vol. V (1894), p. 76.

[298] Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Series 2, Vol. V (1894), p. 77. Not named in Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages (1883), p. 137.

[299] CP V 253 and Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages, but not identified. It is not certain which Duke of Brittany is referred to.

[300] According to CP I 248, Constance was probably only contracted to marry John d'Arundel.

[301] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Edward III, 50, p. 34.

[302] Referred to, but not named, in Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages, p. 137.

[303] Hamilton (1988), p. 19.

[304] Marca (1640), p. 382.

[305] Marca (1640), p. 427.

[306] Marca (1640), p. 382.

[307] Marca (1640), p. 405, correctly dated on p. 403.

[308] Bémont (1914), 54, p. 31.

[309] Jaurgain (1898), p. 93.

[310] Bémont (1900), Tome II, 975, p. 291.

[311] Bémont (1906), Tome III, 4472, p. 369.

[312] Malden (1967), Vol. 2, Friaries: Dominican Friars of Guildford, pp. 114-6.

[313] CP III 433.

[314] Bémont (1914), 54, p. 31.

[315] Bémont (1900), Tome II, 975, p. 291.

[316] CP III 433, footnote g citing “ex inform. J. H. Round”.

[317] Bémont (1906), Tome III, 4723, p. 447.

[318] The National Archives, Kew, Reference: SC 8/278/13863, summary available at <http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C9517811>, with a photocopy of the original available for free download (9 Nov 2015).

[319] CP III 433.

[320] Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, p. 4.

[321] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 101.

[322] Annales de Bermundeseia, p. 469.

[323] Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, p. 4.

[324] Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 121.

[325] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, pp. 61 and 62.

[326] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 100.

[327] Rymer (1745), Tome II, Pars I, p. 127.

[328] CP IX 404, footnote m, citing Cal. Chanc. Inq. Misc., Vol. II, no. 1329.

[329] Bémont (1900), Tome II, 975, p. 291.

[330] CP IV 191-4.

[331] CP IV 203.

[332] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, I, p. 391.

[333] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, XI, p. 393.

[334] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, p. 7, and Staffordshire, p. 76.

[335] Historia Ricardi, prioris Haugustaldensis ecclesiæ, p. 94.

[336] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, VII, p. 393.

[337] CP IV 191.

[338] ES III 135.

[339] Domesday Descendants, p. 458.

[340] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, II, p. 392.

[341] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, VII, p. 393.

[342] CP IV 192.

[343] CP I Appendix I, p. 767, quoting MSS of the Earl of Essex, Hist. MSS Comm., Varous collections, vol. VII, p. 310.

[344] CP I Appendix I, p. 765, quoting Duchy of Lancaster, Royal Charters, n^o. 49.

[345] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, IV, p. 393.

[346] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. V, Dore Abbey, Herefordshire, I, p. 553.

[347] CP IV 193-4.

[348] Annales de Margan, p. 21.

[349] Matthew Paris Vol. II, 1191, p. 370.

[350] Epistolæ Cantuarienses, CCCXLVI, p. 329.

[351] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, IV, p. 393.

[352] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. V, Dore Abbey, Herefordshire, I, p. 553.

[353] CP XIV 250.

[354] Rymer, Tome I (1745), p. 52.

[355] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, V, p. 393.

[356] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 350.

[357] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, 16 John, p. 530.

[358] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/15, 5 Hen III, 148.

[359] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 94.

[360] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, 17/18 John, p. 591.

[361] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 12, p. 11.

[362] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/15, 5 Hen III, 148.

[363] CP V, chart following p. 116.

[364] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 268, p. 68.

[365] Hagger (1998), p. 18, citing Golob, P. E. (1985) The Ferrers Earls of Derby, p. 125.

[366] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli III, Norhamtonsire, Hundredum de Hockeslawe, p. 13.

[367] Domesday Descendants, p. 374.

[368] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, V, p. 393.

[369] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Derley Priory, Derbyshire, XXIII, p. 362.

[370] Annales Londonienses, p. 44.

[371] Annales de Burton, p. 285.

[372] Annales Londonienses, p. 126.

[373] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. III, Tutbury Priory, V, p. 393.

[374] CP IV 196.

[375] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Derley Priory, Derbyshire, XXIII, p. 362.

[376] Annales de Burton, p. 285.

[377] Annales Londonienses, p. 127.

[378] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 156.

[379] Annales de Burton, p. 317.

[380] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[381] Annales Londonienses, p. 126.

[382] Calendar of Documents Scotland (Bain), Vol. II, 36, p. 9.

[383] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 413, p. 237.

[384] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[385] Annals of Ireland, Vol. II, p. 314.

[386] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Watton Priory, Yorkshire, XII, Stemma Fundatorum istius Domus, p. 957.

[387] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[388] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3080, p. 459.

[389] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Old Malton Priory, Yorkshire, XIV, Stemma Fundatorum, p. 972.

[390] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[391] Annals of Ireland, Chartulary of Dublin St Mary’s Vol. II, p. 314.

[392] Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257, p. 252.

[393] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[394] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3080, p. 459.

[395] Dugdale Monasticon V, Newenham Abbey, Devonshire, V, p. 693.

[396] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 500, p. 141.

[397] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[398] Annals of Ireland, Chartulary of Dublin St Mary’s Vol. II, p. 314.

[399] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 491.

[400] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[401] Patent Rolls, Henry III, Vol. 4, p. 23. [Margaret Schooling]

[402] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3080, p. 459.

[403] Rochechouart (1859), Tome II, Documents, p. 282, quoting “travail manuscrit [de] Dom Villevieille” which cites “archives de la vicomté de Rochechouart, liasse AA”.

[404] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[405] Annals of Ireland, Chartulary of Dublin St Mary’s Vol. II, p. 314.

[406] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[407] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3080, p. 459.

[408] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[409] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[410] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3080, p. 459.

[411] Annals of Ireland, Chartulary of Dublin St Mary’s Vol. II, p. 314.

[412] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1252, p. 341.

[413] Calendar of Documents Scotland (Bain), Vol. II, 32, p. 8.

[414] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3132, p. 466.

[415] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[416] Annals of Ireland, Chartulary of Dublin St Mary’s Vol. II, p. 314.

[417] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[418] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3080, p. 459.

[419] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 604, p. 360.

[420] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[421] Annals of Ireland, Chartulary of Dublin St Mary’s Vol. II, p. 314.

[422] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[423] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3080, p. 459.

[424] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. IV, Edward I, 373, p. 243.

[425] An outline pedigree is given at CP IV 199.

[426] Annales Londonienses, p. 127.

[427] CP IV 200.

[428] Annales de Burton, p. 285.

[429] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 141.

[430] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Dunmow Parva Priory, Essex, I, Historia Fundationis necnon Fundatorum et Benefactorum eiusdem domus, p. 148.

[431] Joannis de Fordun (Goodall), Vol. II, Lib. X, Cap. XXVIII, p. 113.

[432] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 298.

[433] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Derley Priory, Derbyshire, XXIV, p. 362.

[434] Wetherhal, p. 329, footnote 204, 1 (continued from p. 328).

[435] Wetherhal, 204, p. 328.

[436] CP IX 281 footnote c.

[437] CP II 232.

[438] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 297.

[439] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 297.

[440] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 230.

[441] Dugdale Monasticon V, Newminster Abbey, Northumberland, VI, p. 401.

[442] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[443] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 174.

[444] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[445] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[446] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[447] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 174.

[448] Joannis de Fordun (Goodall), Vol. II, Lib. X, Cap. XXVIII, p. 113.

[449] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 413, p. 237.

[450] Johannis de Fordun (Goodall), Vol. II, Lib. X, Cap. XXVIII, p. 113.

[451] Stephenson (1870, Vol. I, LVI, p. 83.

[452] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 56.

[453] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 76.

[454] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 63.

[455] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 76.

[456] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 99.

[457] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[458] CP VI 174.

[459] Douglas Richardson, post to soc.gen.medieval 20 Jun 2006, <https://groups.google.com/g/soc.genealogy.medieval/c/ElVfHgcfQJ0/m/kXS0pO7LHGAJ> (7 Mar 2022), citing Fetherston, J. (ed.) (1870) The Visitation of the County of Leicester In the Year 1619, taken by William Camden (London), p. 74. I am grateful to Richard Legge for highlighting this posting by email 25 Feb 2022.

[460] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 76.

[461] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 76.

[462] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 90.

[463] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 76.

[464] CP XII/1 206.

[465] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XXXVII (MS. Reg. 2 A. XVIII.a), p. 279.

[466] CP XII/1 208.

[467] Burke’s Peerage (106th edn.) I, p. 816.

[468] Burke’s Peerage (106th edn.) I, p. 817, extinct in the legitimate male line 1581.

[469] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[470] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 96.

[471] Gesta Stephani Regis I, pp. 20-9.

[472] Round (1899) 879, p. 314.

[473] Dugdale Monasticon V, St James’s Priory, Exeter, I, p. 106.

[474] Round (1899) 879, p. 314.

[475] Robert de Torigny I, 1155, p. 292.

[476] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[477] Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii, RHGF XXIII, p. 472.

[478] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[479] Dugdale Monasticon V, St James’s Priory, Exeter, II, p. 106.

[480] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterii Montisburgensis, p. 554.

[481] Domesday Descendants, p. 245-6, citing Bearman (1994) Charters of the Redvers Family, nos. 31-33, 36, and Harper-Bill and Mortimer, R. (1982-84) Stoke by Clare Cartulary: BL Cotton Appx. XXI, Suffolk Charters 4-6, no. 69.

[482] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[483] Loders (Dorset), V, p. 18.

[484] Dugdale Monasticon V, St James’s Priory, Exeter, I, p. 106.

[485] Loders (Dorset), III, p. 16.

[486] Robert de Torigny I, 1155, p. 292.

[487] Pipe Roll 3 Hen II (1156), Devonshire, p. 74.

[488] Dugdale Monasticon V, St James’s Priory, Exeter, II, p. 106.

[489] Dugdale Monasticon V, Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, I, p. 316.

[490] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 30.

[491] Robert de Torigny I, 1162, p. 338.

[492] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterii Montisburgensis, p. 554.

[493] Domesday Descendants, p. 643, citing Bearman, R. (1994) Charters of the Redvers Family and the Earldom of Devon (Exeter), App. I, no. 16 (not yet consulted).

[494] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1162, p. 338.

[495] Dugdale Monasticon V, St James’s Priory, Exeter, II, p. 106.

[496] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[497] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1162, p. 338.

[498] CP IV 313.

[499] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 157, quoting Cartæ Antiquæ, B. 2.

[500] Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii, RHGF XXIII, p. 472.

[501] Annales de Waverleia, p. 245.

[502] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[503] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 157, quoting Cartæ Antiquæ, B. 2.

[504] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterii Montisburgensis, p. 555.

[505] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterii Montisburgensis, p. 556.

[506] Dugdale Monasticon V, Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, I, p. 316.

[507] Domesday Descendants, p. 658.

[508] Loders (Dorset) V, p. 18.

[509] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[510] Dugdale Monasticon V, St James’s Priory, Exeter, I, p. 106.

[511] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[512] Loders (Dorset) V, p. 18.

[513] Dugdale Monasticon V, St James’s Priory, Exeter, I, p. 106.

[514] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 157, quoting Cartæ Antiquæ, B. 2.

[515] Dugdale Monasticon V, Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, V, p. 317.

[516] Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii, RHGF XXIII, p. 474.

[517] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterii Montisburgensis, p. 555.

[518] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 90.

[519] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cci.

[520] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[521] Dugdale Monasticon V, Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, V, p. 317.

[522] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, pp. 379 and 381.

[523] Rotuli Chartarum, 1 John, p. 33.

[524] Rotuli Chartarum, 1 John, p. 52.

[525] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. II (1835), XLIII, p. 390.

[526] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 67.

[527] Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 (1902), p. 2.

[528] Testa de Nevill, Part 2, Appendix, p. 1385.

[529] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 71, p. 50.

[530] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[531] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, p. 67.

[532] Rotuli Chartarum, 1 John, p. 52.

[533] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 397.

[534] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[535] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 473.

[536] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[537] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 205.

[538] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 144.

[539] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/9, 2 Hen III, 98.

[540] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 264.

[541] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/22, 9 Hen III, 27.

[542] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/22, 9 Hen III, 96.

[543] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Clerkenwell Priory, XIV, p. 83.

[544] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[545] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 1, and CP IV 318.

[546] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 50, p. 12.

[547] CP IV 319.

[548] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 64.

[549] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[550] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 66.

[551] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/25, 11 Hen III, 3.

[552] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[553] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 1.

[554] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 87.

[555] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré de Paris St Martin-des-Champs, p. 470.

[556] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[557] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 99.

[558] Annales Londonienses, p. 58.

[559] Annales de Burton, p. 499.

[560] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 564, p. 173.

[561] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1257, p. 616.

[562] L'Art de vérifier les Dates, tome iii, p. 615, quoted in CP IV 320 footnote c.

[563] CP IV 320, footnote c.

[564] CP IV 321, footnote b.

[565] State Archives, volume 104, pages 17 and 19, fascicules 13.1, 13.2 and 13.3.

[566] CP IV 321.

[567] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome I, p. 255 footnote 1, CCXLI, p. 285, CCCXXXIV and CCCXXXV, pp. 375-6. See also Saint-Jean-en-Vallée, Tome I, 170, 171, 178, pp. 83 and 87, and Tiron Sainte-Trinité, CLXXI, p. 193.

[568] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[569] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[570] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 104.

[571] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 137.

[572] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 564, p. 173.

[573] Loders (Dorset) XII, p. 24.

[574] Dugdale Monasticon V, Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, IX, p. 318.

[575] Domesday Descendants, p. 613, citing Watkins, H. R. (1917) The History of Totnes Priory and Medieval Town (Torquay), Vol. II, plate v (not yet consulted).

[576] Extract only: The National Archives, Totnes Priory Deeds, consulted at <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=027-312m&cid=1-1-1-25#1-1-1-25> (21 Sep 2010), original at Devon Record Office 312M/TY25.

[577] Domesday Descendants, p. 613.

[578] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 107.

[579] Delisle (1856), 1781, p. 393.

[580] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/12, 4 Hen III, 3.

[581] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 379.

[582] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, pp. 379 and 381.

[583] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. II (1835), XLIII, p. 390.

[584] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 67.

[585] Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 (1902), p. 2.

[586] Testa de Nevill, Part 2, Appendix, p. 1385.

[587] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 71, p. 50.

[588] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 379.

[589] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 379.

[590] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 71, p. 50.

[591] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 379.

[592] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 379.

[593] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 71, p. 50.

[594] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[595] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[596] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[597] CP VI 124.

[598] CP IV 261.

[599] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[600] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[601] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[602] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. IV, Boxgrave Priory, VI, p. 646.

[603] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[604] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VII, Edward III, 79, p. 49.

[605] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[606] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[607] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire II, p. 382.

[608] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire II, p. 382.

[609] Powley (1944), p. 36.

[610] Pole ([1604?] 1791), p. 86.

[611] Feet of Fines (Devon) (1912), Vol. I, (456), 398, p. 235.

[612] Feet of Fines (Devon) (1912), Vol. I, (477), 409, p. 242.

[613] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 259.

[614] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 259.

[615] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[616] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[617] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 382.

[618] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[619] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[620] CP XIV 259.

[621] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[622] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[623] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[624] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[625] Rymer (1740), Tome III, Pars III, p. 88.

[626] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[627] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[628] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[629] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[630] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[631] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[632] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[633] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[634] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[635] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[636] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[637] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[638] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[639] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[640] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Castel Hymel or Finshed Priory, Northamptonshire, II, p. 450.

[641] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 66.

[642] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[643] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[644] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[645] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[646] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[647] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[648] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[649] CP IV 336.

[650] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[651] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[652] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[653] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 127.

[654] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[655] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[656] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[657] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[658] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 380.

[659] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[660] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[661] CP IV 326.

[662] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[663] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 355.

[664] Armitage-Smith (1904), Appendix (v), p. 465, quoting Percy MS. 78 (Alnwick Castle).

[665] Griffiths, Ralph (1981) The Reign of King Henry VI, p. 802, cited in CP XIV 259-60.

[666] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 317. Griffiths (1981) suggests that "Auricher" may have been a corruption of "Devonshire".

[667] Kerrebrouck (1990), p. 321 footnote 28.

[668] Chronicle of Warkworth, p. 19, cited in CP XIV 260.

[669] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. XI, p. 309.

[670] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. XI, p. 309.

[671] CP XIV 260.

[672] Burkes’s Peerage & Baronetage (1999), p. 834.

[673] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. X, p. 307.

[674] Burkes’s Peerage & Baronetage (1999), p. 834.

[675] CP IV 332, which does not name the sisters or any of their descendants.

[676] Burkes’s Peerage & Baronetage (1999), p. 834.

[677] Burkes’s Peerage & Baronetage (1999), p. 2542.

[678] CP IV 330.

[679] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. IV, p. 297.

[680] CP XIV 308.

[681] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 40, p. 44.

[682] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 171.

[683] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 46, p. 55.

[684] Delisle (1866), p. 217.

[685] Delisle (1866), p. 217.

[686] Dugdale Monasticon I, St Augustine’s Monastery, Canterbury, LIX, p. 144.

[687] Dugdale Monasticon III, Hurley Priory, Berkshire I, p. 433.

[688] Liber Eliensis, Vol. I, II, 121, p. 257.

[689] Domesday Translation, Surrey, XXV, p. 85, Berkshire, XXXVIII, p. 153, Middlesex, IX, pp. 363-4, Hertfordshire, XXXIII, pp. 385-7.

[690] CP V 113-4.

[691] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 46, p. 55.

[692] Dugdale Monasticon III, Hurley Priory, Berkshire I, p. 433.

[693] Dugdale Monasticon III, Hurley Priory, Berkshire I, p. 433.

[694] Domesday Descendants, p. 566, although it is not clear what source this is based on.

[695] Dugdale Monasticon III, Hurley Priory, Berkshire I, p. 433.

[696] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire II, p. 628.

[697] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire III, p. 269.

[698] CP V 113-4.

[699] Round (1892), p. 169.

[700] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire III, p. 269.

[701] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, II, p. 142.

[702] CP V 120-1.

[703] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[704] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[705] Domesday Descendants, p. 681, which cites a charter showing that he survived the battle of Burwell Castle "by a few years", contradicting the Ramsey Chronicle according to which he died with his brother-in-law during the siege of the castle.

[706] Round (1892), p. 169, which does not cite the source.

[707] Round (1892), p. 169.

[708] Domesday Descendants, p. 567.

[709] Domesday Descendants, pp. 566-8.

[710] Domesday Descendants, p. 568.

[711] Domesday Descendants, p. 566.

[712] Rotuli Chartarum, 2 John, p. 67.

[713] Rotuli Chartarum, 2 John, p. 67.

[714] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 152.

[715] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/16, 6 Hen III, 44.

[716] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1913), Vol. I, 202, p. 54.

[717] Domesday Translation, Surrey, XXV, p. 85.

[718] Annales de Bermundeseia, p. 430.

[719] Annales de Bermundeseia, p. 430.

[720] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire III, p. 269.

[721] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Oxfordshire, p. 6.

[722] CP V 116, and Gesta Stephani II, pp. 101-5.

[723] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[724] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[725] Dugdale Monasticon III, Hurley Priory, Berkshire IV, p. 434.

[726] CP V 116.

[727] Dugdale Monasticon II, Thorney Monastery, Cambridgeshire, IX, p. 601.

[728] Round (1892), p. 168.

[729] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1143, p. 177.

[730] CP V 116, footnote c, the main text referring to him as the "elder brother (or half-brother)" of Earl Geoffrey. According to Domesday Descendants, pp. 565 and 566, Ernulf [Arnald] was illegitimate, but this appears inconsistent with his having been disinherited.

[731] Round (1892), p. 229, quoting Sloane Cartulary, xxxii, 64.

[732] Round (1892), p. 230, quoting Dugdale MS, 15 (H) fol 129.

[733] Round (1892), p. 231, quoting Dugdale MS, 15 (H) fol 129.

[734] Round (1892), p. 232, quoting Dugdale MS, 15 (H) fol 129.

[735] Round (1892), p. 231, quoting Dugdale MS, 15 (H) fol 129.

[736] Domesday Descendants, p. 566.

[737] Domesday Descendants, p. 566.

[738] Round (1892), p. 231, quoting Dugdale MS, 15 (H) fol 129.

[739] Early Yorkshire Charters, Vol. II, 1260, p. 522.

[740] Early Yorkshire Charters, Vol. II, 1260, p. 522.

[741] An outline descent is given in CP V 116 footnote e.

[742] Round (1892), p. 231, quoting Dugdale MS, 15 (H) fol 129.

[743] Round (1892), p. 233, quoting Harleian Cart., 54, I, 44.

[744] CP V 116-7.

[745] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 27.

[746] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 16.

[747] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[748] Round (1892), p. 229, quoting Sloane Cartulary, xxxii, 64.

[749] Chronicle of Walden C, quoted in CP V 117 footnote f, the latter also stating that she is called "de Champagne" in L'Art de Vérifier les Dates.

[750] Evans 'Eustachie Countess of Essex and Saint-Pol' (1966), Vol. 15, pp. 186-7, in Evans (2003), p. 89.

[751] For example, Eustache Seigneur de Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume de Breteuil. The first wife of Gilbert de Pinkeny [Pecquigny] was also called Eustachie although her ancestry is not known, see Domesday Descendants, p. 635, as was the wife of Everard de Ros, ancestry also unknown, see Domesday Descendants, p. 670.

[752] Duchesne (1621) Châtillon, p. 53.

[753] Dugdale Monasticon III, Hurley Priory, Berkshire VI, p. 435.

[754] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[755] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 26.

[756] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[757] Ex historia cœnobii Mortui-Maris, RHGF XIV, p. 514.

[758] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 82.

[759] Ex Radulfi de Diceto imaginibus historiarum, RHGF XIII, pp. 203-4.

[760] Michel (1840), p. 88.

[761] Dugdale Monasticon V, Garendon Abbey, Leicestershire, III, p. 334.

[762] Domesday Descendants, p. 568. According to CP V 119, Earl William died "s. p. l." but gives no details of his illegitimate children.

[763] CP V 118 footnote a states that he "died s. p. in the lifetime of his brother William".

[764] CP V 118 footnote a, quoting Publications of the Bedfordshire Historical Record Society, Vol. I, p. 112 (not yet consulted).

[765] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 48, p. 62.

[766] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 48, p. 62.

[767] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 48, p. 62.

[768] The Magna Carta Project, available at: <http://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/newly_discovered_charters/Notification_of_the_King_s_restoration_to_Robert_de_Mandeville_and_his_heirs_of_the_barony_of_Marshwood__Dorset__> (26 Mar 2020).

[769] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, pp. 769-70.

[770] Round ‘Giffard of Fonthill Giffard’ (Jul 1903), p. 139.

[771] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, p. 153.

[772] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, p. 770.

[773] Round ‘Giffard of Fonthill Giffard’ (Jul 1903), p. 140, quoting Close Roll, 4 Hen. III [1220], and pp. 141-2.

[774] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, p. 770.

[775] CP V 122 footnote c, quoting Cartulary of St Swithun’s, Addit. MSS, no. 29436, f 31 v.

[776] CP V 122 footnote c.

[777] Annales de Wintonia, p. 67.

[778] CP V 122 footnote c, quoting Cartulary of St Swithun’s, Addit. MSS, no. 29436, f 31 v.

[779] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 205.

[780] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. III, 1570, p. 452.

[781] Pipe Roll 6 Ric I (1194/95), Wiltshire, p. 198.

[782] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, St Peter’s Cathedral, York, Yorkshire LXXXIV, p. 1191.

[783] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 94.

[784] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 164.

[785] CP V 122 footnote c, quoting Cartulary of St Swithun’s, Addit. MSS, no. 29436, f 31 v.

[786] Annales de Waverleia, p. 273.

[787] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[788] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[789] CP V 122 footnote c, quoting Cartulary of St Swithun’s, Addit. MSS, no. 29436, f 31 v.

[790] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, 15 John, p. 514.

[791] CP V 122 footnote c, quoting Cartulary of St Swithun’s, Addit. MSS, no. 29436, f 31 v.

[792] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[793] CP V 129.

[794] Michel (1840), p. 115.

[795] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[796] Annales de Waverleia, p. 289.

[797] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 45.

[798] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[799] CP V 131.

[800] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 8, p. 6.

[801] Annales Londonienses, p. 27.

[802] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[803] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 69.

[804] Panmure, Vol. II, p. 115.

[805] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 205.

[806] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 102.

[807] Colchester St John, Vol. I, p. 206.

[808] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/27, 12 Hen III, 4.

[809] Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 (1902), p. 198.

[810] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[811] CP V 130 footnote c.

[812] Rotuli Chartarum, 7 John, p. 156.

[813] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 139.

[814] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 242.

[815] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/27, 12 Hen III, 4.

[816] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 377.

[817] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 179.

[818] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1231, p. 210, which dates the event "xvi kal Januarii" and calls her "comitissam Esexiæ" but names neither her nor her husband.

[819] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 144.

[820] CP VI 459.

[821] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2785, p. 416.

[822] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[823] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, pp. 270 and 271.

[824] CP XII/2 248.

[825] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[826] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[827] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. III, Edward I, 422, p. 281.

[828] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[829] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[830] Beauchamp, 41, p. 22.

[831] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 50.

[832] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 52.

[833] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[834] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[835] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[836] Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, Vol. II (1844), p. 179. I am grateful for Terry J. Booth for highlighting this source.

[837] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 241, p. 193.

[838] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 237.

[839] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLIX (MS. Reg. 2 B. XIV), p. 395.

[840] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. II, p. 296.

[841] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLIX (MS. Reg. 2 B. XIV), p. 395.

[842] CP II 249, although CP V 138 footnote c says this is incorrect as it is "due to a misunderstanding of an erroneous remark in Warkworth's Chronicle, p. 17".

[843] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. II, p. 296.

[844] CP XIV 309.

[845] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. 1, p. 296.

[846] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. 1, p. 296.

[847] Assuming his father was killed in 1471, see above.

[848] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. 1, p. 296.

[849] CP V 139.

[850] Which declared her children bastards, see CP II 249.

[851] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLIX (MS. Reg. 2 B. XIV), p. 395.

[852] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLIX (MS. Reg. 2 B. XIV), p. 395.

[853] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLIX (MS. Reg. 2 B. XIV), p. 395.

[854] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLIX (MS. Reg. 2 B. XIV), p. 395.

[855] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLIX (MS. Reg. 2 B. XIV), p. 395.

[856] Florence of Worcester, 1136, p. 251.

[857] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[858] Thorney Abbey Liber Vitæ, fol. 2r, BL Add. MS 40,000, quoted in Keats-Rohan 'Domesday People Revisited' (May 2012), p. 11.

[859] Caux Saint-Victor, II.2, p. 380.

[860] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[861] Robert de Torigny I, 1136, p. 204.

[862] Annales Cambriæ, p. 40.

[863] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[864] Historia Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestriæ, p. 104.

[865] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XLVII, p. 388.

[866] Domesday Descendants, p. 399.

[867] Actes Henri II, Tome I, LX, p. 67.

[868] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[869] Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 508.

[870] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 48.

[871] Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 272.

[872] Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ, p. 8.

[873] Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 272.

[874] Domesday Descendants, p. 398, citing Harper-Bill, C and Mortimer, R. (1982-84) Stoke-by-Clare Priory Cartulary (Woodbridge), no. 137 (not yet consulted).

[875] Dugdale Monasticon V, Sawley Abbey, Yorkshire V, p. 512.

[876] Dugdale Monasticon V, Sawley Abbey, Yorkshire IX, p. 513.

[877] Harrison, D. ‘The Surrey Portion of the Lewes Cartulary’, Surrey Archaeological Collections, Vol. 43 (Surrey Archaeological Society, 1935), 14, p. 92.

[878] Ramsey, Vol. I, CXCIII, p. 255.

[879] Domesday Descendants, pp. 398 and 870, citing Harper-Bill, C and Mortimer, R. (1982-84) Stoke-by-Clare Priory Cartulary (Woodbridge), no. 571 (not yet consulted).

[880] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 491.

[881] Domesday Descendants, p. 260.

[882] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. II, 1217, p. 492.

[883] Domesday Descendants, p. 399.

[884] Wynne (1878), p. 14, footnote 3, no source cited.

[885] Lloyd (1912), Vol. II, p. 491, citing “the Haughmond charter” in Owen, E. (1903) A Catalogue of the MSS. relating to Wales in the British Museum (London), Vol. II, p. 451 [not consulted].

[886] Domesday Descendants, p. 245-6, citing Bearman (1994) Charters of the Redvers Family, nos. 31-33, 36, and Harper-Bill and Mortimer, R. (1982-84) Stoke by Clare Cartulary: BL Cotton Appx. XXI, Suffolk Charters 4-6, no. 69.

[887] Domesday Descendants, pp. 398 and 510, citing Gervers, M. (1982-96) The Cartulary of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem in England: secunda camera, Essex (Oxford/New York), no. 274 (not yet consulted).

[888] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli VI, Sudfolk, p. 31.

[889] Domesday Descendants, pp. 510-1.

[890] Robert de Torigny I, 1153, p. 272.

[891] Harper-Bill, C. & Richard Mortimer, R, (eds.) (1982) Stoke-by-Clare Priory Cartulary: BL Cotton Appx. xxi, eds. (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer, 1982-1984), Vol. 1, 32, p. 22, information supplied by Steve Barnhoon, New York.

[892] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 41.

[893] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 64.

[894] Dugdale Monasticon, Vol. IV, Boxgrave Priory, III, p. 645.

[895] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 41.

[896] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[897] Anonymi Continuatio appendicis Roberti de Monte ad Sigebertum, RHGF XVIII, p. 336.

[898] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[899] Benedict of Peterborough Vol. I 1176, p. 124.

[900] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 41.

[901] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 124.

[902] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[903] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 70.

[904] Brut y Tywysogion (Williams), p. 305.

[905] Elwes ‘De Braose Family’ (1880), p. 69.

[906] Domesday Descendants, p. 229, citing Stenton, F. M. (1930) Facsimiles of Early Charters from Northamptonshire Collections (Northants Record Society), p. 130 (not yet consulted).

[907] Epistolæ Cantuarienses, CCCXLVI, p. 329.

[908] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[909] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, 15 John, p. 514.

[910] Rotuli Chartarum, 5 John, p. 133.

[911] CP V 122 footnote c, quoting Cartulary of St Swithun’s, Addit. MSS, no. 29436, f 31 v.

[912] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. i.

[913] CP XI 373.

[914] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, X, p. 113.

[915] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Abbey of Saint-Amand, Rouen, p. 1101.

[916] Round (1899) 87, p. 25.

[917] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1913), Vol. I, 6a, p. 2.

[918] Round (1899) 87, p. 25.

[919] Round (1899) 87, p. 25.

[920] CP VII 667 footnote c.

[921] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. I, 601, p. 473.

[922] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. I, 601, p. 473.

[923] Round (1899) 87, p. 25.

[924] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. I, 601, p. 473.

[925] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 143.

[926] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 259.

[927] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Monastery, Lincolnshire, I, p. 215.

[928] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 259.

[929] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. I, 601, p. 473.

[930] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 309.

[931] Cited in CP VII Appendix J, p. 743, which discusses whether Thorold could have been her father, accepted as correct in Domesday Descendants, p. 247.

[932] Dugdale Monasticon III, Coventry Monastery III, Genealogia Fundatoris, p. 192.

[933] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 195.

[934] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 297.

[935] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, pp. 333-5.

[936] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Wiltshire, p. 22.

[937] CP VII 668.

[938] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. I, 106, p. 101.

[939] Dugdale Monasticon V, Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire I, p. 454.

[940] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XLII, p. 47.

[941] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 20.

[942] Dugdale Monasticon III, Coventry Monastery III, Genealogia Fundatoris, p. 192.

[943] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 487.

[944] Dugdale Monasticon V, Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire I, p. 454.

[945] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Twinham Priory, Hampshire, II, Fundatoris Progenies, p. 304.

[946] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. I, 106, p. 101.

[947] Called thus by Orderic Vitalis IV 485, cited in CP VII 670 footnote d.

[948] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. I, 106, p. 101.

[949] Dugdale Monasticon V, Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire I, p. 454.

[950] Dugdale Monasticon III, Coventry Monastery III, Genealogia Fundatoris, p. 192.

[951] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 488.

[952] Dugdale Monasticon V, Melsa Abbey, Yorkshire, II, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 394.

[953] CP VII 671.

[954] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Infeudationes militum…duci Normanniæ…1172, p. 628.

[955] Dugdale Monasticon V, Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, p. 454.

[956] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno secundo regis Ricardi…scutagium Walliæ assisum, p. 75.

[957] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 84.

[958] CP VII 671 footnote l.

[959] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), 503, p. 366.

[960] Domesday Descendants, p. 670, citing Bearman, R. (1994) Charters of the Redvers Family and the Earldom of Devon 1090-1217 (Exeter), no. 110 (not yet consulted).

[961] Dugdale Monasticon III, Coventry Monastery III, Genealogia Fundatoris, p. 192.

[962] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[963] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 490.

[964] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire II, p. 628.

[965] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Yorkshire, Northumberland, p. 25.

[966] Bridlington Priory, p. 11.

[967] Bridlington Priory, p. 12.

[968] Bridlington Priory, p. 1.

[969] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 491.

[970] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bridlington Priory, Yorkshire, IX, p. 287.

[971] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[972] Bridlington Priory, p. 41.

[973] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. II, 1138, p. 429.

[974] Robert de Torigny I, 1156, p. 301.

[975] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 491.

[976] Robert de Torigny I, 1156, p. 301.

[977] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[978] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 491.

[979] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Kirkstead, 205, p. 142.

[980] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. II, 1137, p. 429.

[981] Bridlington Priory, p. 41.

[982] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. II, 1138, p. 429.

[983] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. II, 1137, p. 429.

[984] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[985] Bridlington Priory, p. 41.

[986] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 29.

[987] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. III, 1768, p. 391.

[988] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno secundo regis Ricardi…scutagium Walliæ assisum, p. 75.

[989] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 490.

[990] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bridlington Priory, Yorkshire, X, p. 287.

[991] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Croxton Abbey, Leicestershire V, p. 878.

[992] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. III, 1864, p. 473.

[993] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. II, 1214, p. 488.

[994] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. III, 1768, p. 391.

[995] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire III, p. 490.

[996] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire III, p. 490.

[997] Domesday Descendants, p. 271.

[998] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Rufford, 349, p. 262.

[999] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Croxton Abbey, Leicestershire V, p. 878.

[1000] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. II, 1214, p. 488.

[1001] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. III, 1768, p. 391.

[1002] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VI, p. 630.

[1003] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Rufford, 349, p. 262.

[1004] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[1005] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[1006] Dugdale Monasticon V, Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire IV, Descensus de Gant, p. 490.

[1007] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 75, p. 55.

[1008] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[1009] CP VII 190.

[1010] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[1011] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 75, p. 55.

[1012] Bridlington Priory, p. 24.

[1013] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[1014] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 75, p. 55.

[1015] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[1016] CP VIII 561.

[1017] Dugdale Monasticon I, Bardney Monastery, Lincolnshire VII, p. 631.

[1018] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. II, 1137, p. 429.

[1019] Early Yorkshire Charters Vol. III, 1864, p. 473.

[1020] Dugdale Monasticon V, Pontefract Priory, Yorkshire, XII, p. 125.

[1021] Dugdale Monasticon V, Pontefract Priory, Yorkshire, XIII, p. 125.

[1022] Wightman (1966), p. 74, citing Early Yorkshire Charters, Vol. IX, pp. 205-6 [not yet consulted].

[1023] Dugdale Monasticon V, Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, LXXIII, p. 310.

[1024] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bridlington Priory, Yorkshire, III, p. 286.

[1025] Maxwell-Lyte (1909), Vol. I, p. 8.

[1026] Domesday Descendants, p. 781.

[1027] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 34.

[1028] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1029] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1218, p. 41.

[1030] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1031] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 115.

[1032] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1033] Annales Londonienses, p. 127.

[1034] Annales Cestrienses, p. 50.

[1035] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[1036] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[1037] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1038] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 121.

[1039] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[1040] Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257, p. 393.

[1041] Annales de Wigornia, p. 456.

[1042] Annales de Wintonia, p. 104.

[1043] Estimated on the basis of Matilda giving birth to her first known child in 1240.

[1044] Annales Cambriæ, p. 82.

[1045] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 106.

[1046] Annales Londonienses, p. 35.

[1047] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1048] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1049] CP VII 680.

[1050] Dugdale Monasticon V, Roche Abbey, Yorkshire VII, p. 503.

[1051] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 162.

[1052] Rymer (1745), Tome I, p. 155.

[1053] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1054] Dugdale Monasticon V, Roche Abbey, Yorkshire VII, p. 503.

[1055] CP VII 681 footnote i.

[1056] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1057] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 587, p. 187.

[1058] Annales Londonienses, p. 176.

[1059] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. II (1835), XXXIII Extracts from the Annals of Crokesden Abbey, co. Stafford, p. 303.

[1060] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1061] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[1062] Patent Rolls, Henry III, Vol. 4, p. 534.

[1063] Drake ‘Blanche Audley’ (1880), p. 70, translation of Chancery Inq. p.m. 15 Rich II, part 1, no. 1.

[1064] Information provided by Bernard Casimir by email dated 26 Dec 2020.

[1065] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1066] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 206.

[1067] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[1068] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1069] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1070] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[1071] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1072] Patent Rolls, Henry III, Vol. 4, p. 534.

[1073] Francisque-Michel (1875), Tome I, 38 Hen III, 4000, p. 501.

[1074] The appointees are listed in CP IX 703-6.

[1075] CP IX 708.

[1076] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 223.

[1077] Florence of Worcester, 1088, p. 187.

[1078] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XI, p. 121.

[1079] Gallia Christiana, Vol. XI, Instrumenta, col. 60.

[1080] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXIII, p. 406.

[1081] Florence of Worcester, 1088, p. 187.

[1082] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, X, p. 380.

[1083] Florence of Worcester, 1088, p. 187.

[1084] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XV, p. 350.

[1085] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 31.

[1086] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 198.

[1087] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 38.

[1088] Florence of Worcester, 1095, p. 201.

[1089] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VII, p. 51.

[1090] CP IX 706.

[1091] CP IX 369 footnote c.

[1092] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, pp. 197-8.

[1093] CP IX 367-8, and Domesday Descendants, p. 269.

[1094] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 283-5.

[1095] Staffordshire Collections (1880), Vol. I, pp. 12-13.

[1096] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Dorsetshire, p. 16, Staffordshire, p. 76.

[1097] Florence of Worcester, 1095, p. 200.

[1098] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 271.

[1099] Malmesbury, p. 237, footnote 2.

[1100] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 285.

[1101] Dugdale Monasticon V, Sawley Abbey, Yorkshire XXII, Genealogia Perciorum, p. 516.

[1102] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, folio 68b, p. 114.

[1103] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, folio 68b, p. 114.

[1104] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 354.

[1105] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, folio 68b, p. 114.

[1106] Liber Vitæ Dunelmensis, folio 68b, p. 114.

[1107] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1108] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1109] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. V, p. 298.

[1110] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. V, p. 298.

[1111] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 277.

[1112] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. V, p. 298.

[1113] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. V, p. 298.

[1114] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. V, p. 298.

[1115] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. V, p. 298.

[1116] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. V, p. 298.

[1117] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. V, p. 298.

[1118] CP X 193.

[1119] CP X 201.

[1120] CP X 193-201.

[1121] CP X 193 footnote c.

[1122] CP X Appendix J, p. 110.

[1123] Domesday Translation, Wiltshire, XXIII, p. 175, Oxfordshire, XVIII, p. 432.

[1124] Domesday Translation, Essex, XXXV, pp. 1027-8.

[1125] CP X 193-4.

[1126] Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, Vol. II, p. 59.

[1127] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, II, p. 99.

[1128] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, II, p. 99.

[1129] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1140, p. 174, specifying that he died on the "ides of May".

[1130] Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, Vol. II, p. 59.

[1131] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, I, p. 99.

[1132] CP X 198.

[1133] Leland’s Itinerary, Vol. V, Part XI, p. 172.

[1134] Round ‘Who was Alice of Essex?’ (1889), p. 245.

[1135] Leland’s Itinerary, Vol. V, Part XI, p. 172.

[1136] Round ‘Who was Alice of Essex?’ (1889), pp. 245-6.

[1137] Round ‘Who was Alice of Essex?’ (1889), p. 246, citing “MS. Register of Walden Abbey…Cap. 18”.

[1138] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, X, p. 101.

[1139] Round ‘Who was Alice of Essex?’ (1889), p. 245, citing “Harleian MS. 259, fo. 67”.

[1140] Round ‘Who was Alice of Essex?’ (1889), p. 249.

[1141] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli III, Norhamtonsire, Duo Hundreda de Suttone, p. 15.

[1142] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli VIII, Essex, p. 41.

[1143] Domesday Descendants, p. 948.

[1144] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, p. 140.

[1145] Dugdale Monasticon III, Hurley Priory, Berkshire IV, p. 434.

[1146] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, X, p. 101.

[1147] Dugdale Monasticon II, Thorney Monastery, Cambridgeshire, IX, p. 601.

[1148] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, X, p. 101.

[1149] Round ‘Who was Alice of Essex?’ (1889), p. 249.

[1150] Historia Comitum Ghisnensium 52, MGH SS XXIV, p. 587.

[1151] CP X 200.

[1152] Historia Comitum Ghisnensium 60, MGH SS XXIV, p. 591.

[1153] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 64.

[1154] Historia Comitum Ghisnensium 42 and 43, MGH SS XXIV, pp. 582 and 583.

[1155] Historia Comitum Ghisnensium 139, MGH SS XXIV, p. 632.

[1156] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, IX, p. 101.

[1157] CP X Appendix J, p. 120.

[1158] CP X 206.

[1159] CP X 206. If his parents did not cohabit until [1171/72], he must have been born after that. In any case, he was probably born a few years later than 1163 assuming his mother's birth date [1151/52] is correct.

[1160] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 90.

[1161] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1211, p. 533.

[1162] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 169.

[1163] CP X 210.

[1164] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 190.

[1165] CP X 210-1 footnote j.

[1166] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 190.

[1167] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 76.

[1168] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 98.

[1169] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 319.

[1170] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 341.

[1171] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 341.

[1172] CP X 213 footnote b, citing Farrer, W. (1925) Honors and Knights’ Fees, Vol. III, p. 205.

[1173] CP X Appendix J, p. 117.

[1174] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, pp. 79 and 95.

[1175] Ancient Deeds PRO, C. 2287, p. 503.

[1176] Rotuli Litteratum Clausarum, Vol. I (1833), p. 207.

[1177] Monks Horton, IV, p. 271.

[1178] Pipe Roll 4 Hen II (1157), Kent, p. 166.

[1179] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XII, p. 101.

[1180] CP X Appendix J, p. 113.

[1181] Domesday Descendants, p. 680.

[1182] Dugdale Monasticon V, Wenlock Priory, Shropshire, V, p. 76.

[1183] Monks Horton, IV, p. 271.

[1184] CP X Appendix J, p. 113.

[1185] Pipe Roll 16 Hen II (1169/70), Somerset, p. 117.

[1186] Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 518.

[1187] CP X Appendix J, p. 114.

[1188] CP X Appendix J, p. 114.

[1189] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, X, p. 101.

[1190] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XII, p. 101.

[1191] Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 518.

[1192] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DXLVII, p. 124.

[1193] CP X, Appendix J, p. 115.

[1194] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli VIII, Essex, Hundredum de Tendringe, p. 38.

[1195] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, XV, p. 102.

[1196] CP IX 585 footnote c, citing Stowe MS 924 [excerpts from Cartularies, anno 1627], ff. 61 d, 61, 74 d.

[1197] CP IX 585 footnote d, citing Rotuli de Dominabus, p. 71, and Cartulary of Colne Priory, Cole’s Transcript, B.M. Add. MSS. 5860, n^o. 21 – on p. 227.

[1198] Round (1892), p. 181, further discussed in Appendix X, pp. 399-404.

[1199] Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, Vol. II, p. 59.

[1200] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, I, p. 99.

[1201] Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, Vol. II, p. 59.

[1202] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Colne Priory, Essex, I, p. 99.

[1203] CP X 200 footnote g.

[1204] CP X 195 footnote f, where he is described as Aubrey's youngest son.

[1205] Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, Vol. II, p. 59.

[1206] CP X 199 footnote d.

[1207] CP X Appendix J, p. 112, note j.

[1208] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 341.

[1209] CP X 214-5.

[1210] Colchester St John, Vol. II, p. 340.

[1211] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 586, p. 185.

[1212] Estimated birth date range based on her having given birth to her son in [1240], although it seems unlikely that she would have been much older than her husband.

[1213] Fine Rolls Henry III, Roll C 60/18, 7 Hen III, 83.

[1214] Pipe Roll 7 Henry III, p. 32.

[1215] Colchester St John, Vol. II, p. 340.

[1216] Estimated birth date based on the birth of her grandson in [1275].

[1217] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 379.

[1218] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 586, p. 185.

[1219] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. V, Edward II, 394, p. 216.

[1220] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XXXVII (MS. Eccl. Cathedr. S. Pauli Lond.), p. 281.

[1221] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. V, Edward II, 394, p. 216.

[1222] CP X 222 footnote a says there is no proof of this.

[1223] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 503.

[1224] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 633, p. 382.

[1225] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 503.

[1226] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 62.

[1227] CP X 233.

[1228] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 62.

[1229] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 62.

[1230] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 87.

[1231] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 87.

[1232] CP X 227.

[1233] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 182.

[1234] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 87.

[1235] CP X 230-1.

[1236] CP X 232.

[1237] CP X 232.

[1238] CP X 231-2 footnote h.

[1239] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 87.

[1240] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 62.

[1241] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 98.

[1242] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 98.

[1243] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 62.

[1244] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 192.

[1245] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 192, footnote 2.

[1246] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 192.

[1247] CP X 237-8.

[1248] CP X 238.

[1249] CP X 239.

[1250] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 298.

[1251] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 323.

[1252] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 325.

[1253] CP X 241-2.

[1254] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 300.

[1255] CP X 241 footnote g.

[1256] CP X 244 footnote f.

[1257] CP XIV 309.

[1258] CP X Appendix J, p. 111.

[1259] Monks Horton, I, p. 269.

[1260] Monks Horton, IV, p. 271.

[1261] Monks Horton, IV, p. 271.

[1262] Pipe Roll 1 Ric I,, p. 61.

[1263] Pipe Roll 1 Ric I, p. 61.

[1264] Early Yorkshire Charters III, p. 61, citing Selby Chartulary, II, 296 (not yet consulted).

[1265] CP X Appendix J, p. 111.

[1266] Rotuli de Liberate, 5 John, p. 62.

[1267] Rotuli Chartarum, 9 John, p. 167.

[1268] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 135.

[1269] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 135.

[1270] Rotuli de Liberate, 5 John, p. 62.

[1271] CP X 376-88.

[1272] CP X 389.

[1273] CP X 348.

[1274] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1275] Thorney Abbey Liber Vitæ, fol. 2r, BL Add. MS 40,000, quoted in Keats-Rohan 'Domesday People Revisited' (May 2012), p. 11.

[1276] Dugdale Monasticon II, Thorney Monastery, Cambridgeshire, X, p. 601.

[1277] CP X 348-9.

[1278] Annales Cambriæ, p. 44.

[1279] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1280] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DLXXVI, p. 161.

[1281] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Monmouth Priory, III, p. 596.

[1282] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1283] CP X 353-4.

[1284] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 61.

[1285] Annales Cambriæ, pp. 54 and 55.

[1286] Annales Cambriæ, p. 52.

[1287] CP X 357.

[1288] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 61.

[1289] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire I, p. 267.

[1290] Orpen (1892), pp. 200-01.

[1291] Expugnatio Hibernica II, IV, p. 314.

[1292] Expugnatio Hibernica II, IV, p. 313.

[1293] CP X Appendix G, p. 92.

[1294] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 71.

[1295] Pipe Roll, 31 Hen I (1129/30), p. 18.

[1296] Gesta Stephani Regis I, p. 81.

[1297] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 304.

[1298] Round (1892), p. 171.

[1299] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 150, quoting Cartæ Antiquæ, R. no. 33.

[1300] Pipe Roll 4 Hen II (1157), Herefordshire, p. 144, Hampshire, pp. 173-4.

[1301] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 29.

[1302] CP X Appendix X, p. 95 footnote a, citing Painter, S. (1933) William Marshal, p. 41, and p. 93 footnote c, citing Pipe Roll, 31 Hen I (1129/30), p. 18.

[1303] Meyer (1891), Vol. I, 372, p. 14.

[1304] Domesday Descendants, p. 991, although on p. 1029 Stephen Gai is said to have been Aline's first husband.

[1305] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1968), Vol. III, 339, p. 128.

[1306] Meyer (1891), Vol. I, 372, p. 14.

[1307] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1968), Vol. III, 339, p. 128.

[1308] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, pp. 284 and 304.

[1309] Meyer (1891), Vol. I, 113, p. 5.

[1310] CP X Appendix G, p. 95 footnote f.

[1311] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 347.

[1312] Meyer (1891), Vol. I, 10062-3, p. 363.

[1313] Rotuli Normanniæ, Vol. I, p. 43.

[1314] CP VIII 525, quoting (in translation) Chartulary of Walsingham, Cotton MS, Nero, E vii, f. 95 d.

[1315] Rotuli Chartarum, 5 John, p. 113.

[1316] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1219, p. 43.

[1317] Meyer (1891), Vol. I, 4636-7, p. 168.

[1318] CP X Appendix G, p. 95 footnote f.

[1319] CP X Appendix G, p. 95 footnote f.

[1320] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1194, p. 407.

[1321] Annales de Margan, p. 28.

[1322] CP X Appendix G, p. 95 footnote f.

[1323] Hunt (1994), p. 34 [Google Books, snippet view]. I am grateful to Douglas Richardson for drawing my attention to this source.

[1324] Letters Henry III, Vol. I, CCII bis, p. 500.

[1325] Annales de Wigornia, p. 422.

[1326] CP X Appendix G, p. 95 footnote f.

[1327] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 16 footnote 4, quoting Pipe Roll, 12 John, Berks.

[1328] Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 (1902), p. 504.

[1329] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Essex, p. 56.

[1330] CP X Appendix G, p. 92-3 footnote h.

[1331] Pipe Roll 4 Hen II (1157), Hampshire, p. 173.

[1332] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 221.

[1333] Patent Rolls, Henry III, Vol. 1, p. 407. [Margaret Schooling]

[1334] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 90.

[1335] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 164.

[1336] Annales Cambriæ, p. 63.

[1337] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1216, p. 2.

[1338] Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, p. 187.

[1339] Annales Cambriæ, p. 74.

[1340] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 55.

[1341] Annales de Waverleia, p. 291.

[1342] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1219, p. 43.

[1343] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire I, p. 267.

[1344] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1345] CP X 365.

[1346] Annales Cambriæ, pp. 74 and 75.

[1347] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire I, p. 267.

[1348] CP X 366.

[1349] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1231, p. 202.

[1350] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 78.

[1351] Annales Cambriæ, p. 78.

[1352] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 126.

[1353] Annales Londonienses, p. 30.

[1354] Michel (1840), pp. 109-10.

[1355] Rotuli Chartarum, 5 John, p. 112.

[1356] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 91.

[1357] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 67.

[1358] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1236, p. 326.

[1359] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1238, p. 471.

[1360] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1238, p. 479-80.

[1361] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 106.

[1362] CP VII 547.

[1363] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1364] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 94.

[1365] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1366] Geslin de Bourgogne & Barthélémy (1879), Tome VI, Chartes et pieces justificatives, LXXIII, p. 164.

[1367] Annales Cambriæ, p. 78.

[1368] Annales Cambriæ, p. 80.

[1369] Annales de Theokesberia, pp. 92-3.

[1370] Guyard de la Fosse (1850), Preuves, XVIII.

[1371] Calvados (Anisy), Vol. I, Fontenay-le-Pesnel, 1, p. 354.

[1372] Morbihan, 260, p. 212.

[1373] Geslin de Bourgogne (1879), Tome VI, Chartes et pieces justificatives, LXXIII, p. 164.

[1374] Geslin de Bourgogne & Barthélémy (1864), Tome III Diocèse de Saint-Brieuc (Part 2), XCVIII, p. 81.

[1375] Geslin de Bourgogne (1864), Tome III (Part 2), CVII, p. 85.

[1376] Geslin de Bourgogne (1864), Tome III (Part 2), CXXXIII, p. 97.

[1377] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1378] Annales Cambriæ, p. 80.

[1379] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1241, p. 136. .

[1380] Annales Cambriæ, p. 84.

[1381] Annales Londonienses, p. 38.

[1382] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 119.

[1383] Chronicle of Melrose, 1235, p. 63.

[1384] Annales Cambriæ, p. 81.

[1385] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 98.

[1386] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 143.

[1387] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1244, p. 396.

[1388] CP X 373 footnote i.

[1389] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1245, p. 491.

[1390] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1391] Annales Cambriæ, p. 83.

[1392] Annales Cambriæ, p. 84.

[1393] Annales Cambriæ, p. 86.

[1394] Annales Londonienses, p. 43.

[1395] Annales Londonienses, p. 127.

[1396] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[1397] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1398] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 121.

[1399] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2949, p. 439.

[1400] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 3080, p. 459.

[1401] Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257, p. 393.

[1402] Annales de Wigornia, p. 456.

[1403] Annales de Wintonia, p. 104.

[1404] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1245, p. 491.

[1405] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1406] Annales Cambriæ, p. 86.

[1407] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2804, p. 419.

[1408] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1409] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[1410] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire IV, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 270.

[1411] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[1412] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[1413] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 61.

[1414] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1231, p. 202, specifying that the marriage took place in the month of April.

[1415] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 78.

[1416] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1231, p. 202.

[1417] Annales Cambriæ, p. 79.

[1418] Annales Londonienses, p. 30.

[1419] Annales Londonienses, p. 37.

[1420] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 113.

[1421] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 2.

[1422] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[1423] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire V, In Chronicis Abbatiæ Tynterne in Wallia, p. 271.

[1424] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[1425] Letters Henry III, Vol. I, CCCVI, p. 369.

[1426] Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 (1903), p. 477.

[1427] Rotuli Chartarum, 5 John, p. 113.

[1428] CP VIII 525, quoting (in translation) Chartulary of Walsingham, Cotton MS, Nero, E vii, f. 95 d.

[1429] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 15.

[1430] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, pp. 477 and 527.

[1431] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, 9 John, p. 411.

[1432] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 477.

[1433] CP VIII 525, quoting (in translation) Chartulary of Walsingham, Cotton MS, Nero, E vii, f. 95 d.

[1434] Rye (1876), p. 21.

[1435] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 688, p. 217.

[1436] Blomefield Norfolk, Vol. II (1805), pp. 432-5.

[1437] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2369, p. 353.

[1438] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2369, p. 353.

[1439] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 688, p. 217.

[1440] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 471, p. 280.

[1441] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 471, p. 280.

[1442] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. III, Edward I, 483, p. 379.

[1443] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 757, p. 245.

[1444] CP IX 265, footnote a.

[1445] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 506.

[1446] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 507.

[1447] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 352.

[1448] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 71.

[1449] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 71.

[1450] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 87.

[1451] CP X 392-3.

[1452] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 90.

[1453] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 85.

[1454] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 87.

[1455] CP X 395.

[1456] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 354.

[1457] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 214.

[1458] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 71.

[1459] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. i.

[1460] CP XI 373.

[1461] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1913), Vol. I, 135, p. 35.

[1462] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1913), Vol. I, 149, 194, 232, 247, 267, 270, 283, pp. 41, 52, 62, 65, 70, 74.

[1463] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. i.

[1464] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1913), Vol. I, 178, p. 48.

[1465] Domesday Translation, Surrey, XXVII, p. 86, Hampshire, XXVII, p. 111, Wiltshire, XXIIII, pp. 176-8, Dorset, XXXI, p. 215, Hertfordshire, XXXII, p. 385.

[1466] Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1913), Vol. I, 292, 293, 294, p. 77, Appendix, XLVI, p. 130.

[1467] British History Online, Bishops of Salisbury from Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 1066-1300, Vol. 4 Salisbury (London, 1991), at <https://www.british-history.ac.uk/fasti-ecclesiae/1066-1300/vol4/pp1-7> (2 Sep 2022).

[1468] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 684, p. 40.

[1469] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, p. 38, note after no. 673, citing Salter, H. E. ‘A Dated Charter of Henry I’, English Historical Review, Vol. XXVI, Issue CIII (Jul 1911), p. 490 [not consulted].

[1470] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. i.

[1471] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 134.

[1472] CP XI 374 footnote e, citing Dugdale, Monasticon Vol. II, p. 67 (the reference does not appear on this page in the 1817/30 edition).

[1473] Annals of Lacock Abbey, p. 20.

[1474] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. i.

[1475] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 544, p. 12.

[1476] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 971, p. 98.

[1477] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1185, p. 143.

[1478] CP XI 374.

[1479] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 222.

[1480] Annals of Lacock Abbey, p. 20.

[1481] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. i.

[1482] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, p. 3.

[1483] CP XI 378.

[1484] CP XI 375 footnote g, quoting Registrum St Osmundi, Vol. I, p. 237.

[1485] Willelmi Malmesbiriensis, Vol. II, Historia Novella, III, 507, p. 587.

[1486] Gesta Stephani Regis II, p. 93.

[1487] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. i.

[1488] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, I, p. 338.

[1489] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 222.

[1490] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 4.

[1491] Gervase, p. 205.

[1492] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 5.

[1493] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, I, p. 338.

[1494] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXV, p. 311.

[1495] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 5.

[1496] Ellis (1846), 3rd series, Vol. I, Letter XIII, p. 23.

[1497] Ellis (1846), 3rd series, Vol. I, p. 25 quoting “Reg. Priorat. Lewes fol. 107 b”.

[1498] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, II, p. 338.

[1499] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 58.

[1500] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, III, p. 338.

[1501] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 161.

[1502] Annales de Margan, p. 23.

[1503] Annales de Wigornia, p. 389.

[1504] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1505] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, III, p. 338.

[1506] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1507] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 473.

[1508] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, III, p. 338.

[1509] Annals of Lacock Abbey, p. 99.

[1510] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 161.

[1511] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Henton, Somerset, I, p. 5.

[1512] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, II, p. 338.

[1513] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, II, p. 338.

[1514] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, II, p. 338.

[1515] William of Tyre XIV.I, p. 607.

[1516] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1162, MGH SS XXIII, p. 845.

[1517] Robert de Torigny I, 1144, p. 234.

[1518] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 33.

[1519] Meyer (1891), Vol. I, 372, p. 14.

[1520] CP XI 374.

[1521] Round (1909) Feudal England, p. 208.

[1522] Rotuli Dominabus (Round, 1913), p. 70, footnote 1.

[1523] Lancaster ‘The Anglo-Norman baronies of Aveley and Crich’ (2020), p. 101, citing Painter, S. ‘The Lands of Ralph FitzHubert’, in Cazel, F. A. (ed.) (1961) Feudalism and Liberty (Baltimore John Hopkins Press), pp. 226-9 [not consulted].

[1524] Placitorum Abbreviatio (1811), p. 41.

[1525] Dugdale Monasticon V, Bermondsey, Surrey, I, p. 96.

[1526] Dugdale Monasticon V, Bermondsey, Surrey, VII, p. 101.

[1527] Dugdale Monasticon V, Bermondsey, Surrey, I, p. 97.

[1528] Lancaster ‘The Anglo-Norman baronies of Aveley and Crich’ (2020), pp. 105-7.

[1529] Round (1892), pp. 88, 91.

[1530] Red Book Exchequer, p. 30.

[1531] Round (1899), 196, p. 66.

[1532] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1183, p. 142.

[1533] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, XVIII, p. 357.

[1534] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1222, 1246, 1255, 1284, 1363, 1446, 1466, pp. 149, 154, 156, 163, 179, 197, 201.

[1535] Round (1909) Feudal England, p. 199.

[1536] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1583, p. 226.

[1537] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, 1648, p. 239.

[1538] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), p. 81.

[1539] Placitorum Abbreviatio (1811), p. 41.

[1540] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli VIII, Essex, p. 38.

[1541] Round (1899), 211, p. 70.

[1542] Round (1899), 212, p. 70.

[1543] Père Anselme, Tome VIII, p. 89.

[1544] ES XIII 103.

[1545] Morandière (1903), p. 58.

[1546] Round (1892), Appendix X, pp. 403-4.

[1547] Morandière (1903), p. 58.

[1548] Round (1899), 211, p. 70.

[1549] Round (1899), 212, p. 70.

[1550] Morandière (1903), p. 58.

[1551] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCCXXV, p. 347.

[1552] Round (1899), 212, p. 70.

[1553] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli VIII, Essex, p. 38.

[1554] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, XII, p. 875.

[1555] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 82.

[1556] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, 6 John, p. 213.

[1557] Rotuli Dominabus (Round, 1913), p. 70, footnote 1.

[1558] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, pp. 504 and 565.

[1559] Round (1892), Appendix X, p. 403, quoting “Testa de Nevill, i. 276”.

[1560] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 529.

[1561] Morandière (1903), p. 64.

[1562] ES XIII 103.

[1563] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1211, p. 533.

[1564] Annales Londonienses, p. 27.

[1565] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 99.

[1566] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 69.

[1567] Annales de Waverleia, p. 302.

[1568] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iii.

[1569] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 161.

[1570] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, pp. iii-iv.

[1571] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1572] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1250, p. 153.

[1573] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 503, p. 391.

[1574] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1249, p. 76.

[1575] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1250, p. 153.

[1576] Rotuli Litteratum Clausarum, Vol. I (1833), p. 265.

[1577] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[1578] Bracton’s Note Book, Vol. II, 503, p. 391.

[1579] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[1580] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1581] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Acornbury Priory, Herefordshire, V, p. 490.

[1582] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, VI, p. 520.

[1583] CP V 642, footnote (c).

[1584] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1585] Dugdale Monasticon III, Spalding Priory, Lincolnshire XI, Hugonis primi Comitis Cestriæ…, p. 218.

[1586] Patent Rolls, Henry III, Vol. 4, p. 534.

[1587] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[1588] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 505, p. 143.

[1589] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 505, p. 143.

[1590] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[1591] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 476, p. 286.

[1592] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iv.

[1593] Kirk (1899), Vol. I, 69, p. 58.

[1594] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1595] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1596] Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257, p. 332.

[1597] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1598] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2600, p. 387.

[1599] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2615, p. 390.

[1600] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2663, p. 397.

[1601] Calendar of Documents Ireland, Vol. I, 2730, p. 407.

[1602] Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257, p. 332.

[1603] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 179, p. 110.

[1604] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1605] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 179, p. 110.

[1606] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. v.

[1607] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. II, Edward I, 179, p. 110.

[1608] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VI, Edward II, 275, p. 159.

[1609] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. VII, Edward III, 371, 442, pp. 267 and 442.

[1610] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1611] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1612] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. iii.

[1613] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1614] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 21, p. 6.

[1615] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 307.

[1616] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 312.

[1617] Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. I, Henry III, 807, p. 272.

[1618] Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, Chroniculum, p. 169.

[1619] Annals of Lacock Abbey, Appendix I, Book of Lacock, p. ii.

[1620] Oxford St Frideswide, Vol. II, 698, p. 15.

[1621] Gurney (1845), p. 149, quoting Vitis Calthorpiana, Harl. 970, MS British Museum.

[1622] Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, Vol. I (1834), XXXVII (MS. Reg. 2 A. XVIII.a), p. 278.

[1623] Oliver (1860), Vol. I, Camden’s Britannia, p. 102.

[1624] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 145.

[1625] Chronicon Angliæ 1328-1388 (1874), p. 50.

[1626] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 145.

[1627] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 183.

[1628] CP XI 391.

[1629] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 124.

[1630] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars IV, p. 89.

[1631] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 124.

[1632] CP XI 392.

[1633] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 205.

[1634] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 215.

[1635] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 215.

[1636] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 215.

[1637] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1638] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1639] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 215.

[1640] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 205.

[1641] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 255.

[1642] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 281.

[1643] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 124.

[1644] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 124.

[1645] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 124.

[1646] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 215.

[1647] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 124.

[1648] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 124.

[1649] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 124.

[1650] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, III, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia, p. 353.

[1651] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 110.

[1652] Rymer (1740), Tome II, Pars IV, p. 71.

[1653] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[1654] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 62.

[1655] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1656] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1657] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1658] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1659] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1660] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 300.

[1661] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1662] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1663] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1664] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1665] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1666] Ingulph’s Chronicle, Continuation of the History of Croyland, p. 469.

[1667] Ellis (1844), p. 131.

[1668] Ingulph’s Chronicle, Continuation of the History of Croyland, p. 469.

[1669] According to CP XII/2 393 footnote a, it is doubtful whether this first marriage took place.

[1670] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1671] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1672] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 63.

[1673] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1674] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1675] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1676] <https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Neville-1829> (9 Oct 2022).

[1677] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1678] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 300.

[1679] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1680] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1681] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1682] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1683] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1684] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1685] FitzHerbert ‘Tailbois and Neville’, p. 110.

[1686] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. III, p. 300.

[1687] Nicolas (1826), Vol. I, p. 286.

[1688] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. XII, p. 310.

[1689] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. XII, p. 310.

[1690] Ellis (1844), p. 168.

[1691] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. XII, p. 310.

[1692] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. XII, p. 310.

[1693] Collectanea Topographica Genealogica, Vol. I, XL, Harleian MS 1074, No. XII, p. 310.

[1694] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bridlington Priory, Yorkshire, III, p. 286.

[1695] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), p. 108.

[1696] Henry of Huntingdon, IV, 7, p. 70.

[1697] Gesta Stephani Regis I, p. 81.

[1698] Round (1892), pp. 89, 93.

[1699] Maxwell-Lyte (1909), Vol. I, p. 8.

[1700] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Bruton Priory, Somerset, I, p. 335.

[1701] Maxwell-Lyte (1921), 2, p. 4.

[1702] CP XII/1 38, footnote (h).